Chikonzero nei Hurumende Imitero Chivi
Federal Federal Taxes
Ikoko kune mari inoshandiswa nehurumende yemutero pamidzanga, doro, nekubhejera kunowanikwa. Iko kunewo mitambo yemadhora emafuta pamotoro, matikiti emotokari, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chokuita neutano.
Muna 2015, mitero yemadhora yakabhadhara $ 98.3 mabhiriyoni, kana kuti 3 muzana yemutero wemutero. Kubva ipapo, $ 14.5 mabhiriyoni aiva mitero yefodya. Mutero unowedzera $ 1 kune imwe yega yemidzanga.
Dorosi yemitero yakapa $ 9,6 mabhiriyoni muhurumende yemari. Doro ndeye $ 13.50 nehuwandu hwegoni. Chimwe nechimwe chinoratidza gorooni ndiro gorosi remvura ine 50 muzana doro. Waini is $ 3.40 per gallon. Bheri is $ 18 pamibhairi, kunyange zvazvo micro-breweries kuripa $ 7 pamubhairi.
State Sin Taxes
Nyika dzinogonawo kupa mhosva mitero yezvitadzo. Muna 2014, inoti inounganidza $ 32.5 mabhiriyoni mumitero yezvitadzo. Vakatora $ 16,9 mabhiriyoni mumitero yefodya. Vakagamuchira $ 6.1 mabhiriyoni echinwiwa, vewaini, uye kunwa doro. Vakagamuchira $ 9,5 mabhiriyoni emitero pakubhejera, kwete kusanganisira nyika yenotora mari.
Mitero yezvitadzo yakapa zvikamu 3.8 muzana zvehurumende yenyika yose. Vamwe vanoti vanovimba nemitero yezvitadzo zvakawanda kupfuura izvozvo. Rhode Island inobva kune mitero yezvitadzo kune 15.9 muzana yemari yayo.
Ndiyo nokuti ine mabheji matatu emakadhi. Yakarova kubhejera guta guru renyika, Las Vegas. Nevada inounganidza $ 900 mamiriyoni emitero kubva kumakasinos, asi kutadza mitero kunopa 14,8 muzana yemari. Iyi nyika inowana mari inobvumira Nevada kubvisa mitsara yemitero kune vagari vayo.
Nenyika yepamusoro yekutora chivi ndeye $ 1.58 pamutambo wefodya.
Asi iyo yakaenzana kubva $ $ 60 paki kusvika ku $ 3 paki. Mazana akaderera kupfuura ose ari muhurumende yekukura fodya yeGeorgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, uye Virginia. Vanewo vane fodya yakakwirira kwazvo. Kentucky ndiyo Nhamba 1, ine 25.9 muzana yevanhu vanofuta. West Virginia yechipiri, pa25.7 muzana. Georgia ine 17.7 muzana, North Carolina ine 19.0 muzana, uye Virginia ine 16.5 muzana.
Itareji yenyika yepamutengo yezvinodhaka ndey $ 4.56 pamaroni. I $ 0.85 yega imwe galoni yewaini uye $ 0.29 imwe neimwe gorosi rebiya.
Izvo zviviri zvinotaura nehuwandu hwemari yehupenyu uye ine yepamusoro yekutadza mutero. Alaska inokwereta $ 12.80 yega yega goroji yewaini uye $ 2 yepakiti imwe yefodya. Hawaii yechipiri, kuribhadharira $ 5.98 imwe neimwe gorosi yezvinodhaka ne $ 3.20 pamutambo wega wega fodya.
Wyoming neMissouri vane chekuita zvakaderera pamatare emitero. Wyoming haina mari yekutengesa uye inokonzera $ 0.60 yega yega pakutezera fodya. Missouri inokonzera $ 2 pane imwe gorosi yezvinodhaka ne $ 0.17 pamutambo wekusvuta.
Pros
Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvinokonzerwa nemitero yezvitadzo. Vanoodza tsika dzisina kunaka, vanobhadhara mari dzevanhu, uye ivo vanozivikanwa nevhoti.
Mitero yezvitadzo inokanganisa vanhu kubva mukuzvibata kusina kunaka . Muna 2009, hurumende yehurumende yakasimudza mitero yefodya ne $ 0.62 paki.
Vechidiki vachiputa fodya vakawirwa ne10 kubva muzana, uye zvekare fodya yekutengesa yakaderera 8.3 muzana. Pakati pa2005 ne2015, chiyero chevanhu vakasvuta chakabva kubva 21 kubva kune 15 kubva muzana.
Semuenzaniso, 10 muzana mutero wefodya inoderedza kudiwa ne4 muzana. Zvinonyanya kutaurwa pakati pevechidiki. A 10 muzana mutero inoderedza kusvuta pakati pevaya vane makore 12-17 ne11,9 muzana.
Sei nyika inoda kuderedza kusvuta? Kanzira yemaperembudzi ndiyo inokonzera kukonzera rufu. Pakati pe80 ne90 muzana yemapfupa emapapu emapapu anokonzerwa nokusvuta, maererano neNational Cancer Institute. Kentucky, nyika ine yakanyanya kushandiswa kwefodya, ine imwe yepamusoro yepamusoro yekenza yemapapu.
Mitero yezvitadzo inobatsira nyika inobhadhara mari yekurapa migumisiro yehutano hwehuwandu hwekusvuta, kunwa, uye kubhejera. Asi hurumende haishandisi yakawanda yeiyo mitero yemari pamutano wehutano sezvavanokwanisa.
Mutero wefodya ndeyewo wePigouvian mutero . Inobatanidza mari yevanhu yekudzidzisa vanhu nezvekenza yemapapu, uye inobatsira uye inotyisa .
Mitero yezvivi inowedzera mune zvezvematongerwe enyika pane kuwedzera mari kana kutengesa mitero. Maererano neCampaign yeTobbage-Free Kids, sarudzo dzehurumende nehurumende dzakaratidza "kuratidzira kuratidza kubatsirana kwevhoti" kwekutengesa fodya kunowedzera. Muna 2017, 57 kubva muzana veAmerica vakatsigira mutero wezvitadzo pa soda kana mari yacho yaishandiswa kumapurogiramu ezvehutano hwevana.
Cons
Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvikuru zvinopesana nekushandiswa kwemitero yezvitadzo. Zvinodzvinyirira, hazvibatsiri, uye hazvirevi mari yekusimudzira mari.
Mitero yechechi inodheerera nokuti inowedzera mutoro unorema kune varombo kupfuura vapfumi. Mumhuri dzine urombo, chikamu chikuru chemari inowana mari inobhadhara pokugara, zvokudya, uye kutakura. Chero mitero inoderedza kukwanisa kwavo kugona zvidzidzo izvi. Vafumi, kune rumwe rutivi, vanogona kugona zvidzidzo. Mitero inoderedza kukwanisa kwavo kudyara mumatokisi, kuwedzera kune mari yekuchengetedza mari, kana kutenga zvinhu zvepamusoro. Mitero yezvitadzo inodzvinyirira nokuti inotora chikamu chikuru chemari yevarombo.
Misipireti yemitero ndiyo inonyanya kugadziriswa mutero wemari. Varombo vanhu vanowanzosvuta. A 2015 Gallup Poll yakawana kuti vanenge 30 muzana yevaya vanowana $ 24,000 kana vashoma vasvuta. Asi 13 kubva muzana yeavo vanoita zvinopfuura $ 90,000 vakaita. Muchikamu chechikamu chechikamu chepasi-chechina chakagoverwa 1.3 muzana yemari yavo yekushandisa fodya, zvichienzaniswa ne3,3 muzana yepamusoro-pfuma yechishanu.
Chinhu chakaoma ndechokuti vanhu vane mari shoma vanowedzera kuteerera kune mitero yepamusoro yezvivi. Hafu yevarombo yakawanda yevasvuta inoderedza fodya yavo inoshandiswa kaviri pane imwe yehafu yakawanda apo mitero inowedzera mutengo. Somugumisiro, vanhu vari pasi peurombo hukwereta vakabhadhara 11,9 muzana yemutengo wokuwedzera. Asi vakagamuchira 46,3 muzana yebatsiro iyo inoyerwa nevakafa vashomanana.
Dorosi yemitero haisi yepamusoro. A 2015 Gallup Poll yakawana kuti 27 kubva muzana yeavo vanowana mari shoma kudarika $ 30,000 vanoti vanonwa zvinopfuura zvavanofanira. Hazvisi zvakawanda kupfuura 24 muzana yevaya vanowana $ 75,000 kana kupfuura vanotaura zvakafanana. Vane 18 chete muzana yevaya vari muboka rakaderera-pamba vanoti vainwa mvura mukati maawa makumi maviri ekupedzisira, vachienzanisa ne47 muzana muboka rakapfuma. Bhuku reVashandi Expenditures Rakawana kuti boka rekuwana mari yakaderera rakapedza 0,8 kubva muzana yemari yavo pane doro. Boka rakakosha zvikuru rakapedza 1.1 muzana.
Mitero yechechi haishande kune munhu wose . Vamwe vanhu vacharamba vachiputa, kunwa, uye kutamba. Ndiko nokuti maitiro aya anodhakwa. Chikamu chiduku chevanhu vanoita zvizhinji zvekushandiswa. Vashanu kusvika ku10 muzana yevanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa. Asi ivo vanosvuta 40 kubva muzana yemidzanga yose. Kuvhiringidza kwavo kunoita kuti varasikirwa neutano hwavo, mabasa, uye dzimba. Mamiriyoni emitero haagadziri. Dare reNational Bureau re Economic Research rakawana kuti mitero inofanira kuwedzera kaviri mutengo wepakiti yemidzanga yekuderedza munhu mukuru kusvuta kunyange kunyange 5 muzana.
Vamwe vanhu vanongotamira kune zvimwe zvinokuvadza kana mitero yezvivi ichikwirira. Zvidzidzo zvakawanikwa kuti vechidiki vanoshandura mariko kana nyika inomutsa mitoro yemota. Vakasvuta vari munzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro vanosarudza fodya nematefu akakwirira uye nicotine kuti vawane "bang buck."
Mitero yezvitadzo haisi iyo inovimbiswa yekuwana mari yakareba kwenguva refu yehurumende . Vanhu vari kusvuta vashoma. VaAmerica vakadya fodya mabhiriyoni 299 muna 2010, kubva pasi kubva pa456 mabhiriyoni muna 2000.
Iyo Nyika Inoshandisa Sei Imari
Muna 2011, nyika yakashandisa madhora 658 mamiriyoni pamusoro pekutengesa fodya nekudzivirira. Izvo zvisingasviki ne3 kubva muzana zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinotengwa nemutero wemidzanga. Inongova 17,8 muzana yehutano hwakarongedzwa neCenters for Disease Control.
Muna 2005, kushandiswa kwehurumende kwemishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka nekudhakwa kwakasvika $ 468 mabhiriyoni. Kubva ipapo, $ 207 mabhiriyoni akaenda kunotarisira utano. Vakapedza madhora mazana mana emadhora mabhiriyoni emari yekutonga kwemhosva. Kungosvika $ 8,9 mabhiriyoni yakaenda kunodzivirira uye kurapwa. Nekuda kwemari yose yakashandiswa pakudzivirira uye kurapwa, hurumende yakashandisa inenge madhora makumi matanhatu pamigumisiro.
Nhoroondo
Muna 1776, Adam Smith akanyora kuti mitero pamidzanga, ramu, uye shuga zvakakodzera. Izvo zvinhu hazvina kukosha muupenyu asi zvinowanzopedzwa. Hurumende yehurumende yakatanga kutengesa fodya munguva yeHondo Yenyika. Mumakore ekuma1920, mitero yefodya yakava yakawanda sezvo kushambadzira kwakawedzera nhamba yevasvuta. Muna 1951, mutero we federal waiva $ 0.08 pamapaki. Muna 1983, yakapetwa kaviri kusvika ku $ 0.16 paki, uye $ 0.39 paki muna 2002.