Nzira yekushambadzira mabasa inobata sei US Economy

by Kimberly Amadeo

Zvinhu Zvinomwe Zvaunofanira Kuziva Nekushandisa Zvokudya

Kubudiswa kwebasa Jobho apo makambani eUnited States akashandira vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika pane veAmerica. Muna 2013, veUnited States vekune dzimwe nyika vakashanda vanoshandisa mamiriyoni 14 evashandi. Machina emabhizimisi akawanda anonyanya kushandiswa ndiwo teknolojia, mahofisi ekufambisa, vanhu, uye kugadzira.

Iyo Inobatsira Sei Kuwanda Kwemari

Kushambadzira kwaJobho kunobatsira US Makambani kukunda makwikwi munyika yose yemusika. Inovabvumira kutengesa kumisika yekunze nematare okumahombekombe. Vanoramba vachishanda mari shoma kuburikidza nekubhadhara mumisika inotarisana nemitemo yakaderera yekurarama . Izvozvo zvinoderedza mutengo pazvinhu izvo zvinodzosera kuUnited States.

Icho chinonyanya kukanganisa kwekubudiswa kwekodzero ndiko kunowedzera kusarirwa kweUnited States . Mamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu kunze kwekushandiswa kwemabasa anosvika mamiriyoni manomwe emamiriyoni asiri kuUnited States. Kana mabasa iwayo akadzoka, zvaizokwanisawo kubhadhara mamiriyoni 5.7 ari kushanda kwenguva-asi asi angasarudza nzvimbo dzenguva yakazara.

Iko kunotora basa, zvechokwadi, kudzokera kuUnited States. Vakawanda vashandi vokune dzimwe nyika vakabhadharwa kuti vabatsire nekutengesera kwekune dzimwe nyika, shamwari, uye mutauro. Inotarisawo kusashandira pano vane unyanzvi hunodiwa kune iyo nzvimbo. Ko vashandi veAmerica vangada kubvuma mari shoma inobhadharwa kune vashandi vekune imwe nyika here? Kana zvisina kudaro, vatengi veAmerica vangamanikidzwa kubhadhara mitengo yakakwirira.

Donald Trump akati aizounza mabasa zvakare munguva yehutungamiri we 2016 . Kuti aite izvi, aizodzokororazve NAFTA. Akatyisidzirawo kutengesa mitero yekutengeswa kwezvinhu kubva kuMexico nekuChina. Izvozvo zvinogona kusimudza mutengo wemiti yakagadzirwa munyika idzodzo. Izvo zvinobatsira makambani anoita zvese zvezvinhu zvavo muAmerica. Pasina mutero, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kune zvinhu zveAmerica zvakagadzirirwa kukwikwidzana nezvinhu zvisingatengeswi zvekunze.

Kuisa mitemo yekuisa basa rekuisa basa kunze kwemaitiro kunogona kuita kuti makambani eUnited States arege kukunda. Kana vakamanikidzwa kuhaya vashandi vanodhura veUnited States, vanosimudza mutengo uye kuwedzera mari kune vatengi.

Kushingairira kubuda kunze kunogona kutungamirira dzimwe makambani kutotamisa basa ravo rose, kusanganisira imba huru, kune dzimwe nyika. Vamwe vangave vasingakwanisi kukwikwidzana nemari yakakwirira uye vaizodzingwa kunze kwebhizimisi.

01 Technology Technology Outsourcing

Makambani eAmerica anotumira IT jobs kuIndia neChina nokuti unyanzvi hwakafanana apo mubairo uri muduku kwazvo. Imwe kambani inofanira kungobhadhara mari yepamusoro yeVAT Work $ 7,000 pagore muChina uye $ 8,400 muIndia. Makambani muSilicon Valley kunze kwekushanda tech tech nekutambira visa H-1b kune vashandi vanoberekerwa kunze kwenyika.

02 Call Center Kushambadzira

Mumakore makumi maviri akapfuura, vazhinji vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzakabuda kunze kweIndia nePhilippine. Ndizvo nokuti vashandi ikoko vanotaura Chirungu. Asi icho chiitiko chiri kuchinja. Kusiyana nekombiyuta yekutengesa, kune mari shoma shoma yokuparadzanisa pakati pekufonera vashandi muUnited States uye misika yakabuda .

Kutenda Kukuru Kwekupedzisira, muhomwe muIndia yakatanga kutora kune avo vari muUnited States. Avhareji call centre workers vanoita 15 muzana kupfuura vamwe vavo muIndia. Somugumisiro, mamwe emabasa aya ari kuuya.

03 Manyore Outsourcing

Kushambadzira kwehupfumi hwevanhu kunoderedza mari kuburikidza nekubatanidza zviuru zvebhizimisi. Izvi zvinoderedza mutengo wezvirongwa zvehutano hwehutano, zvirongwa zvekurega basa, vashandi vanobhadhara inshuwarisi, uye unyanzvi hwepamutemo. Kubviswa kwevanhu kwemazuva ano kunobatsira zvikuru mabhizimisi maduku nekupa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvibereko. Zvinoshamisa kuti, kuderera kwacho kunogona kukonzera dzimwe makambani ekutsvaga makambani ekubhadhara vashandi veAmerica.

04 NAFTA Job Losses

Mutungamiri Reagan vakafungidzira NAFTA kubatsira North America kurwisana neEuropean Union. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakatumirawo zvinodarika 500,000 mabasa ekugadzira kuMexico. Kurwisana kwakaoma kwakange kuriCalifornia, New York, Michigan, uye Texas.

05 Is Mexico Inobata Mabasa US?

Mexico ikozvino ndiyo yechinomwe huru yekugadzira motokari munyika. Asi izvo zvakakwira zvakasvika pamutengo wevashandi vekuAmerica here? Kana zvimwe chimwe chinhu chikonzero chaicho? Kungofanana nemvumo yekutengeserana kusununguka, zvichida?

06 Zvikonzero Zvitanhatu India Inofadza US Companies

India ine hutatu hunoita kuti kambani dzeAmerica dzikwekwe. Kutanga, vashandi vatototaura Chirungu. Chechipiri, zvunivhesiti zvaro ndeimwe yepamusoro-yakatarwa munyika. Chechitatu, mutemo waro wepamutemo wakafanana neUnited States, sezvo zvose zviri mumitambo yeBritish.

07 Nzira yeChinese Inoshandisa Sei US

China ndiyo inotakura kunze kwenyika . Asi zvakawanda zveChina zvinonzi "kutengeswa" zviri chaizvo kumakambani eAmerica. Makambani akawanda eUnited States anotumira zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, uye zvinhu zvekupedzisira zvinotumirwa zvakare. Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti makambani eUnited States anogona chete kutengesa zvigadzirwa kuChina vanhu 1.37 mabhiriyoni kana vachigadzira ipapo.

Zvichida United States inofanira kuita chinhu chimwe chete. Fungidzira kana zvigadzirwa zvedu zvose zvakatengeswa zvikamu zvakagadzirwa muAmerica? Dzimwe makambani ekune dzimwe nyika anofanirwa kudiwa kuti atevere mutungamiri wevaJapan vanogadzira motokari, avo vatotanga kuita izvi. Zvechokwadi, kana United States ichiita izvozvo, zvinoreva kuti mitengo yakakwirira yevatengi. Ndizvo nokuti vashandi veUnited States vanoda mari yakawanda yekubhadhara kuitira hupenyu hwakanaka hwehupenyu.

08 Irobhoti Chipingamupinyi Chikuru Kupfuura Kusarura?

Vashandi mune dzimwe nyanzvi dzekugadzira zvinhu vakatsiviwa nemabhoti. Kuti vawane mabasa matsva, vashandi vanoda kudzidziswa kushanda mabhoti.

Zvinhu zvitsva mu teknolojia ndezvipi chaizvo zvakabvumira kambani dzeUnited States kuendesa zvivako zvekuIndia. Kana teknolojia yepamusoro-soro, ndiyo mhinduro. Zvakagadzirwa neUnited States kupfuura kukwikwidzika sevanhu. Dzidzo, panzvimbo yekudzivirirwa, ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuti vose vabatsire teknolojia uye vagadzirire mabasa kuvashandi veUnited States.

09 Nei Uchifunga Kuti Hazvibhadharwi

Chikamu chimwechete chevashandi veAmerica vanoita zvishoma kudarika $ 10 paawa, kana vari kurarama muurombo . Zvichakadai, 1% yevashandi vakawana mari yakawanda muhuwandu kupfuura pasi makumi mana ezana yevashandi. Izvi zvakaitika muna 2005, apo hupfumi hwakanga huchiri kuwedzera. Kunyoresa ndeimwe chikonzero. Technology, kudyidzana kwenyika uye chido che "mitengo shoma" kupfuura zvimwe zvose ndeyevamwe. Tsvaga kuti sei kusagadzikana kwekupfuma kwakakwira zvikuru mumakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira.

10 Mawaniro Aungawana Mabasa muHurelance Economy

Iko mari yekutengeserana inoreva kuti makambani ari kuvhara nguva yakazara, kazhinji vakwegura, vashandi uye vachivaisa panzvimbo yavo nechinguva-nguva, rubatsiro rwemazuva, uye vashandi vanozvipira. Heino nzira yekuwana nayo mabasa muhupfumi hwehupfumi.

11 Ko Gumbo Rinogona Kudzorera Amabasa eMamerica?

Mutungamiri Trump akatarisa purogiramu yake yekugumisa kusunungurwa kwekuva mutungamiri mukuru mukugadzira basa munhoroondo yeUnited States. Akavimbisa kukumanikidza China kuti inoderedze rubatsiro rwayo uye iwedzere mari yayo inokosha. Aizodzokorora zvakare NAFTA kuti aende kuMexico kuti apedze chirongwa chemaquiladora. Aizocheka makambani kumashure nekuderedza mitero yekambani.