Metallurgical Coal
Metallurgical coal inopesana nemhepo inopisa, iyo inoshandiswa kuti ive nesimba uye inopisa, nehupamhi yaro kabhoni uye kukwanisa kwayo kugona.
Kuchengetedza kukwanisa kunoreva kubasa kwemalahle ekushandurwa kuva coke, iyo yakachena yeka kabhoni inogona kushandiswa mumidziyo yakakisi ye oxygen. Mabizi anovhenekera - anowanzoiswa sevheta remagetsi e-metallurgical - yakaoma uye yakasviba, uye ine yakawandisa kabhoni uye isina kunyorova uye munyoro pane zvishoma.
Chikero chemarasha uye chigadziro chekudzivirira chinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemalahle - chiyero chezvinhu zvakashata uye chidimbu chemasamorphism - pamwe nekusvibiswa kwemaminera uye kukwanisa kwemalahle kusungunuka, kuvhara nekusimbisazve apo inopisa. Iyo mitatu mikuru ye metallurgical coal ndeyi:
- Akaoma coking coals (HCC)
- Semi-soft coking coal (SSCC)
- Pulverized coal injection (PCI) coal
Mafuta akaoma akadai se anthracite ane zviri nani kugovera zvinhu kupfuura semiti-soft coking coals, achivabvumira kuti vagadzire mutengo wakakwirira. HCC yeAustralia inotaridzirwa semabhizimisi.
Kunyange zvazvo PCI coal isingawanzogadziriswa sehavha yekubika, ichiri kushandiswa sechinhu chechigadziro mumatambo ekugadzira mashizha uye inogona kutora chikamu chechike mune imwe mhepo.
Coke Making
Kuita kweCoke kunobudirira kugadziriswa kwemalahle pamasikati makuru. Kugadzirwa kunowanzoitika mubheti rekoke riri pedo nehutano hwakagadzirwa nemafuta. Mubhateri, mavheni e coke akaiswa mumitsara. Mazimbe anotakurwa mukati mevheni uye anobva apisa kupisa kwekusavapo kwe okisijeni kusvika kunzvimbo dzakadzika dzakapoteredza 1100 ° C (2000 ° F).
Pasina oxygen, mazimbe haapise asi, pane kudaro, anotanga kusunguka. Izvo zvakanyanya kutonhora zvinokonzera kusachena kusingadi kunowanikwa mumarasha, akadai sehydrogen, oksijeni, nitrogen, uye sulfuri. Izvo zvinopera zvinogona kuunganidzwa uye kupora sezvinonzi-zvakagadzirwa kana kupiswa semhepo inopisa.
Mushure mokutonhora, iyo coke inogadzirisa semagetsi epeous, kristallini carbon yakakura zvokuti inogona kushandiswa nekupisa zviyo. Zvose izvi zvinogona kutora maawa 12 kusvika ku36.
Zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakasikwa mumarangariro ekutanga emarara zvinokanganisa hutano hwepamusoro hwe coke inogadzirwa. Kushaiwa kwekuvimbika kwemararamiro emarasha kunoreva kuti coke-vanogadzira nhasi vanowanzoshandisa zvikamu zvemazana makumi maviri emasera ega kuitira kupa vashandisi chigadzirwa chisingaperi.
Inenge 1.5 tonnes yemasallurgical coal inofanirwa kubudisa 1 tonne ye coke.
Coke in Steelmaking
Mahombeksi eOxygen (BOF), iyo inofanirwa makumi manomwe kubva muzana yezvigadzirwa zvemhando yenyika yose, inoda minda yesimbi , coke, uye fluxes sezvinhu zvekudya mune kugadzirwa kwesimbi.
Mushure mokunge moto uchitonhwa nevira, izvo zvinopisa, mweya unopisa unoputirwa musanganiswa. Mhepo inokonzera coke kupisa, kuwedzera kutonhora kusvika 1700 ° C, iyo inosimbisa kusvibiswa. Izvi zvinoderedza kabhoni yakagadzirwa ne 90 muzana uye inogadzira dare rakanyunguduka rinozivikanwa sesimbi inopisa.
Isimbi inopisa inobva yasvibiswa kubva mumoto wevira uye yotumirwa kuBHOF iyo yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakasvibirira neyemestone yakawedzerwa kuti iite shanduro itsva. Zvimwe zvikamu, zvakadai sa molybdenum , chromium kana vanadium zvinogona kuwedzerwa kuti zvive nemakero akasiyana esimbi .
Paavhareji, anenge 630 kilogram ye coke inofanirwa kubudisa 1000 kilogram (1 tonne) yesimbi.
Kubudirira kwekugadzira muhuni hwomoto kunonyanya kuvimba nehutano hwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvinoshandiswa. Kupisa kwevira kunodyiwa nepamusoro-soro coke kunoda zvishoma koke uye kutumbuka, kuderedza kudhura kwemari uye zvichiita kuti ive nani inopisa simbi.
Muna 2013, inofungidzirwa kuti mabhiriyoni 1,2 ematare emarasha yakashandiswa nemhizha yesimbi. China ndiyo inowanikwa zvikuru munyika uye mutengi wekucheka mari, inotora mamiriyoni 527 mamiriyoni muna 2013. Australia neU.SA vanotevera, vachibudisa mamiriyoni 158 uye 78 mamiriyoni, pamwe chete.
Misika yepasi rose yekucheka mazimbe, hazvishamisi, inonyanya kuvimba nemhizha yesimbi. Mutengo wefa wega wekoking coal wakakura uchibva kune US $ 40 muna 2000 kusvika kune US $ 200 muna 2011, asi wakabva wawa.
Vabereki vakuru vanosanganisira BHP Billiton , Teck, Xstrata, Anglo American uye Rio Tinto.
Inopfuura 90 kubva muzana yekutengeserana kwegungwa remasallurgical coal inonzi inotengeswa kubva kuAustralia, Canada, uye neU.S.
> Sources
> Valia, Hardarshan S. Coke Kubudiswa kweBlast Motokari Kuita Ironmaking . Steelworks.
URL: www.steel.org
World Coal Institute. Coal & Steel (2007) .
URL: www.worldcoal.org