Chikonzero Nei Imba Yenyu Idzva Ichishanda Zvakawanda Gore Rinotevera
Zvinodzvinyirira hurongwa hwemari ndeyekuti mabhizimusi makuru anoterera sei kuwedzera kwehupfumi. Inonzi inodzvidzora nokuti mabhenji anorega kuvhara. Inoderedza mari yakawanda uye chikwereti kuti mabhengi anogona kukweretesa. Inoderedza mari yekupa mari kuburikidza nokuita zvikwereti, makadhi emakwereti uye mari dzekutengesa zvinodhura. Izvo zvinomirira zvinoda, zvinopedzisira zvichitadzisa hupfumi nehupfumi . Zvinodzvinyirira hurongwa hwemari hunozivikanwawo sekunyoreswa kwemari yemitemo .
Chinangwa
Chinangwa chekudzivirira mitemo yemari ndeyekudzivirira kupera kwezvinhu. Kushandisa zvishoma kunofadza. A 2 muzana yegore yekuwedzera kwemazana inowanikwa zvakanaka kumari nokuti inokurudzira kuda . Vanhu vanotarisira kuti matengo ave akakwirira gare gare, saka vanotenga zvakawanda ikozvino. Ndicho chikonzero mabanki akawanda epamusoro ane chinangwa chekutsvaga kwekutengesa kwe2 %.
Kana kuwedzera kwepabonde kunowedzera zvakanyanya, zvinokuvadza. Vanhu vanotenga zvakanyanya zvino kuti vasabhadhara mitengo yakakwirira gare gare. Izvi zvinokonzera mabhizimisi kubereka zvakawanda kuti vashandise zvinodarika zvakadzama. Kana vasingakwanisi kubereka zvakawanda, vanosimudza mitengo vachiwedzera. Vanotora vashandi vakawanda, saka vanhu vane mari yakakwirira, saka vanopedza zvakawanda. Zvinowanzova nenyonganyonga kana zvichienda kure. Izvozvo nokuti zvinogona kugadzira kugadzirisa kutengesa, uko kuwedzera kuri muviri-mazita. Kunyanya kuipa, inogona kuguma ne hyperinflation , apo mitengo inokwira 50 muzana pamwedzi. Kukura kwehupfumi hakukwanise kuchengetedza nemitengo.
Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Mitemo yeZvirwere .
Kuti udzivise izvi, mabhandi ekumusoro anotsvaga kudiwa kuburikidza nekuita kutenga kunodhura zvakadhura. Vanokwidza kubhadhara mari yebhangi. Izvo zvinokwereta zvikwereti uye misha yepamusha mari inodhura. Inopisa kutengesa kwenyika uye inodzorera hupfumi kuhuwandu hwekukura kwehuwandu hwe 2-3%.
Inoshandiswa sei neCentral Banks Kuita kuti zvigadziriswe
Central mabhangi ane zvakawanda zvematongerwo emitemo yemari .
Yokutanga ndiyo inoshandiswa pamusika. Heano muenzaniso wekuti unoshanda sei muUnited States.
The Federal Reserve ndiyo bhandi guru rehurumende yehurumende, kusanganisira US Treasury. Apo hurumende ine mari yakawandisa kupfuura iyo inoda, ichaisa mari yekuchengetedza mari kuBan central. Apo Fed inoda kuderedza mari inowanikwa, inotengesa idzi Treasurys kune mabhenji ayo. Mabhenji anobhadhara zvivimbiso pamwe chete nemari yavanenge vawana kuti vasangane navo. Kubata Pfuma kunoreva kuti iye zvino vane mari shoma yekukweretesa. Icho chinoderedza kusvibiswa.
Kusiyana kwekuregererwa kwemashamba emakona kusinganzwi kunonzi kuderedza kuwanda . Ndiyo apo Fed inotenga Pfuma, kubhadhara mari yekutengesa-kubhadhara kana chero imwe mhando yezvisungo kana chikwereti. Icho chirevo chekuwedzera kune chikonzero nekuti Fed inogadzira chikwereti kunze kwemweya wakaonda kutenga zvikwereti izvi. Panoita izvi, Fed ndiyo "kushandura mari ."
Sangano reSweden rinoshandisa mabhizimusi mashoma ekusimudzira mari yakaderedzwa kana ichida kuvharidzira mari yemitemo. Ndiyo mari yebhaji inotengeserana kune imwe nguva inobhadharwa.
Izvo zvinotengeswa zvekuti mabanki anofanira kuchengetedza mari yakati, kana kuchengetedza zvinoda , kuiswa panzvimbo yavo ye Federal Federal branch nguva dzose.
Pakupera kwebhizimisi, bhagheni inogona kunge iine zvishoma kudarika iyo inosangana neyochengetedzwa inoda. Kana zvakadaro, ichakweretesa, kuripa mari yekudyisa mari, kune rimwe bhangi risina chakanaka.
Mari yakasimwa mari inowedzera inoita kuti inodhura zvikuru kune mabhangi kuchengeta zvigaro zvadzo. Inogadzirisa mari inopa mari yakakwana kuti inonoke pfuma.
IFed inogonawo kukwidza kuderedzwa kwezinga. Ndizvo zvinoshora mabhengi anokweretesa mari kubva kuWed's discount discount window . Mabhanki haawanzoshandisi firiji iri kutora, kunyange zvazvo mitero inowanzopfuura kudarika Fed mari yakawanda. Izvozvo ndezvokuti mamwe mabhanga anofunga kuti bhangi rinofanira kunge risina simba kana rinomanikidzwa kushandisa firiji iri kutora. Mune mamwe mazwi, mabhangi anononoka kukweretesa kune mabhanki anokwereta kubva pahwindo rekubvisa. Dhaka inomutsa dhauriro yepamusoro apo inomutsa chinangwa chekudyidzana kwemari.
Chinhu chiduku chingave chekuti Fed ichaita chii chinokurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwekudiwa. Iko kwaizokurumidza kuderedza mari yebhangi ingakweretesa. Izvo zvinodawo kuti mabhenji ave nekuvandudza mazano matsva nemaitiro. Izvo zvingadai zvisingabatsiri pakusimudza kudyidzana kwemari mari, iyo inongoshanda chete. (Chinobva: "Zvishandiso zveState Reserve," Federal Reserve Bank yeSan Francisco.)