Zvii Zvatinoziva NezveVladimir Putin?
Cyberattack muSvondo reMutungamiri weUnited States
Musi waDecember 30, 2016, Mutungamiri Obama vakagadza Russia kuti iite zvekushandiswa kwemajeri munguva yekutanga kwegore ra2016 . ICIA inopomerwa mhosva yeRussia yokudengenyeka kubva kuDemocratic National Committee neHillary Clinton. Yakabudisa migumisiro, ichikanganisa kupikisa kwesarudzo yake.
Izvozvo zvakatungamirira kuKubvunzurudzwa kwakakosha kwekupindira kweRussia mumasarudzo ehurumende yeUnited States. Musi waOctober 30, 2017, Zano Rakanaka Robert Mueller rakazivisa zvinyorwa zvinopikisana nevatatu vekare vaTrump makambani makuru. Mushandi wepamberi, George Papadopoulos, akabvuma kuti akaedza kubatanidza vakuru veRussia neTrump kuti vataure nezveAmerica-Russia. Vamwe vakuru vaviri veTrump vaipomerwa mhosva yokutengesa mari yavakagamuchira kubva kuRussia-yakabatana yezvematongerwo enyika muUkraine.
Kurwisana muSiriya
Musi waSeptember 30, 2015, Putin akatanga mhirizhonga inopesana neSIS muSiria. Asi vakuru vakuru veUnited States vakati mauto eRussia akanga asina nzvimbo pedyo nenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzeIISIS.
Pane kudaro, zvakaonekwa Russia yakatsigira mutungamiri weSiria Bashar al-Assad. Kurwiswa kunoisa Russia kurwisana neUnited States, iyo yakatsigira vaSiria vemo vachirwisana ISIS naAsad. (Inobva: "Russia inotanga kutanga maAirstrikes muSiriya," CNN, yaSeptember 30, 2015.)
Kurwisa kuCrimea neUkraine
Putin akapinda muchechi yeUkraine yeCrimea munaMarch 2014.
Akati iye ari kudzivirira chikepe cheRussia chemvura chete inopisa mushure mekuparadzwa kweMutungamiri weUkraine naPutin pamwe chete naViktor Yanukovych. Russia yakagadza mauto emuganhu wekuUkraine kumabvazuva. Akatsigira vapanduki vemaRussia vakaedza kutora chikamu ichocho chenyika. IUnited States neEuropean Union yakaisa zvirango. Asi kuzivikanwa kwaPutin nevarussia vaRussia vakasimudzira kudzivirira nyika yake nechekuMadokero. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona 3 Nzira Dambudziko reUkraine Rinokubata Iwe .
Putin's Economic Policies
Apo Putin akava Mutungamiri, Russia yakanga isina mari. Yakanga ichibhadhara zvikuru kuInternet Monetary Fund kupfuura iyo yakanga iri mune mari yekunze kwemari.
Muna 2001, Putin akakurudzira kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwakawanda. Akatanga 13 kubva muzana pamba yemari yemutero. Akaderedza mutero wekambani kubva pamapfumbamwe kusvika ku24 muzana. Akachera zvipo zveSocial Security kubva ku39.5% kusvika ku 26%, uye akabvumira kudhevedzwa kwekutengeserana kwebhizimisi. Akabatanidza mutero wekusungira mune rimwe sangano, uye akarondedzera zviduku kudarika kwemitero. Muna 2002, akaregeresa mabhizinesi maduku. Naiye uye akabvumira kushandiswa kweminda yepurazi (vakange vambove pamwe chete.) Kuchinja uku kwakawedzera kushandiswa kwebhizimisi muRussia, kuwedzera kukura.
Putin akanzwa achityisidzirwa nesimba reimwe makambani uye dzidzo yakadzoka muna 2003.
Akasimudzira kambani yeYukos mafuta. Akatumira muridzi wayo, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, kuti aende mujeri nokuda kwokutengesa mutero nekunyengera. Akabatanidza Yukos pamwe nekambani yenyika yeoiri Rosneft. Putin akazotengesa chikamu chaRosneft kune vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika kune imwe nyika muna 2006. Muna 2007, akaita zvakafanana nebhangi VTB.
Chakavanzika chePutin Power
Makambani akafanana neRosneft anotungamirirwa nehurumende yevaPolin pamwe nevatsigiri. Somugumisiro, vakave vakapfuma. Izvowo ndizvo zvakavanzika zvePinin simba.
Maererano neThe New York Times, Russia yakatongerwa nehutongi humwe nenzira imwechete kubva kuma1400s. Izvi zvinokonzera kuchokwadi yekushambadzira mari yekutengesa ndiyo yakakosha kukura kukura kweRussia. Somugumisiro, maindasitiri emarudzi ose emafuta, gesi, mabhanga, uye chivakwa chemichina vakaderera. Kubhadhara mari kune dzimwe nyika kwakaderera, uye kunotadzisa hupfumi hweRussia.
Nyasha chete inoponesa ndeyekuchengetedzwa kwemabhizimisi. Aya maindasitiri anokura anosanganisira mabhizimisi ekutengesa, kuvaka, uye esimbi.
Putin anoramba achizivikanwa muRussia nokuti akadzorera kudada kwenyika. Muna 2007, Time Magazine yakamutumidza kuti Man of the Year. Putin akabudirira kushandira kuve nhengo dzeRussia muWorld Trade Organisation muna 2012. Izvozvo zvakatumira shoko kune nyika kuti Russia inoteerera kumitemo yenyika dzekutengeserana. Izvo zvakare zvakapedza hutungamiri hwevanhu uye hurumende yepasi pose inokodzera.
Putin's Pipeline Politics
Kutenda kuPolin yemapayipi ezvematongerwo enyika, Russia yakava mutungamiri wenyika inotungamirira mafuta mugore ra2011. Yakapfuura kunyange Saudi Arabia. Russia isiriwo wechipiri-mukuru mukugadzira gasi chaiyo, sezvo inotakura nzvimbo dzakakura dzepasi pose. Iko inobatawo wechipiri-makuru makuru emari emvura, uye yechisere-yakakura zvikuru mafuta emvura. Russia inotengesawo simbi uye aluminium.
Russia yakanga yakaoma-yakaoma munguva yekutambudzika kwemari muna 2008 , asi mitengo yepamusoro yeiri mafuta yakabatsira kuti iwane nokukurumidza. Muna 2012, iyo yakawanda yakagadzirwa mumunda yakakonzerwa ne $ 2.6 triliyoni. Asi huwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera hwakaderera kubva kuma1991 kusvika ku3.4 muzana muna 2012. Yakapinda mumatambudziko muna 2015 uye muna 2016.
Kudzoka kweU.S. shale mafuta uye gesi inogadzirisa hupfumi hweRussia. Gazprom, kambani yemagetsi yehurumende, inopa chikamu chekuda kweEurope. Sezvo kubudisa kwekuAmerica kwakasimuka, mafuta uye gesi mitengo yakawa. Izvozvo zvakabatana nezvisungo zvakaramba zvishoma nezvishoma nezvehupfumi hweRussia.
Zvitsuwa zveRussia zvinongopa mamwe makore makumi maviri pamatunhu anhasi. Zvinoda kuti mari inodhura iwane mari yakawanda yekuwana zvimwe zvekuchengetedza mumutambo wechando. Putin inoda kuwedzera kuvimba kune mamwe maindasitiri, akadai teknikoroni yemashoko, ndege, uye injini, uko Russia ine mukana wokukwikwidzana. Zvichida Putin anogona kukwira kune dambudziko rinoramba richionekwa.
Drive yePutin Kuti Uite Russia Mutungamiriri Wenyika
Muna 2013, Putin akabata musangano weG-20 muSt. Petersburg. Kukurukurirana kwakatenderera mberi kana US inofanira kutumira mumisasa ye missile kuti inyevere Siria kurwisa chero kushandiswa kwemakemikari, iyo yakarambidzwa mushure mekushandiswa kwavo muWWI. Putin aipikisa chero kupindira kwehondo kunopesana neshamwari yavo yeSiriya, iyo Russia inotsigira nemaoko nekutengeserana.
Muna 2006, akagamuchira hurukuro yeG-8 , achiishandisa kusimbisa basa rake semutungamiri wenyika uye kutora matanho makuru ekufambira mberi kwehupfumi hweRussia. Pamberi pechiitiko, Putin:
- Vakasunungurira ruble, vachibvumira mari kuti iendeswe nekubuda muRussia.
- Kubvumira Rosneft, hupfumi hwehurumende hune hurumende, kutengesa zvikamu paLondon Stock Exchange.
- Yakagadziriswa kushambadzira kwekambani neCanada pamusoro peEquified Natural Gas uye uranium.
- Yakaparidzirwa neU.S. Global Initiative yekurwisana Nuclear Terrorism, achidzokorora chipo cheRussia chokutengesa kuwedzera uranium kuIran.
Mushure mokunge Russia yakapinda muCrimea, dzimwe nhengo nomwe dzakavhota kunze kwehutungamiri hwevanhu.
Putin Yakatanga Basa
Putin akaberekwa musi waOctober 1, 1952, muLeningrad, zvino yava St. Petersburg, Russia. Akava chikwata chechirwere anoziva achiri muduku. Akawana digiti yemutemo kuLeningrad State University muna 1975. Akabatana neKGB, ndokuunganidza vatorwa kuti vaunganidze huchenjeri hwebazi re spy.
Akararama semushandi wepachivande muDresden, Germany, kubva muna 1985 kusvika muna 1990. Muna 1991, akasiya KGB kuti ashande kune meya weSt. Petersburg ndokuva mutevedzeri wameya muna 1994. Akabatanidza Mutungamiri weBuris Yeltsin "mukatikati" muna 1996 Aive mutevedzeri mukuru mutungamiri wehurumende yeRussia, Kremlin. Muna 1999, akava Munyori weThe Security Council.
Gare gare muna 1999, Yeltsin akamugadza kuva Prime Minister. Putin akava mutungamiri wenyika musi waDecember 31 gore iroro. Nyika yacho yakasimbisa iyo nzvimbo muchisarudzo chaMarch 7, 2000. Akakunda zvakare musarudzo muna 2004. Putin haana kukwanisa kumhanyira Mutungamiri muna 2008, saka mushandi wake Dmitry Medvedev akava Mutungamiri. Putin akatora hofisi yeHurumende. Putin akasarudzwazve Mutungamiri kumakore matanhatu emakore muna 2012.