Properties
- Alloy Type: Binary
- Zviripo: Copper & Zinc
- Kuwedzera: 8.3-8.7 g / cm 3
- Melting Point: 1652-1724 ° F (900-940 ° C)
- Kuoma kwaMos: 3-4
Mamiriro
Iyo chaiyo yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhangura inofanirwa nekuumbwa kwesimbi yendarira, kunyanya yemhangura-zinc chiyero.
Muzvizhinji, zvisinei, zvose zvendarira zvinokosheswa nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwavo kana kusununguka kwekuti simbi inogona kuumbwa kuti ive maumbirwo aidiwa uye maitiro apo ichichengetedza simba rakasimba.
Nepo kune kusiyana pakati pebhuru uye nepamusoro uye pasi zinc zviri mukati, zvose zvendarira zvinonzi zvisingatauriki uye ductile (low zinc brasses zvakanyanya). Pamusana pekudzika kwayo kwepasi, shavha inogonawo kukandwa nyore nyore. Zvisinei, pakukanda mapurojekiti, iyo yakakwirira zincidhi inowanzodiwa.
Brasses ine zviduku zvezinga zvezinga zvinogona kushandiswa nyore nyore, zvakasungirirwa uye zvakasungwa. Iyo yakagadzirwa nemhangura yakawanda inobvumirawo simbi kuti igadzire yakachengetedza mhepo yakadzivirira (patina) pamusoro penzvimbo iyo varindi vanorwisana nekuwedzera marara, chinhu chinokosha mumashandisirwo anoratidza kuti simbi inopisa uye inononoka.
Iyo simbi ine huni hwakanaka uye hurumende conductivity (iyo inogadzirwa nemagetsi inogona kubva kubva ku23 kusvika ku44% yemhangura yakachena), uye iyo inopfeka uye inokonzera kusagadzikana.
Kufanana nemhangura, mabhakitiriro ayo anokonzera kushandiswa kwayo muzvigadziro zvekugezera uye zvipatara zvekuchengetedza utano.
Brass inonzi inopesana uye isiri-magnetic alloy, nepo masimba ayo achiratidza kushandiswa kwayo mune zvakawanda zve "brass band" zviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Vanyori nevakagadziri vanokoshesa zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvakagadziriswa, sezvo zvinogona kubudiswa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakadzika tsvuku kusvika kune goridhe yellow.
Nhoroondo
Mhangura-zinc alloys yakagadzirwa sekutanga kwezana remakore rechi5 BC muChina uye raishandiswa zvikuru pakati neAsia nezana remakore rechipiri nerechitatu BC. Izvi zvipfeko zvesimbi zvishongo, zvisinei, zvingave zvakanakisisa zvichitumidzwa se'zvinyorwa zvepanyama ', sezvo pasina humwe uchapupu hwokuti vashandi vavo vanoziva vakashandisa mhangura uye zinc. Pane kudaro, zvingangove kuti zvinyorwa izvi zvakasvibiswa neZinc-rich rich copper, zvichibudisa mhangura isina kuchena-semasimbi.
Zvinyorwa zvechiGiriki uye zveRoma zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirira kwekuzvipira kwemaalloysia akafanana nesimbi yemazuva ano, achishandisa mhangura uye zinc oxide-rich ore inozivikanwa sejasine, yakaitika kumakore ekutanga BC. Calamine ndarira yakabudiswa uchishandisa ganda, iyo yakagadzirwa nemhangura mu crucible nevhu smithsonite (kana calamine) ore.
Pakupisa kunotyisa, zinc inowanikwa mumhepo yakadaro inoshanduka kuva mhepo uye inoputira mhangura, zvichidaro inogadzira ndarira yakachena ine 17-30% zinc yehuwandu. Iyi nzira yekushandiswa kwemhangura yakashandiswa kwemakore anenge 2000 kusvika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. Pasina nguva mushure mokunge vaRoma vaona kuti vangagadzira sei ndarira, iyo yenzizi yakanga iri kushandiswa mari kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeTurkey yanhasi. Izvi zvakakurumidza kupararira muUmambo hwose hweRoma.
Aina
'Brass' ishoko rechiito rinoreva kureba kwemhangura-zinc alloys.
Mukati, kune marudzi anopfuura makumi matanhatu emhangura yakataurwa neE (European Norm) Maitiro. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinogona kuva nezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinodiwa kune imwe shanduro.
Kugadzirwa
Bhongo inowanzobudiswa kubva mumatehwe emhangura uye zinc ingots. Tsvina yemhangura yakasarudzwa zvichienderana nekusvibiswa kwayo, sekune zvimwe zvikamu zvinowanikwa zvinodiwa kuitira kuti ibudise chaiyo yegorosi yendarira inoda.
Nokuti zinc inotanga kubika uye inopisa pa1665 ° F (907 ° C), pasi pemhepo yakanyungudutswa yemhangura 1981 ° F (1083 ° C), mhangura inofanira kutanga inyauswa. Kana imwe yanyunguduka, zinc yakawedzerwa pane chiyero chakanaka chechigadzirwa chendarira chinobudiswa. Nepo imwe nguva mvumo ichiri kuitirwa zinc kurasikirwa kupisa.
Parizvino, chero ipi zvayo yedzimwe simbi, yakadai seyokutungamirira , aluminium, silicon kana arsenic, inowedzerwa musanganiswa kuti igadzire saga yakada.
Kana kamwe kashandi yakanyunguduka yakagadzirirwa, inodururwa mumapumburu apo inotanga kuisa mabhanga makuru kana mabhendi. Billets - kazhinji kechi-alpha-beta mhangura - inogona kushandiswa zvakananga kuva waya, mabomba, uye tubhu kuburikidza nekupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinosanganisira kupinza simbi inopisa kuburikidza nefa, kana kupisa moto.
Kana isingadi kuputika kana kubhurwa, mabheti acho anobva adzorerwa uye anodyiswa kuburikidza nemidziyo yesimbi (inonzi inozivikanwa seyokupisa). Chigumisiro chacho chinonzi slabs ine uwandu hwesingapfu kwehafu yecheki (<13mm). Mushure mokunge kunotonhora, iyo ndarira inobva yatengeswa kuburikidza nemushini wekuchera, kana kuti scalper, iyo inocheka tsvina yakareba kubva kune tsvina kuitira kuti ibvise nzvimbo yakakonzera kukanganisa uye yakisi.
Pasi pemhepo yakadzivirira kuchengetedza oxyidization, sarudzo inopisa uye yakasungirirwa zvakare, chirongwa chinozivikanwa sechinyorwa kusati chasungirwazve pane kutonhora kunotonhora (kutonhora kufema) kumashizha anenge anenge 0,1 "(2.5mm) yakawanda. kunokonzera mukati mezviyo zviyo zvendarira, zvichiita kuti isimbi yakasimba uye yakaoma zvikuru. Iyi danho inogona kudzokororwa kusvikira kudikanwa kunoda kana kuoma kunopera.
Pakupedzisira, mahwendefa anosungirirwa uye akavezwa kuti ave nehupamhi uye urefu hunodiwa. Zvose mapepa, zvakakonzerwa, zvakagadzirwa uye zvakadzingwa zvigadzirwa zvemhangura zvinopiwa chimiro yekushambidza, kazhinji inoshandiswa hydrochloric uye sulfuric acid kuti ibvise mhangura yeakisiyasi yakawanda uye inoparadza.
Applications
Brass inokosha yezvinhu uye kushamwaridzana kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakonzera kuti ive imwe yepamusoro-soro inoshandiswa zvidimbu. Kunyora rondedzero yakakwana yezvese zvemhangura 'inenge iri basa guru, asi kuwana mhizha yemabhizimisi nemhando dzemhando dzakagadzirwa nechende tinogona kuisa nekugadzirisa kumwe kushandiswa-kushandiswa kubva pachigadzirwa chendarira chakashandiswa:
Kusunungura kusina mhangura (semuenzaniso C38500 kana 60/40 mhangura):
- Nuts, bolts, threaded parts
- Terminals
- Jets
- Tappu
- Injectors