Nzira 3 IWTO Inochengetedza Zvitengo Zvako Pasi
Chechipiri, inogadzirisa kusawirirana kwebhizimisi. Nharo zhinji dzinowanikwa apo imwe nhengo inopomera mumwe wekurasa .
Ndiyo iyo inotengesa zvinhu pamutengo wakaderera pane zvinotarisirwa kuti zviitwe. Vashandi veWTO vanoongorora, uye kana kukanganisa kwakaitika, WTO ichabhadhara zvigadziro.
Chechitatu, inotarisira hurukuro dzinoramba dzichiendeswa kune dzimwe mvumo dzekutengeserana. Chikuru chikuru chaive chichiitwa Doha kumativi ose muna 2006. Izvozvo zvingadai zvishoma nezvishoma kutengeserana pakati pevanhu vose. Yakasimbisa kukura kwekuwedzera kwenyika dzichiri kubudirira.
Kubvira ipapo, nyika dzakabvunzurudza zvibvumirano zvavo zvebhizimisi. Iyo mbiri mbiri ndeyokuti:
- Trans-Pacific Partnership inobatanidza United States. uye dzimwe nyika gumi nemana dziri kumativi ePacific Ocean. Inosanganisira Japan, Australia, neChile, asi inosanganisira China neRussia. Muna 2017, Mutungamiri Trump akabva kuUnited States kubva kuTPP. Asi dzimwe nyika dziri kufamba mberi nesangano ravo pachavo.
- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership inosanganisira hupfumi hwepasi pose, United States neEuropean Union. Kana ikabudirira, yaizoita zvishandiso zvishoma pakati pavo kusvika madhiyoni mana emadhora. Mutungamiri Trump haana kutungamira nekutaurirana.
Nairobi Package
Kubudirira kwezviitiko izvi zvakasimbisazve hutano hweWTO nokuda kwechibvumirano chevanhu vayo vose. Musi waDecember 19, 2015, WTO yakatora matanho ekubatsira varombo vayo. Nhengo dzakabvumirana kupedza zvekurima kutengesa kune dzimwe nyika. Nyika dzakaumbwa dzichaita saizvozvo pakarepo, maruva anobuda achaita saizvozvo muna 2018, uye nyika dzakashata dzichava nenguva yakareba.
Nyika dzinotsigira michina yavo yekurimisa inotora varimi vemo mune dzimwe nyika dzisina kusimba. Kana kutengeserana kuchigadziriswa, varimi vemo vanoiswa kunze kwebhizimisi. Izvozvo zvakaitika kuMexico pashure peAFTA .
Nhengo dzehurumende dzinobvumirwa kuchengetedza zvokudya kana nzara. Iyi nyaya yakauya nokuti India yakaramba kupa chirongwa chekuchengetedza kwekudya. India inoda kuramba ichibhadhara varimi vayo pamatengo emisika kuitira kuti inogona kutengesa zvokudya zvakatsigirwa kune varombo. Vakabvumirana kuwana mhinduro muna 2017. Zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvokudya zvinoputsa sungano yehutano hweWTO.
Mazano makuru emakambani ekutengeserana vatengesi vakabvumirana kubvisa mari yekutengeswa kwema 201 michina yeT IT inosvika kudarika $ 1.3 triliyoni pagore. Danho rinotevera nderekushanda pane purogiramu (Chinobva: "Nairobi Package," WTO.)
Bali Package
Musi waDecember 7, 2013, vatauriri veWTO vakapedza musangano wemazuva mana muBali, Indonesia. Vakabvumirana kurambidza tsika dzevanhu vose. Imwe ikarambidzwa, bhadha yeP Bali yaizowedzera $ 1 trillion kubhizimusi rese uye kuumba mabasa emamiriyoni 18. (Chinobva: "WTO Pact Revives Free Trade," TIME, December 9, 2013.)
Heano zvinhu izvi zvishanu.
- Kufambisa Kutengeserana - Nyoresa mitemo yepamutemo yekukurumidza kutumira. Kuderedza hurumende uye huori. Sarudzai mitemo yezvinhu zvakatumirwa kuburikidza nematokari nedzimwe nyika. IWTO inobatsira nyika dzichiri kusimukira kusimbisa teknolojia yavo nekudzidzisa vatungamiri vematunhu.
- Kubudirira - Grant nyika dzichiri kusimukira hukuru hwekuwana kumisika yakagadzirwa.
- Zvokuchengetedza Zvokudya - Zvishoma nezvishoma kubvumira nyika dzine urombo kuti dziwane zvokudya zvakawanda sezvinodiwa kuti zvive nedzimwe nzara. Tsvaga mhinduro yakareba kwenguva refu kuitira kuti nyika idzi dzisashandise tsika yacho uye dzinokanganisa mutengo wemusika wekushandisa wekudya.
- Cotton - Zvinyorwa zvekotoni zvinotengeswa (nenyika dzakabudirira) zvichabviswa, pamwe nekubatsirwa kwakadzama (kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzinotengeswa mumakutu). Izvo zviyero zvakabhadhara zvekubhadhara zvakataurirana munguva yeNairobi Round.
- Zvekurima - Kuderedza kudyidzana kunze kwenyika uye zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana.
Ipaji yeB Bali yakaiswa muWTO Membership Protocol. Vanopfuura makumi mashanu vari nhengo vakazvigamuchira. Izvo hazvina nzvimbo pedyo nechetatu chematambudziko anodiwa.
WTO History
Mhemberero yeWTO yakatanga nekukurukurirana kwebhizimisi mushure meHondo Yenyika II.
Muna 1948, Mutemo Mukuru weMitengo neHurumende yakatarira pakuderedza kushandiswa kwemitengo, kupesana nedhara, uye zvisingaiti mutero. Kubvira muna 1986 kusvika 1994, Uruguay Round yekutaurirana yakaita kuti zvisikwa zvakasikwa zveWTO zvivepo.
Muna 1997, IWTO yakaputsa zvibvumirano zvinokurudzira kushambadzira mumasangano ekufambisa mashoko mumitauro 69. Yakabvisawo mari yemitengo yekombiyuta yemichina pakati pemakumi mana. Yakagadzirisa kushandiswa kwebhengi, inshuwarisi, kuchengetedzwa uye ruzivo rwezvemari pakati penyika 70.
Iko Doha yakatanga muna 2000. Yakatarisa pakuvandudza unyanzvi mune zvekurima uye mabasa. Yakapararira kuti iise nyika inotanga kubuda mumakambani kumusangano wechina weWTO Ministerial Conference muDhaha, Qatar, munaNovember 2001. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti hurukuro dzeDhaha dzakagumburwa muCancun, Mexico, muna 2003. Chimwe chiitiko chechipiri chakakundikana muna 2008 kuGeneva, Switzerland. (Chinyorwa: "Nhoroondo," WTO.)