Iko Simba Rakanyanya Kuwedzerwa Munyika
Sangano reSweden rinoshandisa mari yakadyiwa mari sechigadziro chekutonga kukura kweUnited States.
Izvozvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kune chikwata munyika.
Mabhangi anoshandisa mari yakasimwa mari yekutengesa kuisa zvimwe zvese zvenguva pfupi inotora mutengo. Inosanganisira London Interbank Offering Rate , inowanzonzi Libor . Ndiyo mhanho ekubhadhara mari kune mumwe mwedzi mumwe chete, mwedzi mitatu, mwedzi mitanhatu, uye gore rimwe chete chikwereti.
Mabhandiwo anotorawo huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemari. Mabhanji anotengesa vatengi vavo vanonyanya kukosha. Ndiyo nzira iyo iyo yakadyidzana nayo mari inoshandiswa nayo inokanganisawo mamwe maitirwo emitengo . Izvi zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwezvikwereti pane mari, zvikwereti zvebhangi, makadhi emakwereti uye kugadziriswa-kutengesa mari .
Nguva yakareba-yemazuva emitengo yemari yakashata yakananga. Vashandi vanoda mari yakakwirira yeHarare Treasury note . Zvigadzirwa paMari inotarisira mari inotora motokari yakareba kwenguva yakareba inotora chikwereti chezvibereko.
Ikozvino inodyidzwa mari inosvika 1.75 muzana. Dare reWorld Open Market rakaritatu katatu muna 2017, kamwe muna 2016, uye kamwe muna December 2015.
Pamberi pegore ra2015, chiyero chakanga chiri zero kubva muDecember 16, 2008. FOMC yakanga yakadzikisa iyo kurwisa dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 . Ikopa yakanga yakaderedza zvishoma nezvishoma 10 nguva mumwedzi gumi nemana yapfuura. Iyo yakakwirira ndiyo yaiva 20 muzana muna 1979. Ndiyo apo Fed Chasi Paul Volcker akashandisa sechirongwa chokurwisana nehupfumi.
Izvo zvinodyidzwa mari inosvika kumahombekombe uye zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa mune zvakaitika kare zvakadyiwa mari .
Iyo Inoshanda Sei
Mabhangi anotora chikamu chinotarisirwa kuHome yebazi yebazi kana munzvimbo dzavo. Kana bhengi risina mari pamagumo ezuva, inokwereta kubva kubhangi nemari yakawedzerwa. Iyo inodyidzwa mari inotengeswa ndiyo mabhenji anotengesa mumwe kune mumwe kune zvikwereti zveusiku kuti awane zviyero izvi zvekuchengetedza. Mari yakabhadhara uye yakweretwa inozivikanwa seye federal money .
Sangano reWorld Open Market rakaronga chinangwa chekudyidzana kwemari. Haikwanisi kumanikidza mabhangi kushandisa zvayo yakatarwa. Pane kudaro, inoshandisa mashizha akasununguka kusundira mari inodyidzana nehuwandu kune iyo inotarisirwa.
Kana FOMC inoda mukana wepamusoro, Fed inotenga zvigumisiro kubva kumabanki ayo. Iyo inopa chikwereti pamabhanhire emabhanhire, achivapa zvimwe zvirongwa kupfuura zvavanoda. Izvozvo zvinoreva mabhange anoda kuderedza mari yakadyiwa mari yekukweretesa mari yakawedzerwa kune umwe neumwe. Ndiyo nzira iyo Fed inowedzera mari yezvibereko .
Apo Dhese inoda mazinga akareba, inopesana. Inotengesa mabhizimisi ayo kune mabhangi uye naizvozvo inobvisa mari kubva kubhadharo yavo. Izvi zvinopa mabhangi mashoma emari anovabvumira kuti vaudze mitero. Kubvira muna 2015, Fed yave ichiwedzera kuwedzera kwemari .
Ndiyo imwe nzira iyo iri kutarisira kutengesa .
Mashandisiro Ekuti Fed inoshandisa Sei Kudzora Economy
IFOMC inoshandura iyo inodyidzwa mari inoshandiswa kuti ichengetedze kutengesa kwenyika uye inochengetedza hutano hwehupfumi hwakanaka Nhengo dzeFOMC dzinotarisa hutungamiri hwehupfumi hwezviratidzo zvekutsvaga kwepasi kana kuderedza dambudziko . Chiratidzo chikuru chekutsvaga kwemugorosi ndiyo inokonzera kutengesa kwenyika . Chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha chekugadzikana kwehurumende ndicho chinyorwa chekugara kwezvinhu .
Inogona kutora mwedzi 12 kusvika ku18 kuti iwane mari inoshandiswa kuchinja mari inoshandisa hupfumi hwose. Kuti aronge mberi izvozvi, Fed yakava nyanzvi yenyika pakufananidzira hupfumi. Vashandi vanosvika mazana mana vanosvika 450, inenge hafu yevaya vari Ph.D. economists.
Apo Dhesi inomutsa maitirwo, inonzi chirongwa chekubhadhara mari . Mari yakanyanya kudyidzana mari inoreva mabanki haakwanisi kukwereta mari kuchengetedza dzimba dzavo pamatongerwo enyika.
Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vachakweretesa mari shoma, uye mari yavari kukwereta ichave yakakwirira. Izvi ndezvekuti vari kubhadhara mari kune imwe yakaderedzwa mari yakawanda kuti varambe vachichengetedza. Sezvo zvikwereti zvakaoma kuwana uye mari inodhura, mabhizimusi haazombokwereti. Izvi zvinotadzisa pasi pfuma.
Apo izvi zvinenge zvichiitika, kuchinja-kushandiswa-kutora mari yakawanda kunodhura. Vashandi vekumba vanogona kukwanisa kutenga zvikwereti zviduku, izvo zvinotadzisa mhizha yemba. Matengo eimba anowira pasi. Varidzi vepamba vane maonero mashoma mumisha yavo uye vanonzwa varombo. Vanopedza zvishomanana, nokudaro vachiwedzera kuderedza hupfumi.
Apo Fed inoderedza chidimbu, zvakasiyana zvinoitika. Mabhanji anowanzokwereta kune mumwe nemumwe kuti asangane nevanenge vatarirwa kana zvikwereti zvishoma. Kadhi kadikodhi inodonha, saka vatengi vanotenga zvakawanda. Nebhajhani inodhura mabhengi, mabhizimisi anowedzera. Izvozvo zvinonzi chirongwa chekuwedzera kwemari .
Zvigadziriswa-purogiramu yemari yemari inodhura iyo inovandudza misika yemumba. Varidzi vepamba vanoona vakapfuma uye vanopedza zvakawanda. Vanogonawo kutora zvikwereti zvakaenzana kumba kumba nyore nyore. Vanoshandisa zvikwereti izvi kutengesa kugadziriswa kwemusha uye motokari itsva. Izvi zvinokurudzira hupfumi.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vatengesi vemabhizimisi vanoona mabhizimisi eFOMC pamwedzi semashanga. Chimwe chechina chechina chinoderera mumadhora ekudyisa mari inoita kuti hupfumi huwedzere uye hutumira misika kuwedzera mukufara. Kana iyo inokurudzira kukura kwakanyanya, kuwedzera kwezvinhu kunopinda mukati.
Chimwe chechina chechina chinowedzera mune zvekudyidzana mari inotadzisa kugadzirisa kupera . Asi inogonawo kuderedza kukura uye inokurudzira kuderera mumisika. Vatsvakurudzi vesangano pore pamusoro pezwi rimwe nerimwe rakataurwa nemunhu wese paFOMC kuedza uye kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pezvinoitwa neFed.
Fed Funds Rate, Discount Rate, uye Zvimwe Zvishandiso
The Federal Reserve ine mamwe mabhii akawanda kunze kwekudyidzana kwemari. Iine purogiramu inoderedza iyo inoramba iri pamusoro pemari yakaderedzwa mari. Ndizvo zvinotambirwa neFed mabhanki kubhadhara kubva kune iyo zvakananga kuburikidza newindo rekuderedza . Yakagadzira zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvezvirongwa zvekurwisana nematambudziko emari . Zvose izvi hazvisati zvichishandiswa.
IFed inoshandisa mashandisi aya kutarisa mari yerudzi rwayo . Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanopikisa kuti Federal Reserve inodhinda mari .