Zvinhu Zvakatibatanidza Tose
Kunyange zvazvo magetsi ayo ane simba, pamwe chete nemaructility ayo uye kusagadzikana, akabatsira mhangura kuva chinhu chinokosha chekutengesa kwenyika. Iine ruvara rwakaisvonaka runofadza (iyo inonyanya kusvibisa kune gritty green patina ) iyo inoitawo kuti metal ive chinhu chakanakidzwa chevanyori uye mapurani.
Proper Properties
- Simba : Mhangura isimbi yakashata ine simba rakasimba pamusoro pehafu yesimbi yakakonzera carbon. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei mhangura inoshandiswa nyore nyore nemaoko asi haisi chisarudzo chakanaka chekugadzirisa maitiro.
- Kuoma : Copper inogona kunge isingave yakasimba, asi hazvisi nyore kuputsa nemhaka yekuoma kwayo. Iyi pfuma inouya yakakosha yepiping uye tube applications, apo kuputika kunogona kuva nengozi uye kunodhura.
- Ductility : Mhangura yakanyanya ductile uye inogonawo kumira . Mashizha emagetsi uye mabhesi anobatsirwa nehutu hwemhangura.
- Kubudirira: Chechipiri chete kune sirivha, mhangura haisi chete mutungamiri akanaka wemagetsi asiwo wehuni. Somugumisiro, mhangura inoshanda zvakanaka mumashandisirwo akadai semakabiro, iyo inokurumidza kupisa kupisa kune zvokudya mukati.
Nhoroondo
Mhangura, maererano nezvakawanikwa mumatongo, ndiyo yekutanga yakashandiswa neNeolithic vanhu kuti vatsigire matombo ake emabwe makore anodarika gumi akapfuura.
Ruzhinji rwemhangura rwakapfigirwa muUmambo hweRoma rwakabva kuCyprus uye yainzi Cyprium kana kuti Later Cuprum, saka zita remazuva ano, mhangura.
Munenge muna 5000 BC, mhangura, shandi yemhangura uye tini, yakaunza nguva itsva yekuita nyore nemhangura. Copper's antibacterial properties yakashandiswa muIjipiti yekare kunwisa mvura nekudzivirira zvirwere.
Pakazosvika mazana matanhatu BC, mhangura yakaonawo kushandiswa kwayo kwekutanga sepakati pekutsinhanisa mari.
Mhangura muMusika
Maererano neCopper.org, nzvimbo dzakakwirira nhatu dzeNorth America kushandiswa kwemhangura dziri kuvaka tambo, kupinza mabomba uye kupisa, motokari, simba rezvemhepo, mhepo yekufema uye firiji, uye kuterevhizheni. I International Copper Association inofungidzira kuti pasi rose kushandiswa muna 2014 kwaive mamiriyoni 21 emamiriyoni ematani.
Mhangura inotorwa kubva kune yakawanda yakawanda mumhangura sulfides, iyo inodyiwa nhasi kubva kumakomba makuru akazaruka muSouth America, North America, Asia, Africa uye Middle East. Pashure pokugadziridzwa, mhangura inogona kutengeswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabhizimisi kana semakateti emhangura, izvo zvinhu zvinotengeswa pa COMEX, LME, uye SHFE. Mhangura inoshandiswa zvakare zvakare, inopa imwe mhangura yemhangura kunze kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakachengetwa izvo zvino zvisingakwanisi.
Common Alloys
- Bhronzi : 88-95% Cu nokuyera. Inoshandiswa mumari, masimbi, uye mifananidzo.
- Aluminiyumu yendarira: 74-95% Cu nokuyera. Kupisa kwekukura kwepamusoro kunopfuura nguva dzose yebhron uye inobatsira muzvidzidzo zvegungwa.
- Brass : ine mazamu akawanda akakura ane 50-90% Cu nokuyera. Yakagadzirwa muzvinhu zvose kubva pamakadhi emakadhi kusvika kumahombodo.
- Cupronickel : 55-90% Cu nokurema. Inoshandiswa mumari, marine applications, uye nziyo dzokuimbira.
- Nickel sirivha: 60% Cu nokurema. Hauna chevhavha, asi ine maitiro akafanana. Inowanzoitwa zviridzwa zvemimhanzi uye zvishongo.
- Beryllium mhangura : 97-99.5% Cu nokurema. Inoshamisa asi yakasimba asi inopisa cheyimbi yendarira isingaiti, ichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka kuti ishandiswe mumamiriro ezvinhu emagetsi ane ngozi.
Mashoko Anofadza
- Kunyange zvazvo mhangura iri mutungamiri mukuru wemagetsi, mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi munyika anoitwa eine aluminium nekuda kwekudhura kwayo kwakaderera uye kubudirira kwakadaro.
- Mhangura yakabvunzwa nenzira yakachena kwazvo ne 4000 BC muLake Superior nzvimbo muUnited States. Vagari vemunharaunda vaishandiswa nesimbi yezvombo uye zvishandiso, uye kubva kuma1840 kusvika muna 1969, Copper Harbour yaiva imwe yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzekumigodhi dzemigodhi munyika yose.
- Chirevo cheRuberty chakafukidzirwa mumapirogiramu anopfuura 62 000 emhangura! Chimiro chavo chemavara chine ruvara chinonzi patina, chigumisiro chekutsvaga kumhepo mumakore makumi maviri okutanga.