Zvinokonzera Kuwana Kuenzana
Vafumi vakapfuma kuburikidza nekudzoka kubva muna 2008 matambudziko emari. Muna 2012, 10% yevashandi vakadzokera kumusha 50 muzana yemari yose. Ndiyo yepamusoro muzana mumakore zana apfuura.
Vakanyanya 1 muzana vakatora kumba 20 muzana yemari, zvichienderana nekuongorora kwakaitwa naEconomist Emmanuel Saez naTomas Piketty.
Kubata kusaenzana Kwezvinhu
Kubva muna 2000 kusvika muna 2006, nhamba yevanhu veAmerica vanorarama muurombo yakawedzera 15 muzana. Pakazosvika 2006, vashandi vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri vakawana zvishoma kudarika $ 10 paawa. Mari yavo yegore negore inopfuura madhora 20,614. Izvi zviri pasi pehurombo hwemhuri yevana. Vakawanda vevashandi vashoma vanobhadhara havakwanisi kuwana inshuwarisi yehutano , mazuva ekurwara kana zvirongwa zvepensheni kubva kuvashandi vavo. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti havagone kurwara uye havana tariro yekurega.
Munguva iyi imwecheteyo, muyero mibairo yakaramba yakadzika. Izvo zvakashata kuwedzera kwekushanda kwevashandi kwe15 muzana. Imari yehurumende yakawedzera 13 muzana pagore , maererano ne "The Big Squeeze" naSteven Greenhouse.
Pakazosvika 1979 na2007, mari yemhuri yakawedzera 275 muzana yevakakosha zvikuru 1 muzana yemhuri. Yakasimuka 65 kubva muzana yepamusoro wechishanu.
Chikamu chechishanu chekutanga chakawedzera 18 muzana. Icho ichokwadi kunyange pashure pe "pfuma kugoverwa." Mune mamwe mazwi, kubvisa mitero yose, uye kuwedzera mari yose kubva kune Social Security , hurumende, nezvimwe zvipo.
Sezvo vapfumi vakagwinya nokukurumidza, chidimbu chavo chikawedzera. Vapfumi 1 muzana vakawedzera mugove wavo wemari yose ne 10 muzana.
Mumwe nomumwe akaona chidimbu chechipiri chichiderera ne 1-2 muzana. Kunyange zvazvo mari inowanikwa kune varombo ichivandudzwa, vakawira mberi shure kana vachienzaniswa nevapfumi. Somugumisiro, kufamba kwepfumi kuri kuwedzera.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act yaida kuti makambani azarure vashandi vanobhadhara. Chinangwa chayo ndechekubatsira vatinhenda kuti vawane zviri nani kunzwisisa hutungamiri hwekubhadhara hunoenzaniswa nehuwandu hwevashandi vanobhadhara Kusiyana kukuru kwaiva Marathon Petroleum. Mutungamiri wayo akaita $ 19,7 Mamiriyoni, 935 kazana yebhadharo yevashandi veMidrian $ 21,034. Mutungamiri weWhirlpool's akaita $ 7.1 mamiriyoni, makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora makumi maviri nemakumi mashanu emadhora makumi maviri nemashanu. Shamwari yevoruzhinji yeHowwellwell inobhadhara $ 50,000. Mutungamiri wayo akaita $ 16.8 mamiriyoni, kana kuti 333 nguva iyo.
Chii Chinotambudza
Kubvisa kusaenzana kunopomerwa nezvebasa rakaderera muChina , kusaruramisira kushandiswa kwemari , uye mabasa ekudengesa. Makambani anowanzopomerwa mhosva yekuisa pfuma mberi kwevashandi. Asi ivo vanofanira kuramba vachikwikwidzana. Makambani eUnited States anofanira kukwikwidzana nemakambani akaderera eChina neIndia anobhadhara vashandi vavo zvishoma. Somugumisiro, kambani dzakawanda dzakashambadzira mabasa avo epamusoro-soro nekugadzira mabasa kune dzimwe nyika. IU.S. yakarasikirwa ne20 muzana yemabasa ayo epekitari kubva muna 2000.
Idzi dzaive tsika dzekubhadhara mari yepamusoro mabasa. Basa rebasa rakawedzera, asi izvi zvakaderera zvakaderedzwa.
Munguva dzema1990, makambani akaenderera mberi kuti awane mari yakawanda yekuisa mari yekukura. Vatungamiri vanofanira kunge vachigadzira purogiramu yakawanda-yakawanda kuti vafadze vanochengetedza. Kune makambani akawanda, mari yebhadharo ndiyo yakawanda yebhajisi mutsara. Reengineering yakatungamirira pakuita zvakawanda nevashoma vashandi venguva yakazara. Izvi zvinorevawo kubhadhara zvimwe zvibvumirano uye vashandi venguva pfupi. Vanopinda munyika , vazhinji vari munyika vasingatenderwi, vanozadza zvikwereti zvakanyanya zvebhadhiro. Vane simba shomanana rekutsvaga kuti vatsvake mari yakakwirira.
Wal-Mart ndiye mushandi mukuru wehurumende, pa 1.4 mamiriyoni. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakagadzirisa mitemo mitsva yekuderedza kushanda kwevashandi uye kubatsirwa. Vikwikwi varo vanofanira kutevera kuti vape "zvakafanana".
Ichangopfuura hurumende mitemo mitemo yakabatsira vatengesi kudarika vanobhadhara mari shoma.
Kudyiswa kunoreva kudukusa kwakanyanya kudarika mumakakatanwa ebasa.
Iko mubhadharo weUnited States yakasara pa $ 5.15 awa kusvikira muna 2007. Makumi gumi gare gare, yakasimuka kusvika $ 7 neawa.
Technology, kwete kudyidzana kwenyika, inopa kusaenzana kwemari. Yakashandurawo vashandi vazhinji pabasa rekugadzira. Avo avo vanodzidzira mune teknolojia vanogona kuwana mari yakakwirira yebhadhiro.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Federal Reserve inofanirwa kune imwe mhosva. Nhoroondo-yakaderera mashizha inofanirwa kufanirwa kukurudzira misika yemumba, zvichiita kuti dzimba dziwedzere. Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, matengo emba akapararira mumakore achangopfuura. Vavhareji veAmerica vasati vane mari yakakwana yokutenga imba. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuvanhu vaduku vanowanzoita misha mitsva. Pasina mabasa akanaka, vanoramba vachigara pamba kana kune vavanogara navo.
Nokuchengetedza Pfuma yeHurumende pasi, Fed yakagadzira kuburitsa kwezvinhu zviri mumatokari. Izvi zvakabatsira 10% zvepamusoro, avo vane 91 muzana yehupfumi mumatanda uye zvisungo. Vamwe varairimi vave vari kutenga zvinhu , kutengesa kudya kwemazana kusvika makumi mana kubva muna 2009. Izvi zvinokuvadza "pasi" 90 muzana, avo vanopedza huwandu hwemari yavo pane zvokudya.
Tora A Global Perspective
Zvizhinji zvezvikonzero zvinokonzera kusaenzana kwemari kweUnited States zvinogona kuteverwa kusvika kune chimwe chinhu chinenge chiri pasi pehupfumi hwepasi rese. Emerging misika yemari inowedzera. Nyika dzakadai seChina, Brazil, neIndia , dziri kuwedzera kukurudzira munyika yose yemusika. Ndiko nokuti basa ravo rava kunyanya kuva nounyanzvi. Uyewo, vatungamiri vavo vava kunyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirisa mararamiro avo. Somugumisiro, upfumi huri kuchinja kwavari kubva kuUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira.
Ichi chinoshandura ndezvekuderedza kusagadzikana kwenyika yose . Vapfuma 1 muzana yevanhu vepasi pose vane 40 muzana yehupfumi hwayo. MaAmerica anobata 25 muzana yehupfumi ihwohwo. Asi China ine 22 muzana yenyika yose uye 8.8 muzana yehupfumi hwayo. India ine 15 muzana yehuwandu hwevanhu uye 4 muzana yehupfumi hwayo. (Kubva: "Kuongorora Nhamba uye Kuparidzirwa kweMunyika Yose Pfuma," World Institute for Development Economic Research, November 2007.)
Sezvo dzimwe nyika dzichiwedzera kukura, upfumi hwavo hunobuda. Vari kuibvisa kubva kuUnited States, EU, uye Japan . MuAmerica, vashoma vapfumi vanotakura zvakashata.
Ikoko Kune Sarudzo
Kuedza kudzivirira makambani eUnited States kubva kunze kwenyika haazoshandi. Ivari kuvaranga kuti vapindure kudengenyeka kwepasi rose kwehupfumi. Handizoita zvekutengeserana mitemo kana masvingo ekudzivirira vatorwa kupinda mune zvisiri pamutemo.
IUnited States inofanira kubvuma kuti upfumi hwenyika yose kugoverwa kuri kuitika. Vaya vari muchengeti wepamusoro webhareni yeUnited States vanofanira kuona kuti avo vari pasi pasi maviri-mashanu havagone kutakura nguva dzose. Hurumende inofanirwa kugovera pasi maviri-mashanu kuwana rubatsiro rwekudzidzisa uye yekudzidzisa basa. Icho chichange chiri sarudzo iri nani kupfuura kukura kwehupfumi hwehupfumi kana kupa ruzivo rwepasi rose .
Inogona kukwidza mitero pane wechishanu yepamusoro yekuiripa. Inofanira kuchinja idzi ikozvino kuitira kuti shanduko iite zvishoma nezvishoma uye ine utano hwehupfumi.