Sirasi inonyanya iron uye carbon inoshandiswa nezvimwe zvikamu zvezvemwe. Nzira yekushandiswa inoshandiswa inoshandiswa kushandura makemikari yehuni uye kuvandudza zvayo pamusoro pebasa resimbi kana kuigadzirisa kuti iite zvinodiwa zvekushanda kumwe.
Batsiro reAsimbi Alloying Agents:
Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa kune imwe neimwe zvine maitiro avo pachavo pane zvinhu zvesimbi. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nekushandira zvinosanganisira:
- Kugadzirisa zvakagadziriswa : Zvinhu zvakadai seanickel , manganese , cobalt , uye mhangura zvinowedzera kutonhora kunowanikwa maaustenite.
- Kugadzikana kweteri : Chromium , tungsten , molybdenum , vanadium, aluminium , uye silicon inogona kuita kuti kuderedza carbon carubility muusitenite. Izvi zvinokonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwecarbides muhuni uye kunoderedza kutsetseka kwemahara umo anustenite iripo.
- Carbide kuumba : Zvizhinji zvidhina zviduku, zvinosanganisira chromium , tungsten, molybdenum, titanium , niobium, tantalum uye zirconium, inoumba carbides yakasimba iyo-musimbi - kuwedzera kuoma nesimba. Maiti akadaro anowanzoshandiswa kuita simbi yakasimba uye basa rinopisa basa resimbi.
- Graphitizing : Silicon, nickel, cobalt, uye aluminium inogona kuderedza kumira kwecarbides musimbi, kusimbisa kuparara kwavo uye kuumbwa kwemafuta emafuta.
- Kupera kwe eutectoid concentration : Titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, chromium, uye nickel zvose zvakaderedza eutectoid concentration ye carbon.
- Kuwedzerwa kurwiswa kwehuroti : Aluminium, silicon uye chromium inoumba mavhariji edziviriro pamusoro pechinhu, nekudaro kudzivirira simbi kuti irege kuwedzera mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Simba Rakawanda Alloying Agents:
Pasi pane rwandu rwezvinyorwa zvinowanzoshandiswa pakushandura zvinyorwa uye zvavanoita pahuni (huwandu hwezvakabatanidzwa).
- Aluminium (0.95-1.30%): A deoxidizer. Yakashandiswa kugadzirisa kukura kwezvirimwa zve-austenite.
- Boron (0.001-0.003%): Dambudziko rekuoma kunobatsira kugadzirisa kusagadzikana uye kukanganisa. Boron inowedzerwa kusimbi yakazara yakaurayiwa uye inongoda kuwedzerwa mune zvishoma zvishoma kuti iome. Kuwedzerwa kweBononi kunonyanya kushanda mumhepo yakadzika carbon.
- Chromium (0.5-18%): Chinhu chinokosha chezvipfeko zvisina utinha. Pamusoro pe12% muhutano, chromium inonyanya kukonzera kurwisana nekudzivirira. Iyo simbi inovandudzawo kuoma, simba, kupindura kunopisa kupisa uye kupfeka kupfeka.
- Cobalt : Inovandudza simba pakakwirira uye magnetic permeability.
- Mhangura (0.1-0.4%): Kazhinji inowanikwa sechinhu chinosara mumagetsi, mhangura inowedzerwa kuti iite kuti mvura iwedzere kuoma uye kuwedzera kukanganiswa kwegorosi.
- Mutungamiri : Kunyange zvazvo zvisingasviki mumvura kana yakasimba, mutungamiri dzimwe nguva inowanikwa mumashandi ekugadzira kabhoni kuburikidza nemichina inopararira panguva yekudururira kuitira kuti uvandudze kushandiswa kwemaitiro.
- Manganese (0.25-13%): Inowedzera simba pazvinhu zvakanyanya kutonhorera nekubvisa kushandiswa kwesimbi sulfide. Manganese inovandudzawo kuoma, ductility uye kupfeka kusagadzikana. Kufanana nickel, manganese inogadzirwa uye inogona kushandiswa muAISI 200 Series yeAustenitic dzisina kushandiswa seaselenzi sechinotsiva nickel.
- Molybdenum (0.2-5.0%): Yakawanikwa mudiki zvishoma muzvipfeko zvisina zvisikwa, molybdenum inowedzera kuoma uye simba, kunyanya pakudenga. Kazhinji inoshandiswa mu chromium-nickel mafuta, molybdenum inodzivirira kupisa kwepitrosi inokonzerwa nekloride uye sulfur chemikemikari.
- Nickel (2-20%): Chimwe chinyorwa chinonyanya kukosha kune zvisingasviki, iyo nickel inowanikwa pane zvinodarika 8% kune yakakwirira yechromium inosi yekusina. Nickel inowedzera simba, simba rekugadzirisa uye kuoma, nekunatsiridza kusagadzikana kwei oxidization uye kurora. Inowedzerawo hutambudziro pahutambo hwakadzika kana uwedzerwa mune zvishoma.
- Niobium : Kune kubatsirwa kwekusimudzira kabhoni nokuumba carbides yakaoma uye, saka, inowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira-kutengesa. Muchikamu chiduku, niobium inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya muchero simba uye, kusvika pamwero muduku, simba rakasimba rezvivigiro uyewo kuva nemvura inononoka kusimbisa chiitiko.
- Nitrojeni : Inowedzera kugadzikana kwechigadziro chezvipfeko zvisina utachiona uye inovandudza kuburitsa simba mumahofisi akadaro.
- Phosphorus: Phosphorus inowanzowedzerwa ne sulfuri kuti ivandudze kushandiswa kwechigadziriswa mumadhorosi akaderera. Inowedzerawo simba uye inowedzera kurwisa kwehuro.
- Selenium : Kuwedzera machinability.
- Silicon (0,2-2,0%): Iyi metalloid inovandudza simba, kusimba, kupikisa asidi uye zvinokonzera kukura kwezviyo zvakakura, nokudaro, zvinotungamirira kune magnetic permeability. Nokuti silicon inoshandiswa mu deoxidizing agent mukugadzirwa kwesimbi , inowanikwa nguva dzose mune imwe yegaji muzvikamu zvose zvesimbi.
- Sulfuri (0.08-0.15%): Kuwedzera mune zviduku, sulfuri inovandudza machinability pasina kukonzera kupfupika. Nekuwedzerwa kwehupfupi hwemanganese kunoderedzwa zvakare nekuda kwekuti manganese sulfide ine nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yakanyanya kupfuura iron sulfide.
- Titanium : Inovandudza zvose simba uye kurwiswa kwegorosi paunoderedza chibage cheusitenite. Pa 0.25-0.60 muzana titanium yakagadzikana, carbon inobatanidza ne titanium, ichibvumira chromium kuti irambe iri pamiganhu yezviyo uye inoramba mashizha.
- Tungsten : Inogadzira carbides yakagadzikana uye inovandudza zviyero zvezviyo kuitira kuti iwedzere kuoma, zvikurukuru pamatambo akakwirira.
- Vanadium (0.15%): Sezvakaita titanium uye niobium, vanadium inogona kubereka carbides yakasimba inowedzera simba pamatambo akadzika. Nokusimudzira chimiro chakanaka chezviyo, ductility inogona kuchengetwa.
- Zirconium (0.1%): Inowedzera simba uye inogumira zviyero zvakakura. Simba rinogona kunyanya kuwedzerwa pamatambo akadzika (pasi pekuvhundusa). Sirasi iyo inosanganisira zirconium kusvika kusvika 0.1% yehupenyu inenge iine zviduku zvakakura uye inoramba kuputsika.
Zvinyorwa: SubsTech. Substances & Technology. Migumisiro yeAlloying Elements paIndaneti Imiti. (www.substech.com) Chengeta Alloys. Migumisiro yeAlloying Elements mu Steel. (www.chasealloys.co.uk)
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