Sirasi yekugadzira inosanganisira kubvisa kabhoni kubva musimbi
Maererano neWorld Steel Association, mamwe emakona makuru ekugadzira nyika ndeyeChina, Japan, US, uye India. China inokwana makumi mashanu kubva muzana yezvigadzirwa izvi.
Mashizha makuru emhando yenyika anosanganisira ArcelorMittal, Hebei Steel Group, Baosteel, POSCO naNippon Steel.
Iko Nhasi Steel Steel Production Process
Nzira dzekugadzirwa kwesimbi dzakashanduka zvakanyanya kubva pakuchengetwa kwemabhizimisi kwakatanga kuma1900. Nzira dzemazuva ano, zvisinei, dzichiri pachitsigiro chakafanana seBeesemer Process yepakutanga, iyo inoshandisa oksijeni kuderedza carbon car in iron.
Nhasi, kugadzirwa kwesimbi kunoshandiswa kwezvinhu zvakashandiswa zvakare pamwe chete nemidziyo yakasikwa yakasvibirira, yakadai sesimbi, iron, uye limestone. Zvinhu zviviri, zvinokonzera oksijeni steelmaking (BOS) uye magetsi emagetsi eElectric (EAF), nhoroondo yezvinhu zvose zvekugadzirwa kwesimbi.
Simba resimbi remazuva ano rinogona kuputsika kusvika mumatanho matanhatu:
Kugadzira mashizha, iyo ndiyo danho rokutanga, rinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakasvibirira zvesimbi, coke, uye lime inosungirirwa mumoto wevira. Simbi yakagadzirwa yakanyungudutswa, iyo inonziwo sehuni inopisa, inenge ine 4 kusvika ku4 muzana yezana carbon uye zvimwe zvakasvibiswa izvo zvinoita kuti zvinyarare.
Imiti inonyanya kushandiswa ine michina miviri inokosha: BOS (Basic Oxygen Furnace) uye yakawanda EAF yemazuva ano (Electric Arc Furnace) nzira.
Nzira dzeBOS dzinowedzerazve zvishandiso zvesimbi yakasvibirira kune simbi yakanyungudutswa muotterter.
Pakupisa kwepamusoro, okisijeni inoputika mukati mesimbi, iyo inoderedza carbon content pakati pe 0 ne5%. Nzira dzeEAF, zvisinei, dzinodyisa zvakare kudhindwa mashizha esimbi kuburikidza nekushandisa masimba-masimba emagetsi emvura (kutsetseka kusvika 1650 C) kusungunusa simbi uye kuigadzirisa kuti ive yakakwirira yesimbi.
Secondary steelmaking inosanganisira kurapa iyo yakanyungudzwa inobudiswa kubva kuBOS neEAF nzira kuti ichinje shanduko yakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuwedzera kana kubvisa zvimwe zvinhu uye / kana kutonga nzvimbo yekutonhodza uye nzvimbo yekugadzira. Zvichienderana nemhando dzesimbi dzinodiwa, zvinotevera zvinogona kushandiswa pakugadzira mashizha:
- Kushungurudza
- Ladle furnace
- Injere yakagadzirwa
- Degassing
- CAS-OB (kugadziridza kugadziriswa nemagetsi akavharidzirwa achibvumira oksijeni kurira)
Kuenderera mberi kunotarisa kunoona simbi yakanyungudutswa yakaiswa mumuti wakanga wakarohwa zvichiita kuti nhete yakaoma yesimbi isimbise. Ikosi yekombodhi inodonhedzwa nemigwaro yakatungamirirwa uye yakatsvaira zvakakwana uye yakasimbiswa. Iyo tsvina inodonhedzwa muhurefu hwakadikanwa zvichienderana nekushanda; mabhandi ezvigadzirwa zvakapetwa (ndiro uye ruvara), anotumbuka nokuda kwezvikamu (mapuranga), mabhendi emidziyo yakareba (waya), kana micheka yakaonda.
Mukutanga kuumba, simbi inokandwa inobva yaumbwa kuva maitiro akasiyana-siyana, kazhinji nekutsvaira kupisa, tsvina inopedza kukanganisa kwakakosha uye inobudirira maitiro aidiwa nehupamhi hwehupamhi. Zvitsva zvakatsvaira zvakatsvaga zvakakamurwa kuita zvipfeko zvakasvibirira, zvigadzirwa zvemazuva akawanda, zvisikwa zvisina kumira, uye zvigadzirwa zvemhando.
Pakupedzisira, inguva yekugadzira, kugadzira, nekupedzisa.
Secondary forming techniques inopa isimbi yayo yekupedzisira maitiro uye dzimba. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Kuumba (kutonhora kufema)
- Machining (drilling)
- Kubatana (kusvitsa)
- Kupfeka (galvanizing)
- Kuchengeta kupisa (kutsamwa)
- Kurapa kwepamusoro (carburizing)