Maitiro Aya Anotsungirira Simba
Kuchenesa inzira inokurumidza yekuunza simbi kumashure ekupisa mushure mekurapwa kwekushisa (zvakadai sekuvhara, normalizing kana kushungurudzika kunetseka) kudzivirira kupora kunobva pakuchinja zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimbi yesimbi. Kuchenesa kunoguma mukuoma kwesimbi pahutano hwakadaro hunozara hunoita.
Kuvharwa Kwakaitwa Sei?
Chinangwa chakanaka mapurogiramu, kukamanikidzwa kwemhepo mweya, mvura yakachena, mvura yemunyu nemafuta zvese zvinogona kushandiswa kuita basa rokudzima.
Mvura inzira inobatsira kana chinangwa chacho ndechokuti midziyo iwedzere kuoma. Zvisinei, kushandisa mvura kunogona kutungamirira simbi kuputika kana kushandiswa. Kana kuoma kwakanyanya kusingadikanwi, saka mamwe mhizha yakadai semaminerari emafuta, whale mafuta kana mafuta ane kottenied anogona kushandiswa mukudzima kwechinangwa pane.
The Impact of the Quench Rate
Nekunonoka kwekudzivirira kwemazinga, masimba e thermodynamic ane mikana yakawanda yekushandura microstructure. Dzimwe nguva, izvi zvinogadziriswa zvinosarudzwa, ndicho chikonzero mhizha dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa kuita cheenching. Mafuta, somuenzaniso, ane cheenching rate iyo yakadzika kupfuura mvura. Kuchenesa mukati memvura yakasvibirira kunoda kufambisa mvura yakapoteredza denderedzwa resimbi kuti kuderedza mhepo kubva pasi. Zvimedu zvehutu zvinopesana nemhepo nemhepo kunotonhorera kusvikira vapinda.
Sei Kuchenesa Kuchiitwa?
Kakawanda kunoshandiswa kuomesera mahofisi, mvura inodzima kubva kutsimba pamusoro pemvura inotonhora inotyisa ichaita kuti carbon inobatwa mukati mekati.
Izvi zvinotungamirira kune zvakaoma uye zvakajeka martensitic nzvimbo. Austetite inoreva mashizha esimbi ane gamma-iron base, uye martensite rudzi rwakasimba rwesimbi yekriststall structure. Kuchenesa martensite tsvina kwakanyanyisa uye kwakasimbiswa. Somugumisiro, kuvharwa kwesimbi kunowanzosvika pakugadzirisa.
Kazhinji, simbi ichava yakanyorova mumafuta, munyu, mabhati ekufambisa kana mune mavhiri nemhepo inoparidzirwa nevhuni kuti vadzorere dzimwe ductility (kukwanisa kutsungirira kushungurudzika kwenguva refu) uye kuoma kunorasikirwa nekushandurwa ku martensite. Mushure mokunge simbi yakanyoroveswa, inonatswa nokukurumidza, zvishoma nezvishoma kana kwete, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, zvikurukuru kana simbi iri mubvunzo iri nyore kukurumidza kutsamwa-brittleness.
Mukuwedzera kune martensite uye austenite temperature, kushandiswa kwehuni hwesimbi kunosanganisira ferrite, pearlite, cementite uye kutonhora kwebhainite. Iyo delta ferrite inoshanduka inoitika apo simbi inopisa kunzvimbo yakakwirira yezinga yesimbi. Maererano neWelding Institute muGreat Britain, inoumba "painotonhorera pasi carbon carbon in iron-carbon alloys kubva mumvura inenge isati yashandurwa isati yachinja."
Pearlite yakasikwa panguva inononoka kugadzirisa mushonga wesimbi alloys. Bainite inouya nenzira mbiri: kumusoro nepamusoro bainite. Iyo inobudiswa pakuderera kunononoka kunotapira kudarika martensite kuumbwa asi pakukurumidza kunotonhora kudarika firrite uye pearlite fomu.
Kuchenesa kunodzivirira simbi kubva pakucheka kubva kune austetite kusvika kune ferrite uye cementite. Chinangwa chacho ndechokuti simbi inopinda chikamu chemartensitic.