Misika Iyo Inotengesa $ 5.1 Trillion PER DAY
Iyo Inoshanda Sei
Zvose zvekutengeserana kwemari zvakaitwa muviri. Iwe unotengesa mari yako kutenga imwe. Munhu wese anofamba akawana mari yekunze aita zvinotengeswa kare. Somuenzaniso, paunenge uchienda kuzororo kuenda kuEurope, iwe unoshandura mari kudhura ma euro pamutengo wekuenda. Iwe uri kutengesa US madhora uye kutenga ma Euro. Paunodzoka, iwe unoshandura euro yako mumadhora. Iwe uri kutengesa euro uye kutenga US dollars.
Rudzi rwakanyanya kunyatsozivikanwa rwekufambisa kwekutengeserana ibasa rekutengesa. Iko kushandiswa nyore kwedzimwe mari kushandisa imwe mari. Iwe unowanzogamuchira mari yekunze pakarepo. Zvakafanana nokutsinhanisa mari yefendo. Isungano iri pakati pevatengesi uye mushambadzi, kana mutengesi. Mutengesi anotenga mari yakasiyana-siyana pamutengo wekutenga kubva kumusika wemakiti uye anotengesa mari yakasiyana pamutengo wokutengesa. Mutengo wekutenga unenge wakakwirira kudarika mutengo wokutengesa. Misiyano iri pakati peiyo inonzi "kupararira." Iyi ndiyo mari yekutengeserana kune mutengesi, iyo ndeyoyo iyo inobhadharwa nemushambadzi.
Iwe wakabhadhara ichi kupararira usingazvizivi apo iwe wakashandura madhora ako ema euro. Iwe unozozviona kana iwe ukagadzira mutengesi, wakanatsa rwendo rwako ndokubva waedza kugovana nayo euro kubva kudhora pakarepo. Iwe haungatore mari yakafanana yemadhora zvakare.
Chimwe chikamu chikuru chekutengeserana mari ndeyekunze kune imwe nyika swaps.
Mapato maviri anobvumirana kubhadhara mari kubva kune mumwe kune imwe nzvimbo pamba. Vanobvumirana kudzokera shure pane imwe zuva panguva yemberi. Central mabhangi anoshandisa swapu idzi kuchengetedza mari dzedzimwe nyika dziripo kune mabheji avo. Mabhangi anoshandisa iyo kweusiku uye nguva pfupi yekukwereta chete. Yakawanda inopatsanidza mitsara inobatana , iyo inoreva kuti inongova pakati pemabhengi maviri enyika. Vatengesi, vatengesi, nevatengesi vanobatanidzwawo mumaputi.
Mabhizimisi mazhinji anotenga mabasa epamberi. Zvakafanana nekutengeserana kwenzvimbo, kunze kwekutsinhanisa kunoitika munguva yemberi. Iwe unobhadhara mari shoma kuti uve nechivimbo chokuti iwe uchawana chibvumirano-pari pane imwe nguva munguva yemberi. Inotengeserana mberi yekutengeserana iwe unobva pamatambudziko emari. Inokuchengetedza kubva pangozi yekuti mari yako yemari ichasimudzwa nenguva yaunenge uchida.
Kutengeswa kwepfupi rudzi rwekutengeserana mberi kwaunotengesa mari yekunze kutanga . Iwe unoita izvi nekukwereta kubva kumutengesi. Iwe unovimbisa kuzvitenga munguva yemberi pamutengo unobvumirana. Iwe unoita izvi kana iwe uchifunga kuti kukosha kwemari kuchawira munguva yemberi. Mabhizimusi anoshora mari kuti vadzivirire pangozi. Asi kukanganisa kune ngozi. Kana iyo mari inokwira inokosha, unofanira kutenga iyo kubva kumutengesi pamutengo iwoyo.
Izvo zvinobatsira uye zvinotyisa sezvikwata zvekutengesa pfupi .
Vatorwa kune dzimwe nyika vanogona kukupa kodzero yekutenga mari yekunze pane kubvumirana-pazuva uye mutengo. Iwe hauna kusungirwa kuti uutenge, iyo ndiyo nzira yakasarudzwa yakasiyana nesangano rekutanga.
Mari Mari Inotengesa Zuva Ripi?
Bhizinesi renyika dzepasi rese rekuongorora tsananguro rinoshambadza zuva rekutanga forex rekutengesa kwemakore ose matatu. Muna Kubvumbi 2016, yaiva $ 5.067 trillion. Heino kuputika, mumabhiriyoni:
| Tora | Nhamba | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Swaps | $ 2.378 | 48% |
| Spot | $ 1,652 | 33% |
| Forwards | $ .699 | 14% |
| Sarudzo | $ .254 | 5% |
| Total | $ 5.067 | 100% |
Iyi nhamba iri pamusungo-net net. Iko kusingabatanidzi mabhuku akawandisa anowanikwa apo mari inotengeswa pakati penyika. Apo zvinyorwa izvi zvakabatanidzwa, izvo zvinonzi chikwata-chakakomba, chikamu chakakwana $ 6.514 trillion.
Kutengeserana kuri kuderera zvishoma kubva ku rekodhi $ 5.357 trillion yakatengeswa muna April 2013.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuderera kwemashamba ekutengeserana. Muna 2010, $ 3.9 triloni inoshandiswa mu forex pazuva. Muna 2007, kusati kwasvika mutengo wepamusoro kwakakonzera $ 3.324 trillion inoshandiswa zuva nezuva. Kutengeserana kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwakaramba kuri kukura kuburikidza nedambudziko rezvemari ra2008 Muna 2004, chete $ 1.934 trillion yakatengeswa zuva nezuva.
Yakatengesa Zvikwereti Zvikwereti
Muna Mbudzi 2016, 88 muzana yemabhizimisi akaitika pakati peDhora reAmerica uye imwewo mari. Iuro inotevera inotevera 31%. Izvo zvichibva ku39 muzana munaEpril 2010. The yen inotengesa kutengeswa yakadzoka nesimba. Basa rayo rakasimuka kubva pa17 muzana muna 2007 kusvika ku 22 muzana muna 2016. Kutengeswa muChinese yeChina kunopfuura kaviri kubva pa2 muzana muna 2013 kusvika 4 muzana muna 2016.
Icho chati iri pasi apa kubva kuBIS inoratidzira mari gumi yakakwirira uye yezana remabhizimisi emari pasi rose muna 2016.
| Mari | % yeWorld Trade |
| USD (US Dollar) | 88 |
| EUR (Euro) | 31 |
| JPY (Yen) | 22 |
| GBP (Pound) | 13 |
| AUD (Australian Dollar) | 7 |
| CHF (Swiss Franc) | 5 |
| CAD (Canadian Dollar) | 5 |
| CNY (Chinese Yuan) | 4 |
| MXN (Mexican Peso) | 2 |
| NZD (New Zealand Dollar) | 2 |
Vatengesi Vakanyanya Kukuru
Mabhangi ndivo vatengesi vakakurumbira, vanoverengera makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ekudzoka kwezuva nezuva. Icho chinotora mari yebhagheni iyo yakaona purofiti yavo inoderera shure kwe subprime mortgage crisis. Makambani ekubhadhara mari nguva dzose anotarisa nzira itsva uye dzinobatsira dzekuisa mari. Mari yekutengesa inzvimbo yakakwana yevadzidzisi vezvemari vane uwandu hunyanzvi hwokutsvaga munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Mari yeHedge uye makambani ekutengeserana ane chikwata anouya wechipiri uye anopa 11 muzana. Kunyange zvazvo vachimiririra chikamu chiduku, kutengeserana kwavo kuri kuwedzera nokuda kwechikonzero chakafanana nebhangi '.
Mari yepensheni nemakambani einishuwarenzi ndezvemhosva kune imwe 11 muzana yemutengo wose.
Makambani anopa zvikamu 9 chete. Multinationals inofanira kutengesa mari dzedzimwe nyika kuti dzidzivirire kukosha kwekutengesa kwavo kune dzimwe nyika. Kana zvisina kudaro, kana kukosha kweimwe nyika yenyika kuchiderera, kutengeswa kwenyika dzakawanda zvakare. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kunyange kana ivhu rezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa richikura.
Nei Kutengeserana Kwekufananidzira Kwakanyanya Kwazvo
Forex kusagadzikana kuri kuderera, kuderedza dambudziko kune vashandi. Mukupera kwema1990, kusagadzikana kwaive kazhinji mumakore ekuyaruka. Iko dzimwe nguva yakasimuka kusvika yakakwirira se20 muzana ne US dollar neye yen business. Nhasi, kusazvipira kuri pasi pe10 muzana. Nhamba iyi inofunga nezvenhoroondo yekusagadzikana kwenyika, kana kuti mari yakawanda yakwira uye yakadini munguva yakapfuura. Icho chinosanganisirawo kusava nehanya. Ndiyo matengo emangwana anotarisirwa kuenzaniswa, sezvinoenzaniswa nezvamangwana masarudzo .
Nei kushaya simba kuri kuderera? Chimwe, kutengesa kwenyika kwave kwakaderera uye kwakagadzikana muhupfumi hwakawanda. Central mabhangi akadzidza nzira yekuyera, kutarisira, uye kugadzirisa kutengesa kwenyika.
Maviri, central bank policy maitiro akajeka. Vanonyatsoratidza chiratidzo chavanenge vachida kuita. Somugumisiro, misika ine mukana wakaderera wekunyanyisa.
Zvitatu, nyika dzakawanda dzakavakawo hukuru hwekutsinhanisa mari . Vanovabata kunyange mumabhanki avo makuru kana mari yehupfumi . Iyi mari inoderedza kufungidzira kwemari kunokonzera kusagadzikana.
Zvine, teknolojia yepamusoro inobvumira kupindura nokukurumidza kune chikamu chevatengesi vekare. Inotungamirira kune shanduko dzekushandura mari. Vazhinji vatengesi varipo, inowedzera maitirwo anoitwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuwedzerwa kuwedzera mumusika.
Zvishanu, dzimwe nyika dziri kutora kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuchinja , izvo zvinobvumira kufamba kwepanyama uye zvishoma nezvishoma. Fixed exchange rates inowanzoita kuti mhirizhonga ivakwe. Apo misika inowedzera kuzvipedza pamugumo, inokonzera kukurumidza kukuru kuchinjana mari. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kwekubuda kwemari yemari. Flexible exchange exchange rates ichaita kuti ivo vawedzere kukosha mune zvenyika. Nyika "BRIC" ( Brazil , Russia , India , neChina ) yakaratidza kusakonzerwa nekuderedza nyika kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, saka vatengesi vekare vaipindira mune mari yavo. Muna 2013, dzimwe nyika idzi dzakatanga kutadza, dzichitungamirira kuEksodho uye kuderera kwekutsvaga kwemari yavo.
Chikonzero nei Recession haina Kuderedza Kudyidzana
I-BIS yakashamisika kuti kutengesa kwacho hakuna kuchinja kukura kwekutengeserana kwepamberi sezvazvaiita kune mamwe marudzi akawanda emari yemari. Ongororo yeBIS yakawana kuti 85 muzana yekuwedzera kwaive nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekutengeserana kubva kune "mamwe masangano emari."
Vashoma vashoma-vatengesi vatengesi vanoita zvakawanda zvemashizha. Vazhinji vavo vanoshandira mabhengi, avo vari kuwedzera ichi nzvimbo yebhizimisi ravo nekuda kwevatengesi vakawanda. Last but not least is an increase in online trading by sales (or ordinary) investors. Zvakava nyore nyore kune ose aya mapoka ekutengesa zvemagetsi.
Iyi kuchinja kunowanikwa nekutengeserana kwegoridhi, zvakare inonzi chirongwa chekutengesa. Nyanzvi dzekombiyuta, kana kuti "quant jocks," inogadzira mapurogiramu anongotanga kuita mishonga apo mamwe maitiro akazosangana. Izvo zviyero zvinogona kuva pakati pebhangi kudiwa kwekuchinja kwekuchinja, kuwedzera kana kuderera mumutengo wakakura wepamba , kana kuchinja kwekukosha kwedhora racho pacharo. Kana imwe yezviyero izvi zvasangana, basa racho rinowanzoitwa.
Iyo Inoshusha Sei Mari yeUnited States
Pasi pose, kuderera kwekutsvaga mukutengeserana kwepamberi kunoreva njodzi shoma muhupfumi hwepasi pose kupfuura mumakumi emakore adarika. Sei? Central mabhangi ave akachenjera. Uyewo, misika ye forex ikozvino yakanyanyisa. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti hazvisi zvishoma kuti zvigadziriswe. Somugumisiro, kurasikirwa kukuru kunobva pakuchinja kwemari chete, sezvatakaona muAsia muna 1998, hazvigoneki kuitika.
Vatengesi vachiri kunyatsofungidzira mumusika wepamberi kunyange zvakadaro. MunaMay 2015, mabhanga mana (Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, Barclays, uye Royal Bank yeScotland) vakabvuma kubhadhara dzimwe nyika mari. Vanobatana neBBS, Bank of America, uye HSBC, avo vakatobvumirana nekugadzirisa mutengo uye kuungana pamwe chete kuti vashandise mari dzekunze kune dzimwe nyika. Kuongorora kwakabatana nekuongorora kweLibor .
Kunyangwe pasina kunze kwekugadzirisa mutengo, vatengesi vanogona kugadzira mazai emafuta mukunze kwenyika. Zvingave zvakamboitika nedhora reUnited States muna 2014 uye mugore rekupedzisira ra2008. Dhora rakasimba rinoita kuti US inotengeserana isaderedzwe. Inopedza GDP kukura . Kana vatengesi vachikumbira dhora iri pasi, nyika dzinogadzira mafuta dzichamutsa mutengo wemafuta, nokuti mafuta anotengeswa mumadhora. Kuwedzera kwekutengeserana kwepamberi kunoda kuve nekugadziriswa zviri nani kuitira kuti usadzivirire zvingave zvinogona kuitika uye mabhasi.