A Global Trade Hondo Ichasimudza Mitengo
Hondo yebhizimisi inotanga apo rudzi ruchiedza kuchengetedza mishonga yepamba uye kuumba mabasa. Mukumhanya kwenguva pfupi, inogona kushanda. Asi mukufamba kwenguva, hondo yezvokutengeserana inotenga mabasa uye kukura kwezvemari kune nyika dzose dzinobatanidzwa.
US Trade War neChina
Musi waJanuary 22, 2018, Mutungamiri Trump akaisa mitero uye quotas kune dzimwe nyika maChina masikati uye mapeji ekugeza. China isiriwo mutungamiri wenyika mune zvigadzirwa zvezuva. IWorld Trade Organization yakatonga kuti United States yakanga isisina mhosva mukubhadhara mutero.
Musi waMarch 8, 2018, Trump yakakumbira China kuti ipe urongwa hwekuderedza mari ye $ 375 bhiriyoni yeUnited States inokonzerwa ne $ 100 bhiriyoni. China inogona kugadzirisa pfungwa. Chikamu chehurongwa hwekutsvaga kwehupfumi hweChina ndechekuderedza kuvimba kwaro kune zvekunze . Asi inonyevera pane zvakawanda zvingaita, sezvo kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nehuwandu hweUnited States hwezvinhu zvakadhura zveChina.
Musi waMarch 22, 2018, mutungamiri weTrump akasungira ante. Yakaratidza kuti yaizobhadhara mitero ye $ 60 mabhiriyoni kubva kune dzimwe nyika kubva kuChina. Vakuru vehurumende vakati zvakare ichagadzirisa teknolojia yekuAmerica kuendesa kune makambani eChinese. China inoda makambani ekunze avo vanoda kutenga zvigadzirwa muChina kuti vagoverane zvakavanzika zvebhizimisi nekambani dzeChinese.
China yakapindura nokuzivisa mitengo ye $ 3 bhiriyoni muzvibereko zveU.S., nyama yenguruve, yakashandurwa zvakare aluminium, uye pipipu yesimbi.
Musi waMarch 26, 2018, mutungamiri weTrump akatanga kutaurirana zvinyararire nevatengesi vekuChina. Vatungamiri vakatarisa pane zvikumbiro zvitatu. Zvinoda kuti China idzikise mitero yayo pamotokari yeU.S.
Inoda China kuti inyore maSimiconductors akawanda eMUS. Makambani eAmerica anodawo kuwana hukuru hwehupfumi hweChina.
Musi waApril 3, 2018, mutungamiri weTrump akataurira 25 muzana mutengo we $ 50 mabhiriyoni muChinese inotengeswa nemagetsi, aerospace, nemichina. Makambani anosvika kusvika musi waMay 22 kuti arambe. Hurumende ine mamwe mazuva 180 asati asarudza kuenda mberi.
China inotsiva maawa gare gare. Yakaparidzira 25 muzana yemari yebhadharo ye $ 50 mabhiriyoni eAmerica kutengeserana kuChina. Izviwo hazvizoshandisi zvinoitika.
Zita reChina rinoshandiswa zvakananga 106 mazvigadzirwa. Izvi zvaisanganisira $ 12 biliyoni muSybebean yeUnited States. China inoda soybeans kufudza nguruve, iyo inokosha nyama yakakura. Asi China inogona kutora mahesheni eU.S. neavo vanobva kuBrazil. Varimi veUSU vanotengesa hafu yezviyo zvavo kuChina. Kana iyo misika inonyangarika, inokuvadza United States kupfuura China. China zvakare yakaparidzira dzimwe mbiri mbiri dzekuAmerica, mazino uye Boeing ndege. Yakatarisa maindasitiri ari muhurumende yakatsigira Trump mumasarudzo 2016 .
Musi waApril 6, 2018, Trump akati anogona kuisa mutero s $ 100 mabhiriyoni akawanda emitambo yeChina. Inogona kuvhara chikamu chimwechete chete chezvitatu zveUnited States kubva kuChina. Kana China ikadzorera, iyo yaizoita kuti mutengo wekutengeserana uende kune dzose dzeUnited States zvichienda kuChina.
Musi waApril 10, 2018, China yakazivisa kuti kutaurirana kwebhizimisi kwakanga kwaderera. IUnited States yakakumbira kuti China irege kusimbisa rubatsiro rwemabhizimisi gumi zvakakosha mu "Made in China 2025" chirongwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira robotics, aerospace, uye software. China inorongawo kuti ive nheyo huru yenyika yekuongorora mashandisirwo akaitwa 2030.
Gare gare zuva iro, Mutungamiri weChinese Xi Jinping akazivisa kuti aizoderedza mitengo yekutengeswa kwemotokari. Kunyange zvazvo yakabvumira Trump kuti ichengetedze chiso, iyo ingasazoita zvekutengeserana zvikuru. Vakawanda ve automakers vanoona zvisingadhuri kuvaka muChina, pasinei nemitengo. Zvimwe zvipikirwa, kuregererwa kwekuchera kwakadaro kune dzimwe nyika kushandiswa zvakananga, hazvisi zvitsva.
Zvinokonzera US Trade War neChina
Vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vekuAmerica vave vakatyisidzira hondo yezvokutengeserana neveAmerica gurukota rekutengeserana muzvinhu.
Dambudziko rekutsvaga rinoitika apo kutengeserana kunopfuura kudhura kwezvinhu.
Muna 2017, United States yakatumira $ 130 mabhiriyoni kuChina. Zvitatu zvitatu zvakakura kune dzimwe nyika dziri ndege ($ 16 mabhiriyoni), soya, ($ 12 mabhiriyoni), uye motokari ($ 11 bhiriyoni). US inotengeswa kubva kuChina yaiva $ 506 mabhiriyoni. Yakawanda yacho ndeyemagetsi, zvipfeko, nemichina. Asi zvakawanda zvekutengeswa zvinobva kuUnited States zvinotumira zvinhu zvitsva kuChina kumusangano unodhura. Imwe yadzoswa kuUnited States, inonzi inotengeswa. Somugumisiro, kutengesa kunoshungurudza makambani eSU uyewo kune dzimwe nyika.
China ndiyo yenyika yeNo.1 kunze kwenyika. Kuenzanisa kwaro kunobatsira kuti inogona kutengesa zvinhu zvekutengesa zvishoma kudarika dzimwe nyika. China ine mararamiro ezasi ehupenyu , iyo inobvumira makambani ayo kubhadhara mibairo yakaderera. Makambani eAmerica haagoni kukwikwidzana neChina mari shoma, saka inotasikirwa neUnited States mabasa . Vanhu veAmerica, chokwadi, vanoda zvinhu izvi pamutengo wakaderera. Vazhinji havadi kubhadhara zvimwe zve "Made in America."
Trump's Trade War
Musi waMarch 8, 2018 Mutungamiri Trump akazivisa 25 muzana mutengo wekutengeserana kwensimbi uye 10 muzana mutengo wealuminium. America ndiyo inonyanya kutengesa michina yenyika. Mutengo uyu waizobatsira vashandi 147 000 mubazi resimbi. Asi zvinogona kukuvadza vashandi vemamiriyoni matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu emabhizimisi anoshaiwa simbi, kusanganisira kutengeswa kwenyika. Iyo inoshanda musi waApril 1, 2018, apo kunonoka kwekutengeswa kweEU kunoguma.
Trump akati, "Hondo dzehondo dzakanaka, uye zviri nyore kukunda." Asi misika haina kubvumirana. Misika yemabhizimusi pasi pose yakawirwa nekutya hondo yekushanda pakati penyika zvitatu zvakanyanya zvikuru . Vakapora zvishomanana apo Trump vakaratidza ikoko kwaizova nekushandura mukutengeswa kwemitengo.
Somuenzaniso, Trump yakati Canada neMexico zvichange zvisingabhadharwi kusvikira NAFTA ichitaurirana zvakare yakagadziridzwa. Kanada ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekutengeswa kwesimbi yeUnited States. Mexico ndiyo yechina yepamusoro. Argentina, Australia, neBrazil zvakare vakabviswa. IUnited States ine mari yekushambadzira neAustralia.
Sezvakatarisirwa, vashandi vekuAmerica vaitengeserana vakanga vachinetsa. IEuropean Union yakati "ichaita nokukurumidza, zvakasimba uye zvakaenzana." IU EU yakati iri kutarisa mutengo we $ 3.5 biliyoni wekutengeswa kweUnited States. Mutungamiri weEuropean Commission Mutungamiri weEuropean Jean-Claude Juncker akanyevera, "Tichaisa mitsara pa Harley-Davidson, pa bourbon uye pa jeans yebhuruu - Levi."
Kanada "inotora matanho." Mutungamiri wezvokutengeserana weJapan akati, "Ndinotenda kuti hapana chakakonzerwa nekuchengeteka kwenyika yeAmerica kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvesimbi uye aluminium kubva kuJapan, iyo iri nyika yakabatana."
Trump inofunga kuti kutengesa kunodzivirira US steel uye aluminium vashandi. Inogona kuvandudza iyo maindasitiri, asi ichasimudza mari yevashandi vesimbi, sa automakers. Vachapedza mari iyoyo kune vatengi.
Trump yakashandisa 1962 Congressional simba iyo yakabvumira mutungamiri kubvisa zvinyorwa zvinotyisidzira kuchengeteka kwenyika. Ive Commerce Department yakashuma kuti kuvimba kwezvinhu zvakatengeswa zvigadzirwa zvinopisa simba reUnited States kuita zvombo. Asi Aerospace Industry Council vakati Trump's tariffs inokwidza mari yevarwi nevatengesi. Izvo zvinotengeswa zvinogonawo kutyisidzira kuchengeteka kwenyika kuburikidza nekuderedza kuwedzera kwehupfumi. Simba rakasimba rinodikanwa kuwedzera mari yekuAmerica yekushandisa mari.
Musi waMarch 26, 2018, mutungamiri weTrump akaregedza South Korea kubva munhare yesimbi. Mutendi weUnited States ndiye wechitatu wekutengeserana kunze kwenyika yesimbi. Mukudzoka, South Korea yakabvumirana kugadzirisa chibvumirano chekutengeserana cha2012. IUnited States ichachengetedza 25 muzana inotengeserana pamatori emotokari kune mamwe makore makumi maviri. Pasi pechibvumirano chepakutanga, mari yekutengesa yaizopera muna 2021. South Korea yakabvumirana kuti iwirire miganhu yayo yekutengeswa kwemotokari yeU.S.
Iyo Inokubata Sei Iwe
Hondo yezvokutengeserana yaizosimudza mitengo yemiti yakatengeswa pakarepo. Mari dzinodhura dzichikwira nemari yakafanana seyakatemerwa mutero. Iyo yaizopa mukana wokukwikwidza kune vashandi vekumba zvechigadzirwa ichocho. Mari dzavo dzaizova dzakaderera pakuenzanisa. Somugumisiro, vaizogamuchira mamwe mazano kubva kune vatengi vemunharaunda. Sezvo bhizinesi raikura, vaiwedzera mabasa.
Pamusoro peflip side, vashandi vekumba vanovimba nezvakatengeswa zvinhu zvakasikwa kana zvikamu zvingaona zvakakwirira mari. Izvo zvaizotema mukunakira kwavo. Vaizodai vaifanira kukwidza mitengo, kubvisa mabasa, kana maviri.
Munguva refu, kutengeserana hondo kunononoka kuwedzera kwehupfumi . Vanoita zvakanyanya kukanganisa, kwete vashoma, sekune dzimwe nyika dzedzimwe nyika dzinotsiva. Vashandi vanosvika mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri eUnited States vanobhadhara mabasa avo kunze kwenyika vaizobviswa.
Nokufamba kwenguva, hondo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinowedzera simba rekuchengetedzwa kwemari. Pasina kukwikwidzana kwekunze, makambani mukati memhizha haafaniri kujekesa. Pakupedzisira, chigadzirwa chemunzvimbo yacho chaizoderera muhutano zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvakasara kunze kwenyika.