Kuenzaniswa Kwazvo uye Chii Chinokonzera
Kukura kwezvehupfumi kunobatsira mari yebhizimisi. Somugumisiro, mitengo yematengo inomuka. Izvo zvinopa makambani makuru ekutsvaga nekubhadhara vashandi vakawanda. Sezvo mamwe mabasa akasika, mari inowedzera. Vashandi vane mari yakawanda yekutenga zvimwe michina nemishandiro.
Kutenga kunotyisa kukura kwehupfumi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nyika dzose dzinoda hupfumi hwehupfumi. Izvi zvinoita kuti hupfumi hwehupfumi huve huri kutarisa zviratidzo zvezvemari.
Nzira Yokuenzanisa Nayo Kukura Kwoupfumi
Pakawanda mishonga yemumba ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuyera kuwedzera kwehupfumi. Ndiko nokuti inofunga nezve nyika yose yehupfumi. Inosanganisira zvinhu zvose uye mazano ayo mabhizimisi munyika ino anotengesa. Izvo hazvina basa kana zviri kutengeswa kumusha kana kune dzimwe nyika.
GDP miganho yekupedzisira yekugadzirwa. Iyo haina kusanganisira zvikamu zvinogadzirwa kuita chigadzirwa. Inosanganisira kunze kwekutengeswa nokuti inogadzirwa munyika. Inotengeswa inodzingwa kubva kuhupfumi hwehupfumi. Nyika dzakawanda dzinoyera kukura kwehupfumi kwega roga.
Chiyero chakanakisisa chekukura ndeche GDP chaiye . Inobvisa migumisiro yekuwedzera kwezvinhu . Purogiramu yekukura kweGDP inoshandisa GDP chaiye.
GDP haina kusanganisira mabasa asina kubhadhara.
Inosiya kuchengetwa kwevana, basa rekuzvipira risina kubhadhara kana mabasa asingatenderwi emisika pamisika. Hazvirevi kutengesa kwezvakatipoteredza. Somuenzaniso, mutengo wepurasitiki haubhadharwi nokuti hauna kusanganisira mari yekurasikirwa. Somugumisiro, GDP haina kuenzanisa kuti zvinodhura izvi zvinokonzera sei hupenyu hwevanhu.
Nyika ichavandudza mararamiro ayo ehupenyu kana iyo inotarisa mune zvakatipoteredza mari. Ruzhinji runongoronga zvarinoda.
Saizvozvowo, nharaunda dzinongobatsira zvavanoyera. Semuenzaniso, nyika dzeNordic dzakasimudza muNational Economic Forum yeGwaro Rokukwikwidza Kwenyika Yose . Izvi ndezvekuti hutano hwavo hunotarisa kune vatyairi vekukura kwezvehupfumi. Aya ndiwo dzidzo yepamusoro-soro, hutano hwevanhu uye hupenyu hwepamusoro. Izvi zvinoumba vashandi vane unyanzvi uye vanosimudzirwa. Idzi nyika dzine huwandu hwehuwandu hwemitero. Asi vanoshandisa mari yekusungirwa mumakore akawanda ekukura kwehupfumi. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona bhuku reRiane Eisler, The Real Wealth of Nations .
Iyi nhepfenyuro yemari inopesana neyeUnited States. Nyika yacho inoshandisa chikwereti kuti iwane mari shomanana yekukura kuburikidza nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemari uye kushandiswa kwemauto. Izvi ndezvokuti mabasa aya anoratidza muGDP.
The Phases of Economic Growth
Vatsoropodzi vanotarisa kukura kwezvemupfumi kuti vaone chikamu chei bhizinesi rezvematongerwo enyika iyo inowanikwa mune zvehupfumi. Iyi ndiyo apo hupfumi huri kukura mumutambo wakasimba. Kana kukura kuri kure nekukura kwehutano hwakanaka, inopisa. Izvo zvinoita kuti inofanise bubble . Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika kumagadziro emhuri muna 2005-2006.
Sezvo mari yakawanda inodzinga zvinhu zvishomanana nezvisungo, kutengesa kwenyika kunopinda mukati. Iyi ndiyo "nhepfenyuro" muchikamu chebhizimisi.
Pane imwe nguva, kuvimba mukukura kwezvemari kunodzinga. Apo vanhu vakawanda vanotengesa kupfuura kutenga, hupfumi hwematongerwo enyika. Apo chikamu icho chebhizinesi rezvebhizimisi rinopfuurira, chinova chekuderera . Kuora mwoyo kwehupfumi kuwedzerwa kwemakore kunotora kwemakore gumi. Nguva imwe chete iyi yakaitika yaiva panguva yekudengenyeka kukuru kwegore ra1929 .
Zvinokonzera US Growth
IUnited States ine uwandu hwezvisikwa zvepanyika . Nyika yacho yakakura yakaenzaniswa neRussia , Canada neAustralia. Nzvimbo dzekuAmerica dzekunyama dzinosanganisirawo:
- Dhaka rakasvibira muGreat Plains, inonzi breadbasket yenyika.
- Mamiriro okunze anotonhora.
- Makumi makuru emafuta, emarasha uye gasi chaiwo.
Izvi zvipfeko zvepanyama zvakakwezva chimwe chezvinyorwa zveAmerica zvakakura izvo zvayo.
IUnited States ine dunhu guru uye rakasiyana-siyana rinopa mushamba mukuru wekuedza. Inopa makambani emhuri maitiro ekuziva kuti vatengi vanoda chii. Izvi zvakapa United States kuenzanisa kunobatsira pakubudisa vatengi michina. Somugumisiro, zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvezvinhu zvinowanikwa nenyika ndezvokushandisa munhu oga .
Izvi zvinopawo makambani eUnited States mukana wokutumira kunze. Somugumisiro, United States ndiyo yechina yepamusoro-soro kunze kwenyika. Nyika yacho inotengesa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvakadai semakombiyuta, semiconductors nemichina yekurapa. Inotengesawo michina yemabhizimisi nemichina yakadai semaplastiki, makemikari uye zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum. Inenge hafu yehupfumi inobva kune zvese. Iyo inonyanya kubudirira ndeyemari yemari , uye utano hwehutano uye hupfumi hwepfungwa sehunyanzvi hwehuchenjeri.
Nzira Dzokukurudzira Kukura Kwemari
Mazhinji hurumende dzinoedza kuronga hupfumi. Nokuda kwechinhu chimwechete, kukura kunowedzera mutero wemari . Mabhizimusi anoshandirawo vashandi, achiwedzera mari. Apo vanhu vanonzwa vachibudirira, vanobhadhara vatungamiri vezvematongerwe enyika kuburikidza zvakare kuvasarudza.
Hurumende inokurudzira kukura nemitemo yakawanda yemari . Icho chinoshandisa zvakawanda, kuderedza mitero kana zvose. Sezvo vezvematongerwo enyika vachida kudzorerwa zvakare, vanoshandisa mutemo mukuru wemari kuti uwedzere hupfumi.
Imwe mitemo yebhadharo inowedzera inodhaka. Kana hurumende ichiramba ichishandisa zvakawanda uye inotora mari shomanana, inotungamirira kukurasikirwa kwemari . Inoshanda kwechinguva, asi pakupedzisira inotungamirira kumadhora makuru.
Nokufamba kwenguva, sezvo chikwereti cheGDP chinosvika zana kubva muzana, inoderedza kukura kwehupfumi. Vashandi vezvekune dzimwe nyika vanomira kuisa mari mune imwe nyika ine chikwereti chakakura. Vanonetseka kuti havazobhadharwi kana kuti mari ichave yakakosha.
Nokudaro, hurumende dzinofanira kuchenjerera nemutengo wemari wepamusoro . Vanofanira kungoshandisa iyo apo hupfumi huri muhupano kana kuderedza dambudziko. Apo hupfumi huri kukura, vatungamiri varo vanofanira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemari uye kusimudzira mitero. Iyi mitemo yemari inogadzirisa inochengetedza kuti hupfumi hwehupfumi hucharamba hwakasimba.