Ndekupi Mari Yakakosha Inotungamirirwa Zvadaro?
Exchange Rates
Dhora rekushandurwa kwemari rinoenzanisa kukosha kwayo kune mari dzedzimwe nyika. Iko inokubvumira kuti uone kuti mari yakawanda yei iwe unogona kuchinjana nedhora.
Inonyanya kuzivikanwa nehuwandu hwekushandura kwehuwandu ndiyo US Dollar Index®.
Izvi zvinoshandura zuva rimwe nerimwe nokuti mari inoshandiswa pamusika wekunze kwekunze . Nhamba ye forex yekukosha inotarisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira central bank interest rates , chikwereti chenyika uye simba rehupfumi hwayo. Kana iine simba, ndizvo zvakaita kukosha kwemari. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Hurumende Inotungamira Sei kuchinja kwehuwandu ?
Nyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira kutanga kwekutengesa kuti uone kukosha kwemari yavo. Vane shanduro yekushandura yakawanda. Tsvaga kukosha kwechiroro ichienzaniswa nerupee, yen, Canadian dollar uye pound mu US Dollar Rate .
Izvozvi muenzaniso wekuti euro yakayera sei kukosha kwemadhora kubva muna 2002 kusvika muna 2015. Kuvandudza, ona Euro kusvika kuDollar Conversion .
2002-2007 - Dhora rakaderera ne40 muzana sezvo chikwereti cheUnited States chichikura ne60 muzana. Muna 2002, euro yakabhadhara $ 0.87 zvichienderana ne $ 1.44 muna December 2007.
(Kubva: Federal Reserve , Exchange Rates)
2008 - Dhora rakasimbiswa ne 22 muzana sezvo mabhizinesi akachengetedza madhora munguva yematambudziko emari enyika . Pakazosvika gore, euro yakabhadhara $ 1.39.
2009 - Dhora rakaderera ne20 muzana nekuda kwekutya chikwereti. Pakazosvika December, euro yakabhadhara $ 1.43.
2010 - Dambudziko rechikwereti rechiGiriki rakasimbisa dhora.
Pakazosvika gore, euro inongodarika $ 1.32 chete.
2011 - Kukosha kwemadhora kwe euro kunowedzerwa ne10 muzana. Iyo yakazotevera yakawanazve pasi. Kubva musi waDecember 30, 2011, euro yakabhadhara $ 1.2973.
2012 - Pakupera kwa2012, euro yakabhadhara $ 1.3186 sezvo dhora rainge risina simba.
2013 - Dhora rakarashika kukosha pamusoro pe euro, sezvo yakaonekwa pakutanga kuti European Union ndiyo yakagadzirisa matambudziko eEurozone . Pakazosvika December, zvairema $ 1.3779.
2014 - Yuro kudhora rekushandura mari yakawira $ 1.21, nekuda kwevatengesi vanotiza euro.
2015 - Yuro kudhora mari inoshandiswa yakaderera kusvika pa $ 1.05 muna March, isati yakwira kusvika $ 1.13 muna May. Yakawira $ 1.05 mushure mokunge kuParis kurwisa munaNovember, isati yapedzisa gore pa $ 1.08.
2016 - Yuro yakasimuka kusvika pa $ 1.13 musi waFebruary 11 sezvo Dow yakawira mumusika wekugadziriswa. Yakapfuurira kune $ 1.11 panaJune 25. Izvi zvakaitika zuva rakatevera United Kingdom yakasarudza kubva kuEuropean Union. Vatengesi vaifunga kusatendeseka kwakapoteredza vhoti iyo yaizopedza simba reEuropean. Gare gare, misika yakanyarara pashure pokuziva kuti Brexit yaizotora makore. Iro yakabvumira euro kukwira ku $ 1.13 muna August. Pasina nguva refu, euro yakaderera kusvika 2016 iri pasi pe $ 1.04 musi waDecember 20, 2016.
2017 - PakaMeyi, euro yakasimuka kusvika $ 1.09. Vashandi vanosiya mari iyi nokuda kwe euro nemhaka yezvakataurwa zvekubatana pakati peMutungamiri Trump's administration neRussia. Panguva iyoyo kuguma kwegore, euro yakasimuka kusvika $ 1.1979.
2018 - Yuro yakaramba ichikwira. Musi waFebruary 15, yaiva $ 1.25.
Treasury Notes
Kukosha kwechidoti kazhinji kunowirirana nechishuwo cheMarikiti manotsi. Dhipatimendi reMariki inotengesa zvinyorwa zvechikwata chechido chekuda uye chiso chinotarisana. Vashandi vanobhadhara muAprivate auction zvimwe kana zvishoma kudarika chiso , uye vanogona kuzvidzosera pamusika wechipiri. High kuda zvinoreva kuti vatengesi vanobhadhara kupfuura zvinotarisana nechiso, uye vanobvuma kukohwa kwepasi. Kutsvaga kwakaderera kunoreva kuti vatengesi vanobhadhara pasi pekutarisana kwemaziso uye vanogamuchira kukohwa kwakakwirira. Ndicho chikonzero kukohwa kwakanyanya kunoreva kuderedza dollar kunoda kusvikira chibereko chikapamusoro zvakakosha kuti chigadzire chitsva che dollar chichida.
Pamberi paEpril 2008, chibage chakaramba chakaita 3.91 kubva kune 4.2%. Izvozvo zvakaratidza kudarika dollar inoda semari yenyika .
2008 - Zvibereko zvinotaridzika makore gumi nemakumi mashanu kubva ku3,57 muzana kusvika kune 2.93 muzana (April 2008-March 2009), sezvo dhora rakasimuka. Yeuka, chibereko chinowira chinoreva kuwedzera kwekuda kweHadurys uye madhora.
2009 - Dhora rakawa sezvo chibereko chaibva 2.15 kubva kune 3.28 muzana.
2010 - Dhora racho rakasimbiswa, sezvo chibereko chakatapukira kubva pa385 kusvika ku2,41 muzana (January 1 -October 10). Izvo zvakabva zvanyanyisa nekuda kwekutengesa kwekutengesa kubva kuFed yekutengesa kunyoresa 2 sarudzo.
2011 - Dhora rakaderera mumunda wekutanga kwegore asi rakasimbiswa pakuguma kwegore. Iko makore gumi nemakumi mashanu ehurumende yemari inobhadharwa mari yepamusoro yakave 3.36 muzana munaJanuary, yakasimuka kusvika pa375 muzana munaFebruary, ikakwira kusvika kusvika 1,89 muzana neDecember 30.
2012 - Dhora racho rakasimbiswa zvikuru, sezvo chibereko chakatora muna June kusvika ku444 kubva muzana - gore remakore mazana maviri. Dhora racho rakaneta kusvika kumagumo egore, sezvo chibereko chakwira kusvika pa1,78 muzana.
2013 - Dhora rakaderera zvishomanana, sezvo chibereko pamakore gumi nemakumi mashanu kubva muRwanda kubva muna 1.86 muzana munaJanuary kusvika ku04,4 kubva muna December 31.
2014 - Dhora racho rakasimbiswa kuburikidza negore, sezvo chibereko pamakore gumi emari Chivigiro chakawira kubva ku3,5 muzana munaJanuary kusvika ku 2.17 kubva pamakore.
2015 - Dhora rakasimbiswa munaJanuary, sezvo mutengo wemakore gumi wemari wezvivigiro wakabva pa212 muzana munaJanuary kusvika pa1,68 muzana muna February. Dhora racho rakaora sezvo chibereko chakanga chakasvika kusvika ku228 muzana muna May. Yakapera gore pa2.2%.
2016 - Dhora racho rakasimbiswa sezvo chibereko chakaramba chichienda ku 1.37 muzana musi waJuly 8, 2016. Dhora rakaderera sezvo chibereko chakawedzera kusvika ku 2.45 muzana pagore rapera.
2017 - Dhora rakaderera sezvo zvibereko zvakakunda peji ye2.22 muzana musi waMarch 13. Dhora rakakura zvakanyanya sezvo chibereko chakawira ku 2.05 muzana musi waSeptember 7. Zvibereko zvakasvika kusvika 2.49 musi waDecember 20, zvichigumisa gore pa 2.40.
2018 - Dhora rakaramba richiora. Pakavabvumbi 15, chibereko pamakore gumi-gumi chakange chave 2.9 muzana. Vatengesi vaishushikana nezvekudzoka kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu. (Kubva: US Treasury, Daily Treasury Yopa Zvikwereti zveCheve.)
Kune dzimwe nyika Currency Reserve
Dhora racho rinoshandiswa nehurumende dzekunze mune mari yavo dzinoshandiswa. Vanomuka vachiunganidza madhora sezvo vachitengesa zvakawanda kupfuura zvavanotumira. Vanogamuchira madhora vachibhadhara. Vakawanda venyika idzi vanoona kuti ndizvo zvavanofarira kuti varambe vachiita madhora nokuti inochengetedza mari yavo yakaderera. Mamwe emakona makuru emadhora eU.S. ndiJapan neChina .
Sezvo dollar inoderera , kukosha kwezvinyorwa zvavo kunoderedzawo. Somugumisiro, ivo havasi kuda kutora madhora mubasa. Zvinowanzosiyana mune dzimwe mari, dzakadai se euro kana kunyange chiChinese yuan . Izvi zvinoderedza kudiwa kwedhora. Iko kunowedzera mberi kudzvinyirira pasi pamusoro pekukosha kwayo.
Sezvakagadzirwa nechetatu re 2017 (mushumo mutsva), kwaive ne $ 6.125 trillion mune zvekunze zvehurumende dzinoshandiswa mumadhora. Ndiyo yakakwirira kupfuura gore rapfuura. Ndiyo 64 kubva muzana yehuwandu hunogona kuwanikwa. Izvo zvichibva ku 67 muzana muna Q3 ya2008. Uku kuderera kunoreva kuti hurumende dzenyika dziri kutora mari yavo yekuchengetedza kunze kwemadhora. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukosha kweEuro yakachengetwa munzvimbo dzakachengetwa kwakawedzera kubva ku $ 393 mabhiriyoni muna 2008 kusvika kune rekodi ye $ 1.932 trillion. Izvi zvakaitika pasinei nedambudziko reEurozone . Kunyange zvakadaro, kubata muEuro kunodarika chikamu chetatu chemari yakabhadharwa mumadhora. (Chinobva: "MASHOKO ECHOKWADI," International Monetary Fund .)
Kunyanya kukosha kweDhora kunobatsira sei US Economy
Apo dhora rinosimbisa, rinoita kuti zvinhu zveAmerica zvakagadzirwa zvinodhura zvakanyanya uye zvishoma kudzvinyirira kana zvichienzaniswa nekunze kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kubuda kweUnited States , zvichiita kuti kuderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi . Iyo inotungamirirawo kumadhura emafuta emvura , sezvo mafuta inopindirwa mumadhora. Chero pose apo dhora rinosimbisa, nyika inogadzira mafuta inogona kusunungura mutengo wemafuta, nokuti mari inobatsira mumari yavo yemunharaunda haigadziriswi.
Semuenzaniso, dhora rinofanirwa ne 3.75 vaSaid riyals. Ngatitaurei kuti chirongo chemafuta chinobhadhara madhora zana, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise 375 vaSaid riyals. Kana dhora racho richisimbisa ne20 muzana rinopesana ne euro, kukosha kweraridhi, iyo yakagadzirirwa kudhora, uye yakasimuka ne20 muzana inopesana ne euro. Kuti atenge chiFrench chikafu, Saudis anokwanisa kubhadhara zvishoma kudarika zvavakaita dhora risati rasimba . Ndicho chikonzero Saudis aisazofanira kukonzera kugoverwa kwemafuta emafuta kwakawira $ 30 mubharani muna 2015. Tsvaga nzira dzakawanda dzinokubata iwe muHu Value yeMari .
Kukosha kweDhora Kupfuura Nguva
Kukosha kwedhora kunogona kufananidzwa kune izvo zvingadai zvakatengwa muUnited States munguva yakapfuura. Ita kuti uenzanise nezvakaitika muNhasi's Dollar Value .
Chikwereti chiri kukura muUnited States chinotakura kumashure kwepfungwa dzevatorwa vanobva kunze kwenyika. Ndicho chikonzero, munguva yakareba, vanogona kuramba vachiita zvishomanana zvishoma vachienda kunze kwemaidhinari emadhora. Izvo zvichaitika nenzira inononoka kuitira kuti irege kuderedza kukosha kwemaoko avo aripo. Idziviriro yakanakisisa kune mumwe munhu wekusimbisa mari ndiyo imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana iyo inosanganisira kunze kwemari mari .
Dollar Value Trends kubva muna 2002 kusvika muna July 2017
Kubvira muna 2002 kusvikira muna 2011, dhora rakaramba. Izvi zvaiva zvechokwadi nezviyero zvose zvitatu. Imwe, vatengesi vaifunga nezvekukura kwechikwereti cheU.S. Vatori venyika dzekune imwe chikwereti chechikwereti ichi nguva dzose havanzwisisiki kuti Federal Reserve inobvumira kukosha kwechikwata kuderera kuitira kuti US rebhadharo yemari chikwereti hachina kukoshika mune mari yavo pachavo. Sangano reFed's easing easing rakagadzirisa mari chikwereti , nokudaro richibvumira kusimbisa kwekugadzira kwedhora. Izvi zvakaitwa kuchengeta chido chezvibereko pasi. Kamwe purogiramu yacho yapera, vatengesi vakakura vakashushikana kuti dollar inogona kuderedza.
Vaviri, chikwereti chakaisa mutsigiri kumutungamiri neCongress kuti vaudze mitero kana kuti kuderedza kushandiswa kwemari. Uku kunetseka kwakakonzera kusarudzwa . Yakarambidza kushandiswa uye yakaderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi. Vatengesi vakatumirwa kutengesa kudzoka kwakanyanya kune dzimwe nyika.
Vatatu, vatengesi vemamwe nyika vanosarudza kuparadzanisa zvikwata zvavo uye kwete mari inodhindwa.
Pakazosvika 2011 na2016 dhora rakasimbiswa. Pakanga pane zvikonzero zvitanhatu dhora rakava rakasimba kwazvo :
- Vashandi vanozvidya mwoyo nezvechirwere chechikwereti chechiGiriki . Inoderedza kuda kwe euro , kusarudzwa kwenyika yechipiri kune mari yenyika yose .
- IEuropean Union yakatsunga kuwedzera kukura kwezvoupfumi kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekugadzirisa .
- Muna 2015, kuchinja kwehupfumi kwakaita kuti China iwedzere . Yakaita kuti vatengesi vadzokere muDhora reAmerica.
- Dhora iri nzvimbo mune imwe nhamo yenyika yose. Vatengesi vakatenga US Treasurys kudzivisa njodzi sezvo nyika yakadzoka isina kufanana kubva muna 2008 matambudziko emari uye kuderedza .
- Pasinei nokuchinja, zvose China neJapan zvakaramba zvichizotenga madhora kuti vatonge kukosha kwemari yavo. Yakavabatsira kusimbisa kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nekuita kuti vasvike.
- IWatch Reserve yakaratidza kuti yaizosimudza mari yakadyiwa mari. Izvozvo zvakaitwa muna 2015. Vatengesi vezveruzhinji vakashandisa zvikwereti zvakakwirira sezvo kuyerwa kwemari kweEurope kwakaderera. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona ?
Kubva muna 2016, dhora rakaderera. Yakapora zvishomanana pashure peBrexit, asi yakaramba ichienda shure kwekusarudzwa kweMutungamiri Trump.