Mutengo Weighted Indexes
Neyo-nhamba yakakosha, mutengo wekutengeserana unotsvaga kubva pamatengesi ekutengeserana ezvimwe zvivimbiso (mashizha) anoumba index index (inozikamwa sezvikamu).
Mune mamwe mazwi, matanda ane mitengo yakakwirira ichava nemigumisiro yakawanda pakufambisa kwekanyorwa kudarika mashesi ane mitengo shoma, sezvo mutengo wavo "wakareruka" wakakwirira. Somuenzaniso, kana mutengo unobva kubva ku $ 100 kuenda ku $ 110, huchaita kuti huwandu huwedzere kubva kune $ 20 kusvika ku $ 30, kunyange huwandu huwandu hunoenda kune hutengo hwezasi hwekutengesa kubva kune $ 20 kusvika ku $ 30 nokuti mutengo kumusoro.
Chimwe chezvikwata zvakakosheswa pamitengo yakawanda ndeyeDow Jones Industrial Average (DIJA), iyo inosanganisira zana makumi matatu. Muchidimbu ichi, mari yepamusoro yekutengesa inotungamirira index kudarika iyo ine mitengo shoma dzekutengesa, ergo mutengo-wakarehwa.
Kuyera Weighted Indexes
Muchiitiko chekukosha-kurema index, chiyero chezvikamu zvakakosha zvinouya.
Kuti uone kuyerwa kwemutengo wega wega mune nhamba yakakosha-nhamba, iyo yekutanga (pasina kuwana yakaoma zvakanyanya nokuda kwezviratidzo) ndeyokuwedzera mutengo wemugove nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvakakosha (mutengo x zvikamu zvakasarudzwa).
Semuenzaniso, kana Stock ABC ine 6,000,000 chikamu chakasarudzwa uye inotengeserana ne $ 15, uye kukosha kwayo muhotera iri $ 90,000,000.
Asi kana stock XYZ iri kutengesa madhora makumi matatu, asi inongova nezviuru zvuru zvezvikamu zvakaenzana, inorema iri $ 30,000,000.
Saka, muchitoro chakakosha, ABC yaizova nemigumisiro yakawanda mukufambisa kwenhamba, asi mumutengo wekutengesa, inenge isina kukosha kubva mutengo wayo wakaderera. Mimwe mienzaniso yeikoshi-inorema indekisi ndiyo inowanzodiwa MSCI yemhuri yemazano indekisi.
Unweighted Indexes
Rudzi rwechitatu rwezvikwereti zvakakosha ndeyeusingaverengeki index. Zvose zvikwata, zvisinei nokuti zvikamu zvekugovera kana mutengo zvine zvakakosha zvakakosha pamutengo wekutsvaga. Mutengo unoshandiswa muhurukuro ndeyekudzoka kwepakati pezvikamu chimwe nechimwe. Ngatishandise muenzaniso:
Iti kune matatu ematanda muenzaniso wedu usina kuenzanisa: ABC, XYX, uye MNO. Pasinei nokuti ndezvipi zvaunogovera zvawazvo zvezvikamu zvega kana wekutengesa chaiyo, unotarisa chikamu chekutengesa mutengo. Saka kana ABC iri kukwira 50% uye XYZ iri kukwira 10% uye MNO iri kusvika 15%, iyo nhamba iri kusvika 25% = (50 + 10 + 15) / 3 (nhamba yezvikwata mu index).
Iko kuverenga kunobva pachiyero chechibalo, asi dzimwe dzisina kusimba dzinotsvaga dzichishandisa geometric average average calculation zvakare. Saka saka maitiro acho aizochinja (1.5 + 1.1 + 1.15) [1/3]. Kazhinji, chimiro chejemiometric chichaita huwandu hwakaderera pane hutemiti, asi hunofanira kuva hwepedyo.
Nepo kune dzimwe mhando dzezvikwereti zvinorema - misika yemari (iyo mashesi ezvinyorwa mune imwe nhamba yezvinyorwa zvakakosheswa inowanikwa pamusika wezvikamu zvezvikamu zvakasarudzwa), nheyo dzezvikwereti zvakabhadharwa, nheyo dzakakosha-nhamba uye kunyange kutenderedzwa-kugadziriswa nheyo -, takatarira pane zvitatu zvechikamu chino sezvavari kunyanya kushandiswa ne ETFs.
Pane zvakawanda zvinokonzera kuti ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvinorema zviri nani (zvinowedzera uye zvinopera uye zvakadaro), asi iyo ndiyo hurukuro yeimwe zuva uye chimwe chinhu chaunogona kutsvakurudza kuti uwane izvo zvakakosha pakugadzirisa kwako hurongwa.