Chinhu chakashata zvikuru nechishamiso chekushandisa
Nickel isimbi yakachena uye yakasvibirira ine ruvara rutsvuku rwegoridhe. Iyo isimbi isina kusimba mune zvayo isina simbi uye nheyo yegasi mukuti inowanzoitika munyika uye inogadzirisa kana inogadzirisa nyore nyore uye inopindirana zvakasiyana ne diluted hydrochloric acid kuti igadzire hydrogen.
Archeologists zuva nickel inoshandiswa kudzokera ku 3500 BC. Axel Fredrik Cronstedt anotanga kusarudzwa nickel sechikamu muna 1751.
Izwi rokuti nickel rinobva kuGermany, kupfernickel , zvinoreva mhangura yadhiyabhorosi . Tichifunga nezvekutengesa kwenyika yakawanda, hazvishamisi kuti midzi yezita rayo inoratidza maitiro edhiabhorosi maitiro.
Nickel inopikisa kurora, iyo inonyanya kusimbi yekuputira dare nemhangura. Nickel is ferromagnetic. Masimba ane simba anoshandisa simbi uye zvisingaoneki pasi masimbi asi magetsi emasimba mashoma anoshandisa nickel. Mariro, kugadzirwa kwegirasi, mabheti rechargeable uye bulletproof safes ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinogona kuitwa nickel.
Nickel ore inobva kumativi epasi, kubudiswa kunofanirwa kuburikidza nekuzaruka uye mumigodhi yakadzika. A smelting uye kuchenesa nzira inoparadzanisa simbi kubva mumigodhi ye mined. Inenge mamiriyoni ane matani emhando yenickel gore roga roga inobva kumigodhi kumativi ose enyika. Imwe michina yakawanda inobva kuChina nekuRussia, iyo inotora chikamu che 50% yehuwandu hwepasi rose. Zvimwe zviitiko zvinokosha zvinokonzera nyika zvinosanganisira Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Canada, Australia, Cuba neNorway.
Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakachengetwa dziripo muAustralia neNew Caledonia. MMC Norilsk Nickel ndiyo inoshandiswa kune imwe yenyika imwe chete mubazi. Norilsk inobereka platinum boka resimbi ( PGMs ) sechinangwa chekutsva nickel yavo. Muna 2011, izvi zvandaifunga zvinodarika 25% zvekugadzirwa kwenyika nickel.
Sirivha isina tsvina uye alloys inenge inenge 87% yegore negore inoda kudiwa.
China ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mutengi we nickel. China ndiyo simba rinoparadza mumisika yose yesimbi, nekuda kwekuvaka zvivako zvekuvaka zvivako.
Nickel inotungamira uye zvisarudzo zvekutengeserana paLondon Metal Exchange (LME). Chimwe nechibvumirano chinomiririra matani mazana matanhatu nekunatswa kwe 99,8% yakaenzana neLME inoda maumbirwo, masikirwo nemagetsi. Chiratidzo chinoratidza mhepo yakagadzirisa iyo yakagadzirisa simbi. Pane hutachiona hwekugadzira nickel paLME pazvivako zvinogamuchirwa uye zvekutengeswa zvekuchengetedzwa kwemari.
Ikoji yekickel inogona kuva yakanyanyisa. Mumakumi matatu emakore adarika, mutengo wakatengesa mune imwe nyika iri pasi pe $ 5,000 kusvika kune $ 50,000 pamatani. Pamusana pekugadzira zviduku uye kutengesa zvinodiwa nevatengi, kushamisika kwekutengeswa kwemari kunogona kuitika nokukurumidza. Ndinoyeuka nickel yekutengeserana kwekambani huru yekutengeserana kwemaitirwo kuma1980. Ndakatenga nickel kubva kumigodhi yeNorilsk kuti ndibudise mumwedzi mitatu. Kuti ndive nekutengeserana kwebhizimisi ndakatengesa zvibvumirano zveLME zvezuva rimwechete ndakatarisira kutengeswa kubva kumutengesi. Norilsk iri muSiberia, zvakaitika zvekuti zvikepe zvakatsvaira uye Norilsk zvaisagona kuita mavhesi pazuva raibvumirana. Sezvo nickel yakanga isiripo kuti ibudise, ndaifanira kuitenga zvakare paLME.
Zvakazoitika kuti vamwe vatengesi vemabhizimisi vakawanda vakaita basa rimwe chete naNorilsk uye vakanga vari muchikepe chimwe chando chakanga chandakanga ndiri. Mutengo we nickel wezuva rekutakura wakasimudza uye mutengesi wakadzokera kumashure kwezuva iroro chaiyo yokutumira. Izvi zvaireva kuti kutengesa kwekutengesa kwakatakura zvakakwirira kudarika zvinoderedzwa mutengo. Shanduro yandakanga ndambofunga kuti yaizoita mari yakave yakakosha zvikuru sezvo ndakanga ndiri pfupi paLME pasina nickel kuti ndibudise. Sezvo ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kununura simbi chaiyo, ndakaitenga pamutengo wekutengesa. Nickel mitengo yakadzokera kumazinga akaenzana kamwechete iyo simbi inopinda kubva kuNorilsk yakave mwedzi yakazotevera. Izvi zvinongova muenzaniso wekuti zvinotyisa zvinokonzerwa nickel zvinogona kuva. Mumwe muenzaniso wakaitika munguva ichangopfuura.
MunaJanuwari 2014, hurumende yeIndonesia yakashuma mineral exporter ban.
Chinangwa chavo ndechekuchengetedza zvirongwa zvemigodhi yekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemisha uye kubviswa kwekutengeswa nemamwe masangano emigodhi. Ichi chiito, ne nyika inobereka, chakaita kuti mutengo we nickel uende zvakanyanya.
Nickel inokosha inokosha yesimbi yakawanda uye ine mutengo wakanyanya. MuAmerica, chikamu chemazana mashanu kana nickel ine nickel metal. Ikoji yekickel yakange isinganzwisisiki mumakore ayo dzimwe nguva, nickel inonyanya kukosha yakawanda kupfuura masendi mashanu. Izvo zvinopesana nemutemo weUnited States kuti unyore nickels nemapeni. Nheyo dzese sedhina sejecha nhengo yehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva pasinei nokuti kupi, pasi pose, tiri kurarama.
Purogiramu paNickel
Mutengo we nickel paLondon Metal Exchange (LME) yakatengeswa kusvika kumaodzanyemba kusvika makore gumi nemaviri ekupedzisira kwaNovember. Nickel inotengeserana kusvika kumadhora anosvika $ 8,100 pamatani. Nickel isimbi inopesana nesimbi iyo inoshandiswa pakugadzira simbi isina chinhu. Nickel yakave imwe yezvinhu zvakaipisisa zvakagadzirwa muna 2015; Mutengo wacho wakanga wadarika $ 15,000 pamatani pamagumo a2014. Chikonzero chekushaya simba mu nickel ndiyo simba rebhadha reU.S. uye kushaya simba kune mutengi mukuru wepasi rose wesimbi, China .
Nickel imedu shoma shoma ine mamiriyoni maviri ematoni anobudiswa gore rega rega. Uwandu hudiki hwemusika hunoita kuti nickel ive chinhu chakashata zvikuru. Kupera kwehupfumi hwepasi rose kwakaguma nekudzima sezvinoda kudiwa nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi isina chainopera muna 2015. Tarisiro yekutengesa nickel, iyo yakashata yakaderera pasi muna 2015, inogona kuwedzera mumakore akawanda mberi. Mitengo yakadzika ichapedzisira ichitungamirira pakugadzirwa kwemichero, sekusvika hafu yekugadzira nickel nhasi isinganzwisisiki. Nickel yakawedzera zvishoma kubva munaNovember uye yakabhadharwa ne $ 9,030 pamatani paLME December 4. Zvisinei, International International Nickel Study Group iri kuongorora nickel glut inopa kushaya simba mumusika. Nickel inongova imwe yezvinhu zvakawanda zvesimbi uye zvigadzirwa zvakatambura mumusika webhebhu yezvinhu zvakatanga muna 2011. Mazuva ano, tsika yacho inoramba yakaderera asi mumusika unonyanya kufanana nickel, rallies inogadziriswa inogona kuumba mafikisi emitengo muna 2016.