Kubva kure, mutengi mukuru kune dysprosium ndiwo magnethe emagetsi. Magetsi akadaro anotonga pamusika wepamusoro-soro inoshandiswa motors inoshandiswa mumotokari yakasvibiswa uye magetsi, mhepo inotungisa mhepo uye madhiyumu akaoma.
Dysprosium inosvika 3 kusvika ku6 muzana ye neodymium- iron - boron (NdFeB) magetsi (kuburikidza nechiyero) inoshandiswa mune zvakananga, kazhinji inotonhora yakakwirira, maitiro. Kuva wakagadzika pamusoro pemhando yechando uye nekuderedza magnet kuyerwa kusvika kusvika 90 muzana, magetsi akadaro anotsvaga kune ose motokari uye magetsi motokari.
Kubvunzwa kubva kumagnethe emagnet ega ega inenge inofungidzirwa 90 muzana ye dysprosium yose inodyiwa gore negore.
Chigadziko chemagetsi chisingaperi chinowedzera painenge inofungidzirwa muhuwandu hwema13 kubva muzana kubva muna 2003 kusvika muna 2008 uye inofanirwa kuramba ichingokura pakati pe8 kusvika ku10 muzana pagore kusvika 2019.
Maererano neMagneticsmagazine.com, kutengesa kwepasi rose kwemagetsi anogara achifungidzirwa kukura kubva kumabhiriyoni US $ 15 mabhiriyoni muna 2012 kusvika kudarika US $ 28 biliyoni muna 2019.
Pasinei nekuedza kuderedza kuwanda kwedysprosium inoshandiswa mumagetsi ekusingaperi-kupisa, ichiri chikamu chinokosha chemazana makumi matatu emamiriyoni eNyFeB magetsi anobudiswa munyika yose gore negore.
Uye, apo misika huru ye dysprosium-ine NdFeB magetsi ndeimwe magetsi emagetsi, magetsi aya anokwanisawo kuwanikwa mune mamwe makombikoro ekushisa uye ma generator, mabhizimisi uye magetsi emagetsi, kusanganisira mabhazi emhepo, mabhasikoro emagetsi uye magetsi emagetsi, maglev maitiro, majiji, anotengesa uye kushandura, maginiti ekuparadzanisa zvishandiso, sensor, MRIs, uye magnetic refrigeration zvigaro pakati pemamwe mabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa mune zvigadziro zvekugadzirisa magetsi emishonga neEuropean Commission, chido che dysprosium chichapetwa ka2020, zvichienzanisa kuwedzera kwegore negore ye 9 muzana. Pakupedzisira, boka racho rinofanotaura kuti izvi zvichaita kuti 23 muzana yekushaiwa kwekugumira pakuguma kwemakore gumi.
Kutevera nhepfenyuro yenyika isingaverengeki iyo yakakonzera mutengo wezvinhu izvi zvichikwira muna 2010 uye 2011, masangano akawanda, kusanganisira US Department of Energy (DOE), akafanotaura kushayikwa kwekuda kweDysprosium. Chimwe chigumisiro cheizvi chave chiri kuedza kugadzirisa zvakare kugadzirisa kwema-magetsi anogara nekushambidza nekugadzirisa maitiro zvichienderana nezvakadaro magetsi kuderedza dysprosium inodikanwa.
Muna 2012, Toshiba akazivisa kukurudzirwa kwemastium- cobalt asingabhadharwi e-high-temperature magnet.
Mimwe miitiro ye dysprosium inosanganisira mu cermet alloy Terfenol-D (ndiyo iyo "D" inomirira). Terfenol-D, iyo inewo iron uye tambo, inoshandiswa mumashandukiro, mashandisirwo emagetsi, uye zvakajeka mvura-injini injectors.
Dysprodium-oxide- nickel cermets dzakaratidzwa kuva ne-thermal-neutron inogadzirisa-chikamu chikamu.
Nei izvi zvichikosha? Zvakanaka, zvigadziri zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakadai kuti dzigadzire tsvimbo yekudzivirira neutron uye, nokudaro, kupisa njere yenyukireya. Zvinonyanya kukosha, cermets haibvumi kana kubvumirana pasi pehutachi bhaketure, kunyange ichishandura mawindo mukati memaginetic field.
Sezvo inobva radium, dysprosium-cadmium chalcogenides, inoshandiswa kuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari.
Dysprosium oxide, panguva iyi, inoshandiswa se dopant mune zvakakosha capacitors kuitira michina yemagetsi.
Kubwinya kwenyika isingadikanwi yekuita magnetized kunoitawo kuti zvive zvakakosha kune zvikamu zviri mumatoriki akaoma uye nedzimwe data-kuchengetedza.
Halide kubuda magetsi nemaseraser anoshandisa dysprosium uye vanadium inoshandisa dysprosium iodide (DyI3) inobereka chiedza chakanyanya, chichena.
Calcium sulphate uye calcium fluoride makristasi akaiswa dysprosium anogona kushandiswa mu dosimeters, zvishandiso zvakakosha zvekuyera mazaisai eoni. Ichi ndechokuti dysprosium ichapenya apo nyaya yacho inoratidzirwa kumarambo. Nhamba ye luminescence inoratidza chiyero chakakomberedzwa chemashizha.
Pakupedzisira, nanofibers dzevamwe dysprosium makemikari vakaratidza kuti vane nzvimbo huru uye vane simba rakanyanya.
Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kuti zvigadziriswe zvinoshandiswa kana kuti simba rakakwirira, kusagadzikana kusagadzikana.
Sources
Arnold Magnetic Technologies. Basa Rinokosha reD Dysprosium muMazuva Ano Magnet Magumi . January 17, 2012.
Kingsnorth, Prof. Dudley. "Chine Nyika Yenyika Dzakagara Dzose Inogona Kupona." China's Industrial Minerals & Markets Conference. Mharidzo: September 24, 2013.