Chii Chinoshandiswa Sirivha?
Mapurisa anoshandiswa anogona kugoverwa mumativi mashanu:
- Kuvaka
- Kutakura
- Simba
- Packaging
- Appliances and Industry
Kuvakwa:
Ruzhinji rwesimbi runoenda kumhizha yekuvaka. Simba rekusimudzira masimba rinogona kuvakwa nokukurumidza pamutengo wakaderera. Sirasi, mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye alloys, inogona kugadzirirwa kuita zvinodiwa nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana, iyo inobvumira kuti iiswe muzvivakovheni munzvimbo dzose. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo chimiro chacho chinoratidzwa, simbi inogona kushandiswa kana kuti inobatwa nepamusoro pakudzivirira.
Kubudirira kwemaitiro ekugadzira mashizha anobudirira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20 kwakabatsira pakukura kwezvitima kumativi ose enyika pamwe nekuuya kwekuvakwa kwepamusoro-soro. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakakurumbira dzezvakaitika kare, dzakadai seWorld State Building, dzine simbi sechinhu chikuru chekuvaka.
Sirasi inogonawo kuwanikwa mu:
- dzimba dzakadzika uye dzakakwirira
- dzidzo uye zvivako zvechipatara
- mitambo yemitambo, zvivako
- reinforced concrete
- bhulogi pamasitadhi mapepa
- piers uye kusungirirwa tambo
- zvikepe
- kupfeka uye kudenga
- mahofisi
- tunnels
- kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo
- kudzivirirwa kwegungwa uye mafashamo
Kutakurwa:
Mahofisi ezvejiniya anoshandiswa mahofisi ayo akagadzirirwa kuti ave nehuwandu hwehutano hwakasimba , simba , ductility, uye kurwisana nekuora.
Iyo inoshandiswa muinjiniya yakawanda uye inogadzirwa, asi huwandu hunoenda kutakura motokari.
Sirasi inobhadhara kupfuura 50% inorema yevheji yemotokari. Yakagadziridzwa yakakwirira-masimba ane simba (AHSS) anoshandiswa mumotokari. Icho chinhu chakareruka chinoda simba shoma kuti rigone uye kuderedza kubudisa kwe CO2.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa mumotokari yemasuo, masuo, injini, gearbox, kutungamirira, kusimisirwa, magirasi engoro, uye mukati.
Kunze kwemusika wemotokari, simbi inowanikwa mune zvinhu zvokutakura zvakadai se:
- matori
- transmissions
- zvitima
- rairi
- zvikepe
- anchor chains
- ndege inochengetedzwa
- jet engines components
Simba:
Zvikamu zvose zvemasimba emagetsi, kusanganisira simba renyukireya, simba remhepo, magetsi uye gasi rechisikigo, zvinoda mari yekugadzirisa zvinhu. Sirasi inoshandiswawo pakutsvaga zvinyorwa, zvakadai sezvikwata zvekunze kwepasi, pasi-kufamba uye kumisa zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo, magirasi, uye makanikiti. Pamusana pemamiriro ezvinhu anoshaya, carbon, micro-alloyed, simba guru uye mashizha asina tsvina zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemapuratifomu emahombekombe uye mapaipi.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, mamwe mabasa akawanda emagetsi anotsigira pane zvakawanda zvesimbi:
- mafuta uye gesi zvakanaka uye mapurisa
- mapaipi
- magetsi magetsi emagetsi
- magetsi pylons
- mavhiri emhepo
- kutumira shongwe
- magetsi magetsi
- transformer cores
- electromagnetic shields
Packaging:
Sirivha yepurasitiki inodzivirira zvinhu kubva mumvura, mhepo, uye kujekesa chiedza, uye inoshandiswa zvakare. Iyi nzira yekuchengetedza yakave yakapoteredza kwemakore anopfuura 200.
Sirasi inobvumira kukurumidza-kuzadza uye kurerutsa, zviri nyore kuzarura. Packaging steels inowanzogadzirwa kubva pakadzika carbon-rolled steel strip uye inopera. Iyo simbi yakaiswa pasi kuitira kudzivirira kupisa uye yakaputirwa nepolymmer, lacquered, uye yakadhindwa. Ruzhinji rwehutu hwepurasitiki runoenda kune chikafu nechinwiwa chekumwa, chinoteverwa nemuganhu wakazara, aerosols, nekuvhara (semuenzaniso, mabhodhoro emabhodhoro).
Kugadzirisa uye Indasitiri:
Inenge 75% yehuremu hwemagetsi edzimba inobva kumatare. Sirasi inowanika mumidziyo yakafanana nemafriji, mashizha ekuchenesa, ovini, microwaves, zvinonwiwa, zvigunwe, nezvimwewo.
Sirasi inobhadharawo mishonga yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zvakadai semotokari yepurazi nemichina, matangi ekuchengetedza, zvishandiso, zvivako, zvikwata, uye midziyo yekudzivirira.
Sources:
The World Steel Association.
http://www.steeluniversity.org (archive)
IAmerican Iron and Steel Institute. Steelworks: Online Resource for Steel.
http://www.steel.org