Maguta Matanhatu Anounganidza Soda Mutero asi Nhamba Iri Kukura
I "Soda Tax"
Kutanga, mutero hahushandisi soda chete, kunyanya kwete mumaguta ose anoaunganidza.
Kusvika kuitira juisi iyo kunwa pane kunogona kukuregedza iwe kubhadhara mutero. Izvi ndezvechokwadi "mutoro unonwiwa" mumatunhu akawanda, uye vane mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekuti chii chinonyanya kunwa kunwa.
Inofanira kunge ine shuga here? Kwete hazvo. Mimwe maguta - kunyange zvazvo isiri yose - inosanganisira zvinwiwa zvinogadzirwa nevanotapira mavara. Uye apo jisi iro rinonwa rinogona kunge risingaoneki sechinwiwa chinotonhora, ichiri kubhadhara mune mamwe maguta kana iri ine zvishoma pasi pe50 muzana michero chaiyo kana miriwo. Zvinwiwa zvemitambo zvinogona kubatanidzwa nemutero, zvakare.
Bhuku rekuchechechechera mwana rinowanzoregererwa, uye usazvidya mwoyo kana iwe ukakumbira shuga mukofi yako kuenda. Asi Starbucks 'Frappuccino inogona kukuwana iwe nokuti inenge yakasikwa ine shuga. Uye zvakadini newaini? Mamwe maguta haafaniri kuita izvi, zvakare, nokuti atova kutengesa.
Imitero inotengesa kubva 1 kusvika 2 cents per ounce. Izvi zvingaita sezvizhinji, asi zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo we "sugary" inwa inopfuura 75 muzana.
Mutengo we 12-pack yeCoca Cola unogona kutenga mari yakawanda se $ 2 mamwe. Kunyangwe iwe hausi wemhosva yekubhadhara mutero mumaguta akawanda, zvingangokurova iwe muchikwama chimwe chete. Izvi zvinowanzozviunganidza kubva kune vaparidzi, avo vanozopedza mari iyo kune vatengesi vanozogadzirawo mitengo inobhadharwa nevatengi.
Kune dzimwe mimwe mitero inonzi sin tax .
Ndeapi Maguta Ari Kuunganidza Iyi Mutero?
Saka iwe unofanirwa kupi kunetseka pamusoro pehuga hwehuga hwezvauri kunwa? Kubva muna 2017, maguta matanhatu akaunganidza mutero uyu kubva muna 2017:
- Berkeley, California : Kubvira March 1, 2015
- Albany, California: Kubvira Kubvumbi 1, 2017
- Oakland, California: Kubvira July 1, 2017
- Chicago, Illinois: Mutero unowedzera kune vose Cook County
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Kubvira January 1, 2017
- Boulder, Colorado : Kubvira paJuly 1, 2017
Boulder ine mutero wakakwirira pane masentimita maviri paawa rimwe chete, inoteverwa naPhiladelphia pa 1.5 cents. Vamwe vanokwereta 1 cent.
Mimwe miviri miviri yakagadzirirwa kutevedzera mutero wegore. Inotanga kushanda musi waJanuary 1, 2018 muSan Francisco uye Seattle. San Francisco ichaunganidza 1 cent, asi Seattle anoda 1.75 cm.
Nharaunda yeColumbia neNew York City inonzi inofungidzira mutero we soda, semaguta akasiyana-siyana muTexas, New York, Hawaii, Massachusetts uye Arkansas.
Nei Uchida Mutero Iyi America Inofarira?
Mubvunzo unoramba uri: Sei? Nei kuripa mutero wakadaro unoratidzika usina kuchena?
Mhinduro iri kumashure emitero yakawanda inowanzotora mari, asi maguta anokonzera soda yemutero kuda kuti tive nehupenyu hwedu mupfungwa, zvakare. Bumbiro rimwechete, Bloomberg Philanthropies, rinotaura kuti mutero unofanirwa "kuderedza kushandiswa kwevatengi kwezvokudya zvisina kunaka uye zvinwiwa, kuvandudza nzvimbo yezvokudya, uye kuita sarudzo dzakanaka zviri nyore kune wese." Vamwe vakati mutero "unoita kuti mhuri dziwane hutano .
Zvinwiwa zvinosanganisira shuga zvinokonzera chirwere chepfungwa, chirwere chechiropa, uye chirwere cheshuga chechipiri, kwete kurema kuneta uye kuora kwezino. Vatsigiri vemutero vanoti mvura inoshuga inotakura zvimwe zvechirwere chisina kunaka pane shuga inowanikwa muzvokudya, uye kunwa maawa makumi maviri ezvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvakaenzana nekumedza mapaketi 22 ehuga.
Mari Inobvepi?
Zvechokwadi, mari inogumuchirwa inokosha chikamu chekuenzanisa pamwe chete. VaFirladelphia vane hurumende vanoti mutero we sodha uchabhadhara zvinopfuura 2 000 zvekudzidzira zvikoro zvemhuri dzine mari shoma uye kuti yakaunza imwe $ 12.3 mamiriyoni mumataundi eguta mumwedzi miviri yokutanga yaive iripo. Chinangwa cheguta ndechekuwana $ 91 mamiriyoni nekupera kwe 2017.
Berkeley akapa gweta rezvokudya, vadzidzisi uye vashandi vekuchengetedza hutano kuti vasarudze kuti soda mari yemitero ichaitei zvakanakisisa.
Zvikoro ikoko zvakatove zvakabhadhara mari yekurima uye yekurapa zvikoro. Guta rinoti rakasimudza mari inodarika madhora 2,5 mamiriyoni kubva pamutero, zvishoma kudarika nhamba dzepamusoro dzePhiladelphia, asi mutero uri hafu yezana rimwe pairi muFiladelphia uye guta racho rakakura zvikuru.
The Cook County tax inowanzova 1 cent, asi inosvika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeChicago nemaguta ayo. Izvozvo zvakasimudza $ 40 mamiriyoni mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga mushure mokunge yakatanga kushanda nechinangwa che $ 65 mamiriyoni pakupera kwe 2017. Asi iyi Illinois nzvimbo iri kushanda pasi pe $ 174.3 yebhadharo yebhajiti uye vakuru vakuru vakati vaida kushandisa mari yekuvhara iyo gomba pane kuisa mari kune utano hwakanaka kana dzimwe nhau dzemhuri.
Kwete Nokukurumidzira Kwazvo ... Soda Imhosva Kutambudza
Izvo iri America, vapikisi havana kubvuma mutero we soda zvinyararire munharaunda iyo iri kuiswa. Vakawanda vanoshandiswa nevatengi vanonzwisisa zvinonzwisisika kuti mutero uri Orwellian. Havadi kuti hurumende iedze kutonga chimwe chinhu semunhu pachake sezvokudya zvavo. Vaparidzi vanopokana kuti ivo vari kusaruramisirwa.
MuFiladelphia, bhizimisi rekumwa rakaisa mhosva pamusoro peguta muna 2017, vachitarisira kubhadhara mutero. Vafengi vanochengetedza uye vatengesi vanoti kutengesa kwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka zvakanamatira zvakaderera chero kubva kune 15 kusvika ku45 muzana kubvira apo mutero we soda wakashandiswa uye kuti izvi zvakakonzera mushandi kumiswa.
Mutero uri pasi pekutambudzwa muC Cook County zvakare. Kubva munaSeptember 17, 2017, vhoti iri kumirira ne Cook Cook Board pamusoro pekuti inofanira kubviswa. The Illinois Manufacturers 'Association yakaumba sangano rezvematongerwe enyika kuti ribatsire kubviswa.
Kana vari vatengi mumaguta aya, vakaratidza kuva boka rakaoma. Chokwadi, Berkeley anozvirumbidza kuti kushandiswa kwezvinwiwa zvinodhakwa zvakaderera ne21 muzana mushure mekunge mutero we soda wakagadziridzwa, asi izvi zvinoreva here kuti vagari varo vanonwa zvishoma pasi pep? Zvose Firiladelphia neCook County vagari vanonzi vanoyambuka mutaundi nemagariro ekutenga kutenga sodas dzavo kune imwe nzvimbo. Vanotaura kuti havasi kunwa soda shoma. Havasi kungozvitenga munharaunda yavo, uye vanoda kuendesa kumakiromita gumi kuti vazvitenge kune imwe nzvimbo. Mabhizimisi emunharaunda anoti izvi zvave zvakanyanya kushaya mari nokuti, chokwadi, vatengi havasi kuenda nenzira iyo chete kuti vatenge soda. Vanotenga zvimwe zvekudya pavanenge varipo, uye vazhinji vari kuputira motokari dzavo kure nemusha pamwe chete.
Mutero Hauna Simba Kune Vagari Vagari?
Zvakadini nevaya vasingakwanisi kufamba kune rimwe guta kana taundi kunotenga? Kunyange zvazvo Berkeley inotaura kuti kushandiswa kwemvura ikoko kwakawedzera 63 muzana maererano ne21 muzana inoderera mu soda inoshandiswa, American Journal of Public Health inoratidza kuti iyi deta inotorwa chete kubva kumadhorobha emunharaunda. Iko mutero here mutoro usina kukodzera kuisa kune avo vasingakwanisi kuvhara nhengo dzavo pamwe chete kuhurumende nekushanda nzira yavo kumativi ose emutero? Vavengi vanopikisa kuti izvi ndizvo zvakaitika.
Ramba Takataurirwa
Iyi ndiyo mafungiro matsva emitero, saka ramba wakangwarira kuchinja mumutsipa wako wehuni kunyange iwe usingararami mune imwe nzvimbo ikozvino kuunganidza mutero. Imwe mutero mukuru we sodha - iyo iri muBerkeley - yakangogara yakapoteredza kwemakore maviri nehafu kubva munaSeptember 2017. Mamwe maguta angasvetuka pamapuranga panguva ipi zvayo, uye kushorwa muC Cook County nePiladelphia zvingakunda. Mutero hausi chinhu chine chokwadi chiripo muSan Francisco, kana, apo vadzivisi vari kukurudzira nharo yokuti amai-uye-pop mabhizimisi ezvekutengeserana vari kutora kusaruramisira kwavanoita nokuti vachazobhadhara vashandi vanowedzera kutarisana nehutano hutsva uye nenyaya dzekuunganidza dzinokonzerwa nemutero.
Ko soda yemutero ichabudirira uye ichapararira munyika yose here kana kuti ichagadziriswa zvachose? Nguva bedzi ichataura.