Iko Kunoda kudiwa QE2 nokuti QE1 haina kushanda zvakakwana uye yakarongwa.
IFid yakatenga zvigadziro kubva kumabhangi kuti iomanikidze kuti varambe vari pasi pasi. Kazhinji, izvi zvingavakurudzira kuti vape mari yakawanda, kuwedzerwa mari uye kuwedzera kukura. Asi mabhanga haana kuwedzera kukweretesa sezvo Fed yaida. Vakangoramba vakabata pane chikwereti chakawedzerwa, vachichishandisa kuti vanyora foreclosures kana kungozvichengetedza kana vaida. Mabhanga anoti havana kukwanisa kuwana vanhu vakakwana vakakodzerwa nekwereti mushure mekuderera. Havana kutaura kuti vakawanda vakanga vakwegura mari yavo yekukweretesa kubva muna 2007, vachitarisira kudzivisa chikwereti chakaipa.
Saka, Fed yakachinjwa. Iyo yakazivisa kuti yaizochengetedza kubata kwayo pa $ 2.054 trillion level. Inogona kutenga $ 30 mabhiriyoni pamwedzi mumasangano mashoma-awa, akadai semakore gumi emari . Chinangwa chayo chaiva chekuchengetedza zvikwereti zviduku zvakanyanya kuita kuti dzimba dziwedzere. Yakanga ichidawo kuita kuti pfuma isakanganise, kumanikidzira vatengesi kuti vadzokere mune zvikwereti.
Nhepfenyuro Yakashandura Pfungwa Yayo neKE2
NeQE2, Fed yakanga iri kuedza kukurudzira kutengesa kwemadiki. Sei? Yakanga ichida kukurudzira hupfumi nekuwedzera kuda . Kana mitengo inomuka zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva, vanhu vanowanzozotenga ikozvino kuti vasachengetedze kuwedzera kwemutengo. Mune mamwe mazwi, kutarisira kwekutsvaga kwezvokudya ndiko mutyairi ane simba wekuda.
Izvo zvinokonzerwa neFed zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvinenge 2 muzana. IFed inoshandisa mutengo wekutsvaga kwezvinhu , izvo zvisingabatanidzi gasi rinokonzerwa negasi uye yezvokudya , sechiri chiyero chekuyera. Gasi mitengo inomuka gore rimwe nerimwe sezvo vatengesi vanotarisira kuwedzera kwekuda kubva kuchiteshi chekutsvaga kwezhizha. Zvokudya zvitsva munguva pfupi kubva pakufambiswa kwekutengesa kune chikamu chikuru chekudya kwekudya. IFid haifaniri kuchinja mutemo wayo wekuita mune zvekutarisana nenguva iyoyo yekuchinja. Ndicho chikonzero Fed inoshandisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera kwemari kana ichioneka isu tatova nekutengesa kwemari muzvokudya uye gasi.
Chii chakaita kuti Fed irege kuchengeta mutemo wayo wekutanga wekudzivirira kuwedzera? Zvakanga zvakanyanyisa kuti hupfumi hunosvibisa huchagadzira kuderedza . Izvi zvinoramba zvakaderera mumatambudziko nguva dzose zvinotyisa kukura kwehupfumi kupfuura kuwedzera kwezvinhu. Muenzaniso wakanakisisa wekuti izvi zvinoshanda sei muimba, izvo zvakasangana nechinenge chema30 kubva muzana zvinodhura mumitengo panguva yekuderera. Kuvonga nekuperera, vanhu vakanga vasinganetseki kutenga dzimba kusvikira mutengo watanga kuwedzera zvakare. Kusvikira izvozvo zvaitika, kusagadzikana kwakachengetwa kumushadziri kumativi. Izvi zvakabvumira kuti mitengo yeimba iwedzere mberi.
Vazhinji vatengesi vemari kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasinganetseki nezvekuparadzana. Vaive vachitya kuti Fed yaizopedza kukosha kwayo, ichiita hyperinflation .
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, apo Fed yazivisa QE2, vatengesi vakatanga kutenga mari yeHurumende yeZvivimbiso Kudzivirirwa , kana MAZANO. Vamwe vakatanga kutenga goridhe, ruzhowa rwakasanangana nehupfumi. Somugumisiro, mutengo wegoridhe wakagadzira zvinyorwa zvitsva.
Nhepfenyuro yakaguma QE2 munaJune 2011. Yakachengetedza chikwereti che $ 2 trillion muzvivimbiso. Zvipembenene zvegoridhe zvakashata zvakadzinga mutengo wezvinhu izvi zvinodarika madhora 1,825 imwechete. Vashandi vangave vachisarudza kuona Fed inotengesa mabhizimusi kana kutomesa mutengo wemari. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, ivo vainyanya kunetseka pamusoro pekutsvaira kwepasi kune hupfumi hunosvibisa.
Sei Kutaura QE2 Kwaive Kwakabudirira Kwazvo
Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke akanga ataura QE2 asati atanga kutenga. Muhurukuro yake yekutanga yekudhinda, akazivisawo kuguma kweEE2 munaEpril 2011, mwedzi mitatu isati rapera. Mariri, akazivisa kuti Fed ichamisa purogiramu yeQE2 pakupera kwaJune.
Bernanke akanga adzidza kubva kubudirire kwaimbova Mutungamiriri weFed Paul Volcker . Akanzwisisa kuti kuisa mutarisiro wevanhu weFed chiito chisati chaitika kwaikosha sezvakaita bhanhire rekuita iro pacharo. Volcker akashandisa kugadzirisa uku kuchenesa kushandiswa kwepagflation yakagadzirwa nevatungamiri vake. Kusamira kwavo-kuenda mutemo wemari, uko kuwedzera kwezvibereko kwakasimuka ndokuwira zvisina kutarisirwa, kuvhiringidzwa kwemisika. Izvozvo zvakagadzira kutarisira kwekugara kwepamusoro. Mabhizimisi anongoramba achiwedzera matengo kuti azvidzivirire kubva pane zvakaitwa neFed zvisingaenderani. Volcker yakapedzisa kuwedzera kwechipiri-tarakimu kuwedzera kuburikidza nekushandura.
Kuongororwa Kufambisa Usati Watanga QE2
QE2 yaive yakashandiswa kushandiswa kwechiripo chaivepo. Izvo zvakadzingwa kare zvakashandisa kushandiswa kwezvakawandisa sechikamu chekuwedzera kwemari yemitemo . Yakatora ma $ 700 mabhiriyoni eMariki ehurumende panguva ipi zvayo. IFed yakashandisa iyi gandai kuti ikurudzire kukura panguva yekudzoka kana kuidzikira pasi panguva yehutu. Asi dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakaneta imwe yeFed tools. Iko Mari inoshandiswa nemari uye iyo inoderedzwa purogiramu yakanga isati yasvika zero, uye Fed yakanga iri kubhadhara chikwereti kune mabhengi ' kuchengetedzwa zvinoda . Ikozvino maFed interest interest rates inotarisa tarisiro yehupfumi yenyika.
Kubva munaNovember 2008, Fed yakaona kuti inofanirwa kukwidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu. Yakazivisa kutanga kwezvino yava kunzi QE1. Iyi purogiramu yaiva itsva. IFed yakawedzera kutenga zvakawanda, inofanirana ne $ 600 mabhiriyoni, zvekutengesa mari-inotsigirwa kuchengetwa kune zvayo nguva dzose kutenga zvePfuma. PakaMarch 2009, Fed yaive inopfuura kaviri kubata chikwereti chebhangi, MBS, uye Treasury inyorera kudhinda $ 1.75 trillion. Gore rakatevera munaJune 2010, kubata kweFed kwaive kwakanyanya, kuisa rekodhi itsva ye $ 2.1 triliyoni. Kufunga kuti hupfumi hwakanga huri kudzoka, Fed yaidzosera zvakare kutenga. Pakazosvika August, yakadzorera QE1. Yakatenga $ 30 mabhiriyoni pamwedzi muHurumende-yakawanda kwenguva yakareba seyakatora makore gumi .
Zvimwe QE Zvirongwa: QE1 | QE3 | Operation Twist | QE4