Rayira Economy, Maitiro Ayo, Maitiro, uye Cons

Zvitano Zvishanu zveMugove Woupfumi

Murairo wehupfumi ndiyo iyo hurumende yepamusoro inoita zvisarudzo zvose zvemari. Hurumende kana pamwe chete inoshandisa nyika uye nzira dzokugadzira. Iyo haisi kuvimba nemitemo yekupa uye kuda kunoshandiswa mumari yepamusika . Murairo wehupfumi unoregeredzawo tsika dzinotungamirira hupfumi hwemadzitateguru . Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, hupfumi hwepakati penyika hwakarongeka hwakatanga kuwedzera zvimwe zvematongerwo emari.

Izvo zvinokonzera hupfumi hupfumi huri nani hunozadzisa zvinangwa zvavo.

Zvinhu Zvishanu zveMugove Woupfumi

Iwe unogona kuziva hupfumi hwemazuva ano hwakarongedzwa nehutano hunotevera.

1. Hurumende inogadzira hurongwa hwehupfumi hukuru. Urongwa hwemakore mashanu hunoisa hupfumi nehutano hwemamwe marudzi ose uye nzvimbo yenyika. Zvirongwa zvenguva shomanana zvinoshandura zvinangwa muzvinangwa zvinoshanda.
2. Hurumende inopa zvipo zvose maererano neurongwa hwepakati. Inoedza kushandisa guta guru rehurumende , basa uye nheyo dzepanyika munzira yakanakisisa inobvira. Inopikira kushandisa unyanzvi hwemunhu wese uye unyanzvi kune huwandu hwavo hwepamusoro. Inotsvaka kubvisa basa.
3. Purogiramu yepakati inoisa zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvose nemabasa. Izvi zvinosanganisira quotas uye kutengesa mitengo. Chinangwa chayo ndechokupa zvokudya zvakakwana, dzimba, nedzimwe nheyo dzepamusoro kuti zviwane zvinodiwa zvevanhu vose munyika. Inogadzirisawo nyika yekutanga. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukurudzira hondo kana kuunza kukura kwehupfumi kwehupfumi .

1. Hurumende inobata mabhizinesi makuru. Izvi zviri mumabhizimisi anofungidzirwa zvakakosha kune zvinangwa zvehupfumi. Izvo zvinowanzobatanidza mari, mari, uye motokari. Ikoko hakuna mupikisano wepamba munharaunda idzi.
2. Hurumende inogadzira mitemo, mitemo , uye mirayiridzo yekusimbisa chirongwa chikuru. Mabhizimisi anotevera chirongwa chekugadzira nekugadzirira zvinangwa. Havakwanisi kupindura pachavo pachavo kuti vasunungure mashizha emisika. (Kubva: Bon Kristoffer G. Gabnay, Roberto M Remotin, Jr., Edgar Allan M. Uy, vaparidzi.Economics : Its Concepts & Principles 2007. Rex Book Store: Manila.)

Kubatsirwa

Sangano rakagadziriswa rinogona kukurumidza kuunganidza hupfumi huzhinji pamwero mukuru. Vanogona kuita zvirongwa zvikuru, kugadzira simba remabhizimisi, uye kusangana nevanhu vavariro. Havana kunonoka nekutongwa kwemunhu kubva kumunhu kana kuti zvinyorwa zvinokonzera zvakatipoteredza.

Raira hupfumi hunogona chose kushandura hurumende kuti huenderane nezvakaonekwa nehurumende. Iyo itsva yehutungamiri inoshandisa makambani ega. Vadzidzisi varo vekare vanopinda "kudzidzoka" makirasi. Vashandi vanowana mabasa matsva zvichienderana nekuongorora kwehurumende kwehutano hwavo.

Kukanganisika

Uku kuunganidza nokukurumidzira kunowanzoreva hutungamiri hwehupfumi huchideredza zvimwe zvido zvevanhu. Somuenzaniso, hurumende inoudza vashandi mabasa avanofanira kuita. Izvo zvinovadzisa kuti varege kufamba. Zvinhu izvo zvinogadzirwa hazvisi nguva dzose zvichibva kune zvinodiwa nevatengi. Asi vagari vanowana nzira yekuzadzisa zvavanoda. Vanowanzotanga hupfumi hwemumvuri kana musika wemusika. Inotenga uye inotengesa zvinhu izvo hurumende yemutemo haisi kubudisa. Kuedza kwevatungamiri kuedza mutengesi uyu kunowedzera kuvatsigira kwavo.

Vanowanzobereka zvizhinji zvechinhu chimwe uye kwete zvakakwana kune imwe. Zvakaoma kuti varongi vepakati vatange kuziva nezvezvinodiwa nevatengi. Uyezve, mutengo unotarirwa nepakati chirongwa.

Havachakwanisi kuenzanisa kana kudzora zvinoda. Pane kudaro, kugovana kunowanzodiwa.

Raira hupfumi kuodza mwoyo mitsva. Vanobhadhara vatungamiriri vebhizimisi nokuda kwekutevera mirairo. Izvi hazvibvumi kutora njodzi dzinodiwa kuti dzigadzire mhinduro itsva. Raira hupfumi huri kutambura kuti huve nekutengeserana kwakakodzera pamatengo emusika pasi rese. Zvakaoma kune varongi vepakati kuti vasangane nezvidikanwi zvemisika yepamusha. Kusangana nezvido zvemisika yepasi rese zvakanyanya kuoma.

Mienzaniso

Heano mienzaniso yenyika dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nemutungamiri wehupfumi:

• Belarus - Iri raimbova Soviet satellite richiri mutemo wehutungamiri. Hurumende ine hupfumi hwemazana emabhizimisi ayo uye 75 muzana yemabhangi ayo.
• China - Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, Mao Tse Tung akasika sangano rinotongwa neKomonisiti . Akasimbisa pfuma yakanyatsogadzirwa. Vatungamiri vemazuva ano vari kutamira kune misika-based system. Vanoramba vachigadzira zvirongwa zvemakore mashanu ekutsanangura zvinangwa zvemari uye zvinangwa.

• Cuba - Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution yakaisa Communism uye hupfumi hwakarongwa. ISoviet Union inotsigira hupfumi hweCuba kusvikira muna 1990. Hurumende iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja kwemashamba kuti ikurudzire kukura.
• Iran - Hurumende inodzora 60 muzana yehupfumi kuburikidza nemabhizimisi ehurumende. Inoshandisa kutengesa kwekutengesa uye rubatsiro rwekutonga pamusika. Izvi zvakagadzirisa kudzokera, izvo zvisingateereri. Pane kudaro, iyo yakazvipira hurongwa hwekuwedzera simba renyukireya. Sangano reUnited Nations rakarongedza mitemo, richiwedzera kuwedzerwa kwaro. Upfumi hunovandudzwa kana kambani yezvombo zvenyukireya yakapedza mitemo muna 2015.
• Libya - Muna 1969, Muammar Gaddafi akasika murairo wekunyanya kuvimba nemafuta emari. Vazhinji veLibyria vanoshandira hurumende. Gaddafi akanga atanga matanho ekugadzirisa hupfumi hwemisika. Asi kuuraya kwake muna 2011 kwakagumisa zvirongwa izvi.
• North Korea - Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, Mutungamiri Kim Il-sung akasika hupfumi hwepasi pose hwakagadzirirwa. Yakagadzira kuperevedza kwezvokudya, kusagadzikana kwezvokudya uye nhamba dzinoverengeka dzekushaya nzara. Zvizhinji zvematongerwo enyika zvinowedzera mukuvaka mauto.
• Russia - Muna 1917, Vladimir Lenin akaputsa czars. Akasimbisa hutungamiri hwekutanga hweCommunist. Josef Stalin akavaka simba rehondo uye akakurumidza kuvakazve hupfumi mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Soviet State Planning Committee, kana kuti "Gosplan," ndiyo ndiyo yakanyatsodzidza mutemo wehupfumi. IU.SR yakanga iriwo yakareba kudarika mutemo wehupfumi, yakagara kubva kuma1930 kusvika kuma1980. Zvadaro, hurumende yakashandura pamba yekambani dzakakura kune oligarchs .

Kufambiswa kweDzidziso

Mutori wenhau weViennese Otto Neurath akavandudza pfungwa yehutungamiri wehupfumi mushure meHondo Yenyika I. Neurath yakaronga kuti ive nzira yekudzivirira huwandu hwemhepo . Mutsara wekuti "command economy" inobva kune rechiGerman shoko rokuti "Befehlswirtschaft." Yakarondedzera hupfumi hweNazikwi hweNazi. (Chinyorwa: John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, Peter Newman, Zvinetso zveMari Yakarongedzerwa 1990. p 58.)

Asi hutungamiri hwepakati penyika hwakarongeka hwakavapo kwenguva refu pamberi peNazi Germany. Vakasanganisira umambo hweInan muzana remakore rechi16 Peru uye maMormon muzana remakore rechi19 Utah. IUnited States yakashandisa mutemo wehupfumi kuti uite zveHondo Yenyika II. (Gwaro: John Gary Maxwell, The Civil War Makore muUtah.Yunivhesiti yeK Oklahoma Press 2016. "Inca Government uye Economy." Mhirizhonga Yekare muAmericas Reference Library , yakagadzirirwa naSonia G. Benson, et al., Vol. : Almanac, Vol. 1, UXL, 2005, mapeji 179-198. World History in Context .)