Chii Chinoitika Apo Vatungamiri Vatatu Venyika Vanosangana
G7 Nhengo dzeNyika uye Vamwe Vakasangana
Nyika yeG7 nhengo iUnited States, Britain, France, Japan , Germany , Italy, uye Canada Nyika yekutanga nhanhatu yaiva nhengo dzepakutanga dzeG6.
Musangano wayo wokutanga wakaitwa paRambouillet, France, muna 1975. Panguva iyoyo yaive G6. Canada yakabatana muna 1976, ichiita kuti ive G7. Muna 1997, Russia yakabatana, ichiita G8.
Muna 2013, G8 yakava G7. Ndizvo nokuti Russia yakapinda muCrimea. Mamwe maG8 nhengo dzisiri kunze kweRussia sechikamu chezvikwanganiso zvinorwisana naro. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona 3 Nzira Dambudziko reUkraine Rinokubata Iwe .
Vamwe vatungamiri venyika yose vanokokwa, kusanganisira vamiriri veEuropean Union , China , India , Mexico , uye Brazil. Vatungamiri vemasangano makuru emarudzi akawanda vanokokwawo, kusanganisira IMF , World Bank , uye United Nations .
Kuti G7 Rakasikirwa Nesimba
Muna 2008, kushanduka kwemasimba kunoshamisa kwakaitika. Kunyange zvazvo G8 yakataura pamusoro pekudya kwezvokudya , uye marudzi ose ezvakavhiringidzika zvenyika, zvakakanganwa zvachose nhamo yepasi rese yezvemari. Somugumisiro, yakaratidza kuguma kwehurongwa hwekare hwepasi uye kutanga kweimwe itsva
Musangano uyu wakaitwa munaJuly, apo Fannie naFreddie vainge vachishungurudzwa, uye mushure mekunge bhengi-chikwereti LIBOR zvinyorwa zvichitengeswa , uye Fed yakabata musangano wayo wekutanga wekukurumidzira mumakore makumi matatu ekuchengetedza mabhizimisi ekutsvaga mari, Bear Stearns. Mune mamwe mazwi, paiva nezvakawanda zvemashoko ayo vatungamiri venyika vaida kuita chimwe chinhu nokukurumidza!
Pane kudaro, G-20 akapinda mumusangano wavo uye akataurira mudzi wechinetso chacho. Vakakumbira US kuti itonge masoko ayo emari akawanda. IUnited States yakaramba, ichibvumira kusagadziriswa kwechikwereti swaps nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa kuti zviwande nyika kuva mune zvemari nematambudziko.
Mushure meizvozvo, zvakava pachena kuti nyika yeG20 yakatanga kutengesa misika, iyo yakanga ichingopukunyuka dambudziko racho, yakanga iri yaidiwa nevashandisi veyese yekutanga. Uye G20 Summit yakasimudza G8 semusangano wenyika unokosha zvikuru wevatungamiri venyika yose.
2017 Summit
Italia yakabata hurukuro ya2017 kuTarormina musi waMay 26-27. Mutungamiri Trump akabvuma kudzorera chibvumirano chekudzivirirwa. Akaramba kutsigira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Nhengo dzakabvumirana kuramba dzichiraira Russia kana ikapindirazve muUkraine. Mutungamiri Issoufou weNiger akayeuchidza vatungamiri vekudikanwa kwekufambira mberi kwehupfumi muAfrica kuvhara kubuda kwevanhu vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika. Akakumbira kupindira kuti apedze dambudziko muLibhiya. Ndiyo nzvimbo inotamira kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika kuEurope.
2016 Summit
Japan rakagadzirira Musangano we2016 kuIse-Shima musi wa26-28-28, 2016. Vatungamiri vakavimbisa kutsigira zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, kusanganisira Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership uye Trans-Pacific Partnership .
Vakabvumirana kuvandudza hutano hwavo mukati mavo uye kune dzimwe nyika. Iboka rakasimbisa hutsva hwekushandura kwehugandanga kuti husimbise kubatana. Yakapikirwa kubatsira kubatsiridza Middle East kuderedza kupera kwevapoteri kuEurope. Vatungamiri vakavimbisa kuti vacharwisana nekupisa kwepasi kuburikidza kupinda muchisimba Chibvumirano cheParis (Chinobva: "G7 Ise-Shima Summit," Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. "Japan Inopinda Musangano weChishanu weG7 weG7 Summit," Businesswire, May 28, 2016.)
2015 Summit
Germany yakagadzirira 2015 Summit paElmau Castle musi waJune 8, 2015. G7 yakaronga chirongwa chekugadzirisa zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa pasi rose ne 2100. Zvakarega kugadzira hurongwa hwakabatana hwokurwisa ISIS. Yakasiyawo dambudziko rechikwereti rechiGiriki kune EU uye IMF kugadzirisa. (Ikoko: "Heano zvikonzero 5 G7 Summit Yakanga Yakaora mwoyo," TIME, June 12, 2015)
2014 Summit
Mutungamiri weRussia Vladimir Putin aifanira kutora G8 kuSochi paJune 14-15. Pane kudaro, G7 yakabvisa musangano. Yakabata hurukuro yepamhanho muBrussels, Netherlands, musi waJune 7-8. Yakaenderera mberi nemitemo yezvemari kuRussia uye yakapa madhora mabhiriyoni mashanu mubatsiro kuUkraine. Yakavimbisa kupa hurumende yenyika kuderedza zvirongwa. Yakaratidza chirongwa chayo chokuderedza kusvibiswa kubva kune masimba emagetsi akange aripo makumi matatu kubva muna 2030 kusvika 2030 zvichienzaniswa nemazinga e2005. Izvo zvakapa humwe hutsigiro kuNyika yeHurumende yeHurumende yekuedza kuderedza zvirwere zvinotapukira seEbola uye Tuberculosis. (Mhedziso: Gungano re2014 G-7, The White House)
2013 Summit
Musangano we2013 wakaitwa musi waNovember 17-18 paLough Erne, Enniskillen kuNorthern Ireland. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa neHarare Prime Minister David Cameron. Vatungamiri vakabvumirana kuti:
- Ita musangano kuti uwane sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika kumakakatanwa eSiriya. (G8 yakaedza kukunda kushora kweRussia kupindira muSiria, mubatsiri wayo.)
- Shandai pamwe chete kuti muwane vashandisi vemitero.
- Tsigira T TIP. Kukurukurirana kunotanga kutevera Musangano. Sotsigira EU / Japan uye EU / Canada zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana.
- Dhimisa kunze kwekununurwa kuripo kune magandanga. Inenge $ 70 Mamiriyoni yakabhadharwa kuti isunungurwe kutapwa kwemakore matatu apfuura, pamusangano we $ 2.5 mamiriyoni nevakatapwa. (Kubva: Hofisi yeHurumende yeKitani, Zvichemo zvevatungamiri veG8, Gumiguru 18, 2013. "Cameron Inokumbira Kurega Kubhadhara Rudzikinuro," Belfast Telegraph, Gumiguru 17, 2013.)
2012 Summit
Mutungamiri Obama akabata hurukuro ya2012 musi waMay 18-19, 2012, muCamp David muFrederick, MD. Chinangwa chakanga chiri chekutyisidzira kwepasi rose kwedambudziko reEU, uye vatungamiri veG8 vakabvuma kuti Greece yakachengetwa muEurozone. Somugumisiro, EU yakashandura kubva pamiganho yakawanda yekusimudzira kukura. Vatungamiri vakabvumirana pamusoro pehurukuro dzakawanda, kusanganisira:
- Kuvimbisa kuchengeteka kwenyika, kupa rubatsiro kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze (methane, black carbon, uye hydrofluorocarbons).
- Kuvandudza kuchengetedza kwekudya muAfrica neNew Alliance, iyo ichasimudza vanhu mamiriyoni makumi mashanu kubva muurombo mumakore gumi anotevera.
- Ita mari $ 16 mabhiriyoni gore rose kuburikidza na2017 kuti igadzirise chikwereti cheA Afghanistan.
- Sotsigira nyika dzeArabhu mune shanduko neDeauville Partnership. (Kubva: US State Idhipatimendi, Final Update kune US G-8 Presidency, December 31, 2012)
2011 Summit
Sangano re2011 rakagadzwa neMutungamiri weFrance Nicolas Sarkozy kuDeauville, France paMay 26-27. Vakapindura kuArabic Spring kumutswa kuburikidza nekusika Deauville Partnership kukurudzira hupfumi hwezvematongerwe enyika uye mune zvehupfumi munyika idzi. Vakasimbisa kutanga-kuzivisa kwekodzero dzevanhu, demokarasi uye kubudirira kunogara kweAfrica. Mukupindura njodzi yenyukireya yeJapan, vatungamiri vakabvumirana kushungurudzika kuedza zvigadziri zvenyu uye kugadzirisa nyika dzakachengeteka. (Kubva: European Commission, G8 France 2012)
2010 Summit
Musi waJune 25-26, 2010, G8 Summit yakaitwa muHuntsville, Ontario, uye yakagadzwa neChina Prime Minister Stephen Harper. Pamusangano iwoyo, G8 yakazvipira mamwe madhora mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora emusangano weMuskoka pamusoro peMaternal, Newborn, uye Child Health. Vakanyanya kufunga nezvekutyisidzira kutyisidzira kubva kuhutukireya kuIran uye North Korea, uye mukukurudzira kugadzikana muAfghanistan nePakistan. (Inobva: Prime Minister weCanada, Dare rekuvhara kwe 2010 G8 Summit, June 26, 2010)
2009 Summit
Sangano Gurukota rezvematongerwo enyika Silvio Berlusconi rakagadzira Musangano weJuly 8-10 muAugila, Italy. Chinonyanya kukoshesa pamusangano iyi chibvumirano chekuenderera mberi nekuedza kwekugadzirisa kusangana kwematambudziko emari enyika. Musangano uyu waisanganisira nhengo dzakawanda dzeG20, dzakanga dzisina kuona imwechete yehupfumi hwehupfumi. Zvisinei, nhengo dzakabvumiranawo nehurukuro dzakawanda. Izvi zvakabatanidza: kuedza kuderedza kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kuratidzira kutsigira nyika dzeAfrica, kushandisa mari $ 20 mabhiriyoni mumakore matatu akatevera kuwedzera kukura mumaruwa, kutonga purogiramu yenyukireya yeIrish, yakatsigira kuderedza zvombo zvenyukireya muU.S. neRussia, uye yakatsigira maviri-nyika sarudzo yeIsrael nePalestine. (Kubva: Summary Summary L'Aquila, 10 Mbudzi 2009)
2008 Summit
Iyi hurukuro inokosha yakaitirwa muTokyo, Japan kubva munaJuly 7-9, 2008. Yakagadzwa neHurezidhendi Yasuo Fukuda, vatungamiri vachiri kukurudzira maonero akanaka pamusoro pehupfumi hwepasi pose pazvakavhiringidzika. Chaizvoizvo, vainyanya kunetseka nezvekuwedzera kwezvinhu, chigumisiro chekodhi-mafuta emafuta, gesi uye zvekudya. Vakatarisirawo kuti Hurukuro yeWTO Doha yekukurukurirana yaizobudirira. Vatungamiri vakataura chinangwa che 50% yekuderedza kwezvisikwa zvepasi rose zvema2050, kuti ishandure kupisa kwenyika. Kufanana nedzimwe sarudzo, vatungamiri vakatsigira kuderedzwa kweurombo muAfrica uye vakaratidza kushushikana pamusoro pezvinhu zvinopisa zvakadai seNorth Korea, Iran, Afghanistan, uye Israel, pamwe neSudan, Myanmar neZimbabwe. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona Chidimbu cheHokkaido Tokyo Summit.
2007 Summit
Zvinosuruvarisa, G-8 yakashaya mukana wakaoma wekudzivisa hupfumi hwepasi rese hwekutengesera kwenyika. Vakaramba kubvumirana nemitemo yehufambiro yehuta mari , iyo iri kunyanya muUnited States uye UK. Vakaziva kuti zvaidiwa, asi vakanga vasina zvematongerwo enyika yekutevera-kuburikidza.
Pane kudaro, Chancellor Merkel akabvumirana kusangana nematare edzimba kuti avabatsire huchenjeri pakugadzira purogiramu yekuzvimiririra yekuzvibata. Sezvatinoziva iye zvino, kushanda kwake kwakanga kusina kukwana kuderedza dambudziko repasi rose iro risina kutarisirwa hutge mari yakaumbwa.
Muna 2007, German Chancellor uye Mutungamiri weUnited States Angela Merkel aiva Sachigaro weG8 Summit. Akavhuna chibvumirano chechiitiko chekushanduka kwemamiriro okunze chaisanganisira kuunza US kuvabvumirana kuti mutemo wayo wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uri pasi pemasangano eUnited States. Kusvikira panguva iyo, maU.S. yakaramba kudzivisa maitiro ayo kumutemo weUN. Merkel akawana US kuvabvumirana ne "kufunga zvakanyanya" kuderedza kupisa kwemafuta emhepo mukati mehafu ye2050. Utungamiri weCancellor Merkel panyaya iyi yakaratidzika kuratidza kuti EU yakanga iri kuva mutungamiriri wenyika yose kupfuura US. Izvi zvingadai zvakamirira kuchinja kukuru kubva iyo inotevera-WWII Marshall plan nguva.
Zvinorevei Kwauri
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti masheti acho anoreva zvishoma kwauri. Ndizvo nokuti masheti ndiwo mukana wakakanganiswa wevatungamiri venyika dzakabudirira kuita chimwe chinhu nekugadzirisa zvinetso zvakakomba zvepasi rese. Pane kudaro, vanobudisa zvizivo zvakanyanya.
Vakawanda vanofunga kuti G-7 haicharevi vatungamiriri vechokwadi mumasimba ehupfumi enyika. Muna 2008, Mutungamiri weUne EU neFrance Mutungamiri Nicolas Sarkozy vakasangana neEU Commissioner Manuel Barroso uye vakadana kuiswa kweChina, India neBrazil mubato reG-8. Kusvika ikozvino, chikumbiro ichi chakanga chisina hanya. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, G20 yakave inhengo inokosha kupfuura dzimwe nyika kupfuura G8.