Mari-kukwira ndeimwe yezvikonzero zviviri zvekuwedzera kwezvinhu . Imwe inotarisirwa -kukwevera kutsika , iyo inosanganisira kuwedzera kwemari inopa .
Iyo haisi imwe yemhando dzehupfumi . Mhando ina yepamusoro yekuwedzera kwezvipembenene iri kutengesa, kufamba, kutengesa uye hyperinflation.
Mariko-kupikisa kudengesa kunoitika kana kudiwa kunotyisa . Kuda kunobatsira kana pane chido chakakosha chekanaka kana kushanda kunyange kana mutengo uchikwira. Somuenzaniso, inelastic inoda inowanikwa neine peteroli. Vanhu havagoni kutenga zvishomanana gasi pasinei nokuti yakakura sei mutengo unoenda. Zvinotonyanya kuipa kune avo vasina nzira dzakanaka, dzakadai sokufamba kwemazhinji. Zvinotora nguva kuti vanhu vawane dzimwe nzira, zvakadai sekubatana ne carpool kana kutenga motokari inotyisa. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, vanoda ruzivo rwemhepo.
Kana zvinoda kuwedzera , vanhu havazobhadhari mitengo yakakwirira. Vanongotenga zvishoma pane zvakanaka kana basa. Vanogona kuchinja kune chimwe chinhu chakasiyana kana kuti kwete kunze kwayo. Muenzaniso wakanaka weiyi misha yemhuri imwe chete. Zviri pachena kuti vanhu havagone kuita pasina dzimba.
Asi kana mitengo ikasimuka, ine dzimwe nzira. Vanogona kukwereta, kutenga zviguta zveguta kana kuti condos, kana kurarama neshamwari kana hama. Imba yepamusoro yepamusoro uye yepamusoro yekutengesa gasi ndeimwe nzira dzokuti kuwedzera kwezvinhu kunobata upenyu hwako . Nenzira yakanaka, iyo Federal Reserve inoita zvakawanda zvokudzivirira kutengesa .
Zvimwe Zvikonzero Zvokudhura-Push Inflation
Mariko-kupikisa kutengesa kwenyika kunoitika pasi pemishanu mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ose aya, chido chinonzi inelastic.
1. Kuzvimirira
Makambani anobudirira aine hurumende pane imwe indasitiri inoita mari-kusvitsa kuwedzera. Munhu mumwe chete anoderedza kushandiswa kunosangana nechinangwa chayo chinowanikwa.
Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewe OPEC , iyo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Yakatsvaga simba roga roga pamusoro pemafuta emafuta . Pamberi peOOPEC, nhengo dzayo dzakakwikwidzana pamutengo. Havana kugamuchira kukosha kwakakodzera kwechinhu chisingazogadziriswa. Nhengo dzeOOPEC zvino dzinobudisa 42 muzana yemafuta gore negore. Vanodzora makumi mapfumbamwe nezana makumi mapfumbamwe emazana emafungiro emafuta anopupurirwa . Nhengo dzeOOPEC dzakagadzira mari-kupfurikidza kuwedzera kwemazana mukati me1970 mafuta embargo . Apo OPEC yakarambidzwa mafuta muna 1973, iyo inowanikwa kaviri. Muna 2014, vatengesi vemafuta vehule vakapikisa hurumende yaOOPEC. Mitengo yakadonha semugumisiro. Nokuwedzera, ona US Shale Oil Boom uye Bust .
2. Kubhadharwa kwemari
Mari yekupera inowanikwa apo vashandi vane huwandu hwakakwana hwekumanikidzira kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwemari. Makambani anobva apfuura mari yakakwirira kuburikidza nevatengi. Indasitiri yemotokari yeUnited States yakasangana nayo apo hurumende dzebasa dzakakwanisa kusimudzira purogiramu yakakwirira. Ndinotenda kuChina nekuderera kwesimba rekubatana muUnited States, hazvina kuve mutyairi wekutengesa kwemakore kwemakore akawanda.
3. Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga .
Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinokonzera kutengesa kwezvinhu kuburikidza nekuvhiringidza kupa. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewechokwadi shure kwekudengenyeka kwenyika kweJapan muna 2011. Yakakanganisa kugovera kwezvikamu zvemotokari. Izvo zvakaitikawo mushure mokunge dutu guru Katrina . Apo dutu racho rakaparadza mafuta ekugadzira zvinhu, mafuta emagetsi akawedzera.
Kuparara kwezvisikwa zvepanyama kune rudzi rwematambudziko ezvisikwa. Inoshanda nenzira imwecheteyo, nekudzivirira kupa uye kuunza kuwedzera kwezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, matengo ehove ari kuwedzera nekuda kwekushanda. Mitemo ichangobva kuUnited States inoedza kuidzivirira kuburikidza nekudzivirira kubata kune vabati vehove.
4. Hurumende Hurumende uye Mutero
Chechina chityairi mutemo wehurumende uye mitero. Iyi mitemo inogona kuderedza zvinhu zvezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Mitero paidzanga uye doro zvaireva kuderedza kuda kwezvinhu izvi zvisina kunaka. Izvozvo zvingadaro zvakaitika, asi zvakakosha zvakakonzera mutengo, zvichigadzira kutengesa kwezvinhu.
Hurumende inotsigirwa nekutengesa ethanol yakaita kuti kuwedzera kwekutengesa kwezvokudya zvive muna 2008. Agribusinesses yakawedzera chibage chekugadzira magetsi, ichiitora kunze kwekudya. Zvokudya zvepamusoro zvakange zvakakwirira zvekuti kune zvikafu zvezvokudya munyika yose gore iroro.
5. Exchange Exchange Rates
Chikonzero chechishanu ndechekushandura kwekushandurwa kwemari . Chero nyika ipi inobvumira kukosha kwemari yayo kuwira ichava nepamusoro yekutengeswa kwekutengesa. Mutengi wekune imwe nyika haadi kuti kukosha kwechigadzirwa chayo kuregere pamwe neye chebhadha. Kana chida chiri chekushaya, inogona kukwidza mutengo uye kuchengetedza mararamiro ayo asina kumira. (Chinobva: "Mari Inoshandiswa-Inoshandiswa Pakutengesa," Inyanzvi Economist. "Mari-Inoshandisa Inopinza," Biz / Ed.)