Zvimwe maginini zvesimbi zvakasiyana nezvimwe
Magnetsi zvinhu zvinokonzera maginita minda, iyo inokwezva zvigadzirwa zvakasimba. Maginiti ose ane nechekuchamhembe uye nheyo yekumaodzanyemba. Kupikisa matanda kunokwezva, apo semapuranga achidzoka.
Kunyange zvazvo magetsi akawanda akashandiswa kubva kune zvigadzirwa nesimbi uye zvinyorwa zvesimbi, masayendisiti akafunga nzira dzekugadzira magetsi kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana, zvakadai semagnetic polymers.
Chii Chinogadzira Magnetism
Magnetism mune zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa nekupararira kusina kukwana kwema electron muatomu ezvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi.
Kurongeka kusina kukodzera uye kushandiswa kunokonzerwa nekupararira kusina kukwaniswa kwemagetsi kunoshandura mutero mukati meatomu kumashure, zvichiita magnetic dipoles.
Apo magnetic dipoles anogadzirisa anogadzira magnetic domain, nzvimbo inowanikwa magnetic inowanikwa kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba.
Mumagetsi asina kugadziriswa, magnetic domains anotarisana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubvisa mumwe nomumwe kunze. Kunyange zvazvo mune zvigadzirwa zvemashiripiti, dzakawanda zvei domains zvakabatana, zvichiratidza nenzira imwechete, izvo zvinoita magnetic field. Iyo yakawanda mazita anowirirana pamwe akasimba magnetic force.
Mitemo yeMagnets
- Magamba asingagumi (anozivikanwawo semagetsi akaoma) ndeaya anoramba achibudisa magnetic field. Iyi magnetic field inokonzerwa ne ferromagnetism uye ndiyo yakasimba kupfuura magnetism.
- Mazuva ekupedzisira (anozivikanwawo semasvini akareruka) ane magnetic chete paanenge aripo magnetic field.
- Magetsi anoshandisa mashizha emagetsi kuti asvike nemumatairi awo eiripi kuitira kuti aite magnetic field.
The Development of Magnets
VaGreek, Indian, uye vanyora veChinese vakaratidza ruzivo rwemashoko pamusoro pemagnetism makore anopfuura 2000 akapfuura. Zvose izvi zvinonzwisisika zvaibva pakucherechedza migumisiro yeestestone (inowanzoitika magnetic iron mineral) neyimbi.
Kutsvakurudza kwokutanga pamagnetism kwakaitwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, zvisinei, kukura kwemazuva ano masimba emagetsi asina kumboitika kusvikira muzana remakore rechi20.
Gore ra1940 risati ravapo, magetsi anosingaperi aishandiswa mune zvidzidzo zvese, zvakadai semakomasi uye magetsi anonzi magnetos. Kugadzirwa kwealuminium-nickel-cobalt (Alnico) magetsi akabvumira magetsi ekugadzirisa kushandura magetsi magetsi mumagetsi, jenereta uye mharidzo.
Kugadzirwa kwemasamiti samarium-cobalt (SmCo) muma1970 yakabudisa magetsi ane kaviri zvakanyanya magnetic energy density sezvakamboita magnetti kare.
Pakazosvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana makumi mapfumbamwe, kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa mukati memagnetic emasikirwo asingashamisi pasi akaita kuti kuwanikwa kwe neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magetsi, izvo zvakaita kuti kuwirirana kwemagnetic energy pamusoro peSomero magnet.
Kazhinji maguru enyika anowanzoshandiswa mune zvose kubva kumawindo echiwande uye iPads kusvika kune motokari yemotokari yemagetsi nemhepo inopisa magetsi.
Magnetism uye Kutapira
Mifananidzo nezvimwe zvinhu zvine magetsi akasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nekupisa kwezvakatipoteredza mavari. Somugumisiro, simbi inogona kuratidza huwandu hwemhando imwe ye magnetism.
Simbi, somuenzaniso, inorasikirwa magnetism yayo, ichiita sendima, iyo inopisa kupfuura 1418 ° F (770 ° C). Iyo inotonhora iyo simbi inorasikirwa magnetic force inonzi inonzi Curie yekushisa.
Simbi, cobalt, uye nickel ndiyo chete inogadzirisa iyo - mune fomu yesimbi - ine temperature yeCurie pamusoro pekupisa kwemukati.
Sezvo zvakadaro, zvose magnetic zvinhu zvinofanira kuva neimwe yezvinhu izvi.
Kazhinji Ferromagnetic Metals neCurie Yadzo Temperatures
| Substance | Curie Temperature |
| Iron (Fe) | 1418 ° F (770 ° C) |
| Cobalt (Co) | 2066 ° F (1130 ° C) |
| Nickel (Ni) | 676.4 ° F (358 ° C) |
| Gadolinium | 66 ° F (19 ° C) |
| Dysprosium | -301.27 ° F (-185.15 ° C) |