Tsvaga Mashoko paChiedza ChaZviri Zvese ZveMatenhe uye Maitiro Azvo Anoshandiswa
Magnesium ndiyo yakanyanya kudarika yezvinhu zvose zvesimbi uye inonyanya kushandiswa mumagariro emagetsi nemhaka yekureruka kwayo, simba, nekudzivirira kurara .
Kune maminerari anopfuura 60 akasiyana-siyana anozivikanwa kuti ave nehuwandu hwemagesium e20% kana kupfuura, zvichiita kuti hune hupfumi huzhinji huri muhutu hwepasi. Asi kana miviri yemvura ichiverengerwa, magnesium inova yakanyanya kuwanda pamusoro penyika.
Izvo ndeyekuda kwemashoko makuru ekumusoro emvura yemunyu, iyo inenge inenge 1290 mamiriyoni nemamiriyoni (ppm). Asi, pasinei nehuwandu hwayo, hupfumi hwepasi rose hunenge 757,000 matani pagore.
Properties
- Atomic Symbol: Mg
- Atomic Number: 12
- Element Category: Alkaline metal
- Kuwanda kwevanhu: 1.738 g / cm 3 (20 ° C)
- Melting Point: 1202 ° F (650 ° C)
- Dhaka rekubikira: 1994 ° F (1090 ° C)
- Kuoma kwaMos: 2.5
Mamiriro
Magnesium maitiro akafanana nehanzvadzi yaro metal, aluminium . Iyo haisi chete iyo yakaderera zvikuru yezvinhu zvose zvesimbi, ichiita kuti ive yakanyanya kudarika, asi iyo inewo yakasimba kwazvo, inopesana nehurosi uye nyore nyore inogona.
Nhoroondo
Magnesium yakawanikwa sechinhu chakasiyana-siyana muna 1808 naHer Humphrey Davy asi haina kuburitswa nemhando yesimbi kusvikira 1831 apo Antoine Bussy akagadzira magnesium munguva yekuedza kubudisa maridesium chloride.
Kugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi e electrolytic magnesium yakatanga muGermany muna 1886.
Nyika yacho yakaramba iine mhizha kusvikira muna 1916 apo mauto ehondo ye magnesium (for flares uye tracer bullets) akatungamirirwa kugadzirwa muU.S., Great Britain, France, Canada, neRussia.
Iko kukura kwepasi pose kwakaparadzana pakati pehondo, kunyange zvazvo kubudiswa kweGermany kwakaenderera mberi pakutsigira kuwedzera kwehondo yeNazi.
Kuburitswa kweGermany kwakawedzera kusvika matani 20 000 muna 1938, zvichienzanisa 60% zvekugadzirwa kwenyika yose.
Nekuda kubata, US yakatsigira magetsi matsva ekugadzira magetsi 15, uye muna 1943, yakanga ine simba rekuwedzera matani 265,000 emu magnesium.
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, kugadzirwa kwemagesium kwakawazve, sezvo vhizimisi vakatsunga kuwana nzira dzekugadzirisa zvinhu kuti vabvise dare kuti vaite mutengo wayo kukwikwidzana nemari yealuminium.
Kugadzirwa
Zvichienderana nezvinzvimbo uye rudzi rwemashandisirwo ari kushandiswa, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa magnesium metal.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvose kuti magnesium yakawanda kwazvo, zvichiita kugadzirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda zvichibvira, uye kuti kushandiswa kwemagetsi-kushandiswa kwekupera-kushandiswa kwakanyanya kutengesa, kuitira kukurudzira vatengi kuti vagare vachitsvaga mari yakaderera inogona kuwanikwa.
Magedhium inokonzerwa netsika inobudiswa kubva ku dolomite uye magnesite ore, pamwe chete nemagesium chloride ane salt brines (inowanzoitika munyu inoshandiswa).
Applications
Nemhaka yekufananidzwa kwayo nealuminium, magnesium inogona kushandiswa sechinotsiva vazhinji, kana zvisingaverengeki, zvishandiso zvealuminium. Magnesium ichiripo, zvisinei, inogadziriswa nezvikamu zvayo zvinodhura, izvo zvinoita kuti simbi inorema 20% inodhura kupfuura yealuminium.
Pamusana pekutengeserana kwemari muChinese-yakagadzirwa magnesium, US magesium mutengo inogona kunge yakapetwa kaviri yealuminium.
Inopfuura hafu yezvose magnesium inoshandiswa muAlloys neAluminium, iyo inokosha nokuda kwesimba ravo, chiedza, uye kushorwa kunowedzera, uye zvinowanzoshandiswa mumakumbo emotokari. Zvechokwadi, vanokonzera motokari yakasiyana-siyana vanoshandisa yakakanda magnesium-aluminium (Mg-Al) alloys kuti iite mavhiri ekufambisa, mapuranga ekutungamirira, mabheketi ekutsigira, zvikamu zvezviridzwa, pedals uye housings dzakawanda, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Mg-Al kufa castings inoshandiswa zvakare kushandiswa kwekutengesa uye kubatana kwekambani.
Simba rakasimba uye kurwisana kwechirwere zvakakosha kumagetsi e-aerospace, pamwe ne helikopta uye dzemakumbo emotokari mabhobho, mazhinji ayo anotsigira maglosi emagesi.
Doro uye kunwa zvidhinha hazvina zvinodiwa zvakadai semagetsi e-aerospace, asi huwandu hwemagesium hunoshandiswa mualuminium alloy inoumba matangi aya.
Pasinei nekushandisa zvishoma zvishoma zvemagesium pazvinogona, iyi indasitiri ichiri mutengi mukuru wesimbi.
Magnesium alloys inoshandiswawo mune dzimwe makambani uko kuyerwa kunokosha zvakakosha, zvakadai mumaketani nemichina yezvikamu, uye mumitambo yemitambo sebhokisi rebhoti uye hove reels.
Pamwe chete, magnesium metal inogona kushandiswa se deulpherizer mune simbi uye simbi inogadzirwa , se deoxidizer mune kupisa kupisa kwetitanium , zirconium, uye hafnium , uye se nodularizer mukugadzira nodular cast iron.
Zvimwe zvinoshandisa magnesium zvakafanana neyeode for cathodic kudzivirira mune makemikari ekuchengetedza makemikari, mapaipi, uye ngarava, uye mukugadzirwa kwemabhomba anoputika, mabhomba anopisa, uye magetsi.
Sources
Nokuda kwenhoroondo ye magnesium, tapota ona Bob Brown's History of Magnesium, inowanikwa paMagnesium.com. http://www.magnesium.com
USGS. Mineral Commodity Summaries: Magnesium (2011).
Chinhu: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/magnesium/
The International Magnesium Association. www.intlmag.org