Nheyo Dzakakosha dzeA NAFTA Kukurukurirana
Zuva iroro, Mutungamiri Trump akati aizotendera eCanada neMexico kubva pamitengo yematanda kana vakabvumirana neAFTA itsva. Musi waMarch 1, akanga ataura nezvemadhora makumi matatu nemakumi matatu ematera uye 10% mubhadharo pamusoro pealuminium.
ITAFTAzve kutaurirana kwakatanga musi waAugust 16, 2017. Nyika nhatu dzakanga dzakatarisira kupedzisa pakupera kwe 2017. Zuva rekupedzisira raizove raJuly 2018. Mexico inobata sarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika mwedzi iwoyo. Uyezve, chiremera cheTrump "chichikurumidza" kutaurirana chiremera chinogona kupera. Dzimwe nhengo dzeCongress dzakatyisidzira kuti dzivhare zvigadziriswa patsva.
Mutungamiri Trump akasarudza US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer kuti amiririre r United States. Hurukuro dzinotevera kuburikidza nehutungamiri hweTrump yekudzokorora zvakare NAFTA yakasayirwa musi waJanuary 23, 2017.
Mumazuva ake zana okutanga , Trump akatyisidzira kurega kubva ku NAFTA kana Canada neMexico vakaramba kudzokera zvakare. Vanoda nokuti chibvumirano chacho hachina nguva. Somuenzaniso, haritauri nekutengeserana kwema internet. Inofanirawo kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kubasa zviri mune zvibvumirano. Nokuwedzera, ona NAFTA Purpose uye History .
Kuchinja Tarump Kuzoita ku NAFTA
Mutungamiri weTrump anoda kuderedza kukanganisa kwebhizimisi pakati peUnited States neMexico.
Muna 2016, vaAmerica vakatenga mari inodarika madhora 55,6 mabhiriyoni kubva kuMexico kupfuura zvinyorwa. Dambudziko rekutengeserana neCanada ishoma.
Kuti uite izvi, hurumende inoda kubvisa kusabhadharwa kwakashata. Ichange ichikumbira kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kweUnited States mararamiro uye mazano echidziro. Inodawo makambani ane hurumende, akadai seMexico Pemex, kuti aite zvakawanda semakambani epamusoro.
Muna 2013, Mutungamiri wekuMexico, Enrique Peña Nieto, akabvumira kushandiswa kune dzimwe nyika kune Pemex. Asi kambani iyi inobva mukudada kwenyika, uye hazvigone kuve yakanyatsogadziriswa.
Mutungamiri weTrump anoda kupedza gadziriro yekugadzirisa gakava. Aya mapurisa ekugadzirisa anotarisa kana nyika yeA NAFTA ichibata mari dzavo dzekurima kune dzimwe nyika zvisina kururama. Mutungamiri weTrump anoti zvinokanganisa hutongi hwematare eUnited States. Asi Mexico neCanada vanoda kuichengeta. Semuenzaniso, US Commerce Department inopomera mapurovhinzi ekumadokero eCanada ekusimbisa matanda avo kunze kwenyika. Izvo zvinovabvumira kuti vadye mapuranga asina kudhura mumusika weAmerica. Icho chinonyadzisa makambani eSU. Dare rekugadzirisa rinotonga mukuda Canada. Dhipatimendi reZvesitengesheni rakatyisidzira kupa mutengo wemapato makumi maviri pamatanda eCanada.
US Commerce Munyori wenyaya Wilbur Ross akaratidza makore mashanu ekushanda kwezuva. Izvozvo zvinogona kumanikidzira vasaini kuti vataurezve makore ose mashanu. Bhizinesi rezvebhizimisi rakakurumidza kudzokera shure. Haizoisa mari mumitemo mitsva yechibvumirano kana yaigona kubviswa mumakore mashanu.
Ross anoda zvakare kuvandudza kutonga kwezvakabva. Inoti 62 muzana yezvikamu zvemotokari inotengeswa muNorth America inofanira kubva kuAfrica.
Asi iyo inobvumira zvikamu zvakawanda zvekubva kuAsia mutero usingabhadhari.
Zvimwe zviyero zvinosanganisira kuita kuti zvive nyore kumakambani ekuterevhizheni eUnited States uye mabhangi kushanda kune dzimwe nyika dze NAFTA. Saizvozvowo, hurumende inoda kuti vatengesi vayo vabatsire kuzarura zvimwe zvibvumirano zvehurumende kumakambani eUnited States. Panguva imwecheteyo, inoda kushandisa "Buy American" zvigadziro kuti zvipedze mafemu avo kubva mukukunda mikonti yehurumende yeUnited States.
Musi waMarch 30, 2017, rakanyorerwa NAFTA purogiramu yaida kubvumira "snapback" mutero kana mishonga yepamba yakakonzerwa nekutengeswa. Asi dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti izvo zvigadziro zvatove mu NAFTA.
Munguva yakapfuura, Trump akati aida Mexico kuti ipedze mutengo wayo-yakawedzerwa pamakambani eSouth America. Trump inotaura kuti VAT inoshanda semutero wekuAmerica kunze kweMexico. Mutero weVAT unofanana nekutengeserana kwenyika inotengeswa kumakambani ose ari mukutengeserana.
Mexico inopa 16 muzana yeVAT mutero pamabhizimisi ose ekutengeserana, zvisinei kune dzimwe makambani kana mutengi. Apo makambani anotengesa chigadzirwa chakapedzwa kuUnited States, Mexico inotsiva mutero weVAT. Asi makambani eSU anotumira kuMexico anofanira kubhadhara mutero weVAT. Trump inoti inokurudzira makambani eSU kuvaka zvivako muMexico kugamuchira rebate uye kudzivisa mutero.
Trump yakakumbira Mexico kuti ipedze chirongwa chemaquiladora. Iyi purogiramu inobvumira makambani eUnited States kuisa zvikodhi zvakadhura kumativi ose muganhu muMexico kuti iungane pamwe chete nemiti yakagadzirwa. Vanobva vabva vatengesa zvinhu zvacho kudzokera kuUnited States. Somugumisiro, maquiladoras akava nemhosva ye 65 muzana yekutengeserana kweMexico uye kushandisa 30 muzana yevashandi vayo. Izvo zvisiri pasi pevashandi veAmerica uye vakatumira mabasa kuMexico. NAFTA yakawedzera chirongwa chemaquiladora kuburikidza nekuguma kwemitengo.
Icho Mexico neCanada Vanoda
Mexico yakakumbira United States kubvumira matori ayo mumigwagwa yeUnited States. Izvozvo zvakavimbiswa musangano rekutanga re NAFTA asi yakabviswa neU.S. Congress. Mexico iri kutsvaga chirevo chekare chinopesana nehuori.
Mexico iri kusika chirongwa chekudzokera shure kana Trump ichiita zvakanaka pamusungo uyu kuti ubudise kunze kwe NAFTA. Yakatendeukira kuPacific Alliance. Muna 2011, chibvumirano chakaumba nzvimbo yekutengeserana pasina mahara pakati peMexico, Colombia, Chile, uye Peru. Muna 2017, 94 kubva muzana yezvinhu zvose zvakatengeswa munharaunda yacho yakanga isina mutero.
Canada inoda kuti United States ipedze kutengesa pamapuranga ayo uye nemiti yemichero. Inodawo kuti Boeing ape mhosva yake pamusoro peBombardier. Sangano reUnited Commerce reUnited States rakawedzera chikamu chemadhora makumi maviri nechinomwe pamatengesi eBombardier CSeries jets. Somugumisiro, Airbus inobhadhara Bombadier's plant plant in Alabama kuti idzikise mutero. Izvozvo zvinovhiringidza Boeing mukukwikwidza kunopikisana neAirbus, iyo yakakwikwidza zvikuru.
Mexico neCanada vose vanoda kuwedzerwa kuwanika kwevashandi vebhizimisi. Vachakumbira kuiswa kwekodzero dzechikadzi muchibvumirano.
Kubvira Kwaiitwa Trump Kupedza NAFTA
Trump inogona kupedza NAFTA nokuisa chiziviso pasi peChipiri 2205 cheSangano re NAFTA. Anofanira kuita saizvozvo mazuva 90 asati abvisa. Angave asingadi kubudiswa kwechibvumirano kuita izvi. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura nezveChikamu 125 cheBurisa Mutemo we1964. Inoti mutungamiri ane simba rekubvisa pamwe chete kubva kune zvese zvekutengeserana. Vamwe vanotaura nezve NAFTA's Implementation Act. Vanoti, sezvo Congress yakagamuchirwa NAFTA, inongova nekodzero yekurega. Inyika isina uncharted yenyika.
Kunyange kana United States ikatora kubva ku NAFTA, mamwe mapato maviri aigona kuchengetedza chibvumirano pakati pemumwe. Asi zvaizodzorera mutengo wekutengeserana pakati peUnited States neKanada uye United States neMexico. Izvo zvinogona kusimudza mari yekutengeswa kubva kuMexico. Pamberi pe NAFTA, mari yeMexico inotengeswa kuUnited States yaiva yepamusoro ye 250 muzana kupfuura mari yeUnited States inotengeswa kunze kweMexico. Trump zvakare akatyisidzira kuisa chikamu chemazana makumi matatu kubva muzana pamutengo wekuMexico. Nechemitemo, anogona kukwanisa kukwidza mitengo ye 15% kwemazuva 150 pasina congressal approval.
Pasina NAFTA, Mexico neCanada vangazodzokera kune vazhinji-vanofarirwa-nyika yekutengeserana . Canada neUnited States zvingangove zvadzorerazve zvekutengeserana kwavo kubvumirana t. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kubva kune dzimwe nyika zvaizoongororwa maitiro ehurumende. Panguva iyoyo, vabatsiri vangangopomera hurumende yeUnited States kuburikidza nekuita mari yavo yepamusoro usiku husiku.
Zvaizoita Kuti Ive Nehupfumi
Muchidimbu, kutengesa kunobatsira makambani eUnited States kuburikidza nekusimudza mutengo wekutengeswa kwemafuta eMexico. Vaizobatsirawo varimi veUSU. Vanokwanisa kudzorera va 500 000 - 750,000 mabasa ekugadzira zvakarasika muCalifornia, New York, Michigan neTexas. Izvi zvinongova zvishomanana zveNAFF's pros uye cons .
Kune rumwe rutivi, kutengesa kwemari kunokwidza mutengo wekutengeswa kwevatengi veAmerica. Kuwedzera kwezvipfeko kwaizowedzera semugumisiro.
Zvakatengeswa kuMexico neCanada zvingaderera. Mexico yaizodzokera kumari yakakwirira yaive nayo pamberi pe NAFTA. Mexico ndiyo inonyanya kutumira kune imwe yenyika inochengetwa muAmerica, rizi, kudya kwe soya, chimedu chezviyo, maapuro nenyuchi. Ndiyo yechipiri-yakakura kune imwe nyika inoshandiswa kune imwe nyika yezviyo, soya uye mafuta.
Varimi veAmerica vanonetseka kuti Trump ingakanganisa mararamiro avo. Havadi kurasikirwa ne $ 17,9 mabhiriyoni mumiti yezvokurimisa iyo yakatumira kuMexico muna 2016. Vatengi vavo veMexico vanozeza kuisa zvibvumirano zvenguva refu. Panzvimbo pezvo, vakawanda vari kutotengesa zvinhu kubva kuArgentina uye dzimwe nyika dzeLatin America.
NAFTA kaviri inoshandiswa pakubhadhara $ 1.15 trillion, kubva muna 2015. Yakawedzera kukura kweUnited States ne 0.5 muzana gore negore. Izvozvo zvakagadzira mamiriyoni mishanu mabasa matsva eUnited States, kusanganisira 800,000 nzvimbo dzekugadzira. Canada neMexico vakapa $ 240.2 mabhiriyoni muUnited States, apo makambani eUnited States akashandisa $ 452 mabhiriyoni munyika idzodzo.
United States inopinza $ 294.7 biliyoni kubva kuMexico . Icho chava kuda kufanana neicho chinopinza kubva kuChina. Chero kushandiswa kwebasa kunogona kutyisidzira kubuda uye mutengo wezvinhu izvi zvinotengeswa. Zvinosanganisira mafuta, michina yakagadzirwa, michero, miriwo, kofi uye kamba.
Saizvozvowo, 80 muzana yekutengeserana kweMexico kunoenda kuUnited States. US tariffs pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvekutengeserana zvingave zvakakuvadza zvikuru mune zveMarikiti. Inogona kukamanikidza vamwe veMexico kuti vatame kuUnited States.
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