Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi mune zvesimbi kunokonzerwa nekufamba kwesimbi inokonzerwa nemagetsi.
Maatomu ezvesimbi mashizha anozivikanwa nokuvapo kwemafoni emagetsi - electroni muhomwe yekunze yeatomu isina rusununguko kutenderera mberi. Izvo izvi 'mafironi' akasununguka anobvumira simbi kuti iite magetsi.
Nemhaka yokuti magetsi emagetsi ane rusununguko kutama vanogona kufamba nepakati pechitsiko chinoumba chimiro chemuviri wesimbi.
Pasi penyika yemagetsi, mahwendefa asingasunungurwi anofamba achipfuura nematare yakawanda sebhadhiyadhi mabhora achigunana, achidhura mutero wegesi sezvavanofamba.
Kuwedzerwa kwesimba kwakasimba kana pasina kushorwa. Patafura yemabhiridhi, izvi zvinoitika apo bhora rinorwisa rimwe bhora rimwe, richipfuura simba raro kune bhora rinotevera. Kana bhora rimwe richirova mamwe mabhora akawanda, rimwe nerimwe razvo rinotakura chikamu chiduku chemasimba.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, vatungamiri vanobudirira zvikuru emagetsi ndeyesimbi ine vhesi imwe yev valence iyo yakasununguka kutama uye inokonzera kusimba kwakasimba kupindure mune mamwe magetsi. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro emidziyo yekutengesa yakawanda, yakadai sesirivha , ndarama , uye mhangura , iyo imwe neimwe ine electron imwe yevhiriyuta inotenderera isina kukundikana uye inokonzera kusimba kwakasimba kupindura.
Semi-conductor simbi (kana metalloids ) vane nhamba yakakwirira yemagetsi emagetsi (kazhinji mana kana kupfuura) saka, kunyange zvazvo vanogona kutakura magetsi, havakwanise kuita basa racho.
Zvisinei, kana kupisa kana kuiswa kune dzimwe nhengo semiconductors yakafanana ne- silicon uye germanium inogona kuva yakanyatsoshanda mafambisi emagetsi.
Kuitisa mune zvesimbi kunofanira kutevera Mutemo waO Ohm, unoti izvo zvino zvave zvakaenzana zvakananga nemhepo inoshandiswa kumatare. Kusiyana kwakakosha pakushandisa Mutemo weOmm isimbi yekudzivirira.
Resistivity inopesana nemagetsi ekufambisa, kuongorora kuti zvakadini simbi inopikisa kubuda kwemagetsi. Izvi zvinowanzoyerwa kumativi akasiyana-siyana emamera emamita emamwe ezvinyorwa uye inotsanangurwa se ohm mamita (Ω⋅m). Resistivity inowanzomirirwa neChiGiriki tsamba rho (ρ).
Kushandisa magetsi, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinowanzoyerwa ne-siemens pamamita (S⋅m -1 ) uye inomiririrwa nechiGiriki tsamba sigma (σ). Imwe siemens yakaenzana nekudzoka kweimwe ohm.
Kushanda nekugadzikana muMatunhu
Material | Resistivity | Kubudirira |
|---|---|---|
| Sirivha | 1.59x10 -8 | 6.30x10 7 |
| Copper | 1.68x10 -8 | 5.98x10 7 |
| Nechipu | 1.72x10 -8 | 5.80x10 7 |
| Ndarama | 2.44x10 -8 | 4.52x10 7 |
| Aluminium | 2.82x10 -8 | 3.5x10 7 |
| Calcium | 3.36x10 -8 | 2.82x10 7 |
| Beryllium | 4.00x10 -8 | 2.500x10 7 |
| Rhodium | 4.49x10 -8 | 2.23x10 7 |
| Magnesium | 4.66x10 -8 | 2.15x10 7 |
| Molybdenum | 5.225x10 -8 | 1.914x10 7 |
| Iridium | 5.289x10 -8 | 1.891x10 7 |
| Tungsten | 5.49x10 -8 | 1.82x10 7 |
| Zinc | 5.945x10 -8 | 1.682x10 7 |
| Cobalt | 6.25x10 -8 | 1.60x10 7 |
| Cadmium | 6.84x10 -8 | 1.46 7 |
| Nickel (electrolytic) | 6.84x10 -8 | 1.46x10 7 |
| Ruthenium | 7.595x10 -8 | 1.31x10 7 |
| Lithium | 8.54x10 -8 | 1.17x10 7 |
| Iron | 9.58x10 -8 | 1.04x10 7 |
| Platinum | 1.06x10 -7 | 9.44x10 6 |
| Palladium | 1.08x10 -7 | 9.28x10 6 |
| Tin | 1.15x10 -7 | 8.7x10 6 |
| Selenium | 1.197x10 -7 | 8.35x10 6 |
| Tantalum | 1.24x10 -7 | 8.06x10 6 |
| Niobium | 1.31x10 -7 | 7.66x10 6 |
| Sirasi (Yakasikwa) | 1.61x10 -7 | 6.21x10 6 |
| Chromium | 1.96x10 -7 | 5.10x10 6 |
| Tungamira | 2.05x10 -7 | 4.87x10 6 |
| Vanadium | 2.61x10 -7 | 3.83x10 6 |
| Uranium | 2.87x10 -7 | 3.48x10 6 |
| Antimony * | 3.92x10 -7 | 2.55x10 6 |
| Zirconium | 4.105x10 -7 | 2.44x10 6 |
| Titanium | 5.56x10 -7 | 1.798x10 6 |
| Mercury | 9.58x10 -7 | 1.044x10 6 |
| Germanium * | 4.6x10 -1 | 2.17 |
| Silicon * | 6.40x10 2 | 1.56x10 -3 |
* Cherechedza: The resistivity of semiconductors (metalloids) inonyanya kuvimba nehupo hwekusachena mune zvinyorwa.
Chart Source Data
Eddy Current Technology Inc.
URL: http://eddy-current.com/conductivity-of-metals-sorted-by-resistivity/
Wikipedia: Magetsi
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivity