Chii chinonzi Federal Open Market Committee?

12 Vatorwa Vanochinja Upenyu Hwako 8 Nguva Negore

Sangano reWorld Open Market Committee ndiro mari yemitemo yenyika yeGerald Reserve System , iyo bhanji guru reUnited States. Inoshanda neFederal Reserve Board yeVakuru vehurumende yekudzivirira matanho matatu emitemo yemari. IFOMC inodzora mararamiro akazaruka . Bhodi rinotarisa kushandiswa kwemari uye kuchengetedza zvinoda .

IFOMC inoshandisa zvishandiso zvayo kuwana hutano hwakanaka hwehupfumi huri pakati pe2 ne3 muzana.

Kuti zviite izvozvo, inofanira kurwisana nekushaiwa basa uye kutengesa. Nhamba yezvisikwa yekusashaya basa iri pakati pe4,7 kubva kune 5.8 muzana. Pasi apa, makambani haakwanisi kuwana vashandi vakakwana kuti varambe vachibereka. Izvo zvinotarisirwa kutengesa kutengesa zvikamu zvinenge 2 muzana. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti FOMC inoda kuti mitengo iwedzere kupoteredza 2 muzana gore negore. Izvi zvinogadzira zvinotarisirwa zvekuwedzera kwezvinhu, uye zvinokurudzira vatengi kuti vatenge iko ikozvino pane kutanga. Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwemugorosi kunokanganisa kudiwa, uye izvi zvakakosha pakukura kwehupfumi.

Kuti kuderedza kusakosha kwebasa, FOMC inoshandisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera kwemari . Izvo zvinosimudzira hupfumi kuburikidza nekuwedzera mari inowanikwa. Inoderedza matanho ekusimudzira kukwidzika kwehupfumi nekuderedza kusakosha kwebasa. Nhengo dzeFOMC dzinofarira nzira iyi inonzi inotyisa.

Kana hupfumi huchikurumidza kukurumidza, saka mitengo inomuka, zvichikonzera kutengesa . Kuti varwise kupera kwezvinhu, inoshandisa zvinopesana nemari yemitemo . Izvo zvinoita kuti mari iwedzere mari, inononoka pfuma pasi.

Kuderedza hupfumi kunoreva kuti mabhizimisi haagoni kukwanisa kutengesa mitengo pasina kurasikirwa nevatengi, uye inogona kutotsaura mitengo kuti iwane vatengi. Izvi zvinorwisana nekutengesa. Nhengo iyo inofarira nzira iyi inonzi "hawkish".

Chii icho FOMC Inoita

Komiti inoshandura zvikwereti zvinokwidziridzwa nekuisa chinangwa chekudyidzana kwemari .

Iyi ndiyo mhanho mabanki anotengesa mumwe nomumwe kune zvikwereti zveusiku hunozivikanwa seFed funds. Mabhangi anoshandisa zvikwereti izvi kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti ane zvakakwana kuti asangane neFed's reserve inoda . Mabhangi anofanira kuchengetedza husiku humwe humwe humwe hwepaState Reserve Reserve, kana mune mari muzvivako zvavo.

Komiti inozivisa zvisarudzo zvayo pamisangano yayo masere pagore. Inotsanangura zviito zvayo nekutaura pamusoro pokuti mararamiro ari kuita sei, kunyanya kuwedzera kwehupfumi nekushaiwa basa. Tsvaga zvaive zvichiitwa pamusangano wekupedzisira weFOMC .

Kunyange zvazvo FOMC ichiisa chinangwa chekudyidzana kwemari, mabanki anonyanya kuisa mukana wacho pachawo. Dambudziko rinomanikidzwa mabhengi kuti rienderane nechinangwa charo nemabasa aro emisika . Nzvimbo dzekutenga dzinotenga zvigadzirwa, kazhinji dzinowanikwa pasi peHarare, kubva kumabanki evanhu. Apo Dhesi ichida kuti chiyero chiwe, inotenga zvigadziro kubva kumabhangi. Mukudzoka, inowedzera kune yavo yekuchengetedza, ichipa bhengi mari yakawanda yeF Fed pane yaidiwa. Mabhangi achaderedza mari yakawanda yemari yekukweretesa iyi yakawanda. Kusiyana naizvozvo, apo Fed inoda kuti mitengo iwedzere, inotora nzvimbo yebhangi yezvigadziro nematura. Izvi zvinoderedza mari inowanika kukweretesa, kumanikidzira mabhanga kuwedzera mitengo.

Kurwisana nematambudziko emari muna 2008 , FOMC yakawedzera zvikuru kushandiswa kwayo kwemashizha.

Izvozvo zvinonzi kuderedza kuwedzera . IFed yaitenga mari yakawanda yeHaidhadha zvinyorwa uye zvikwereti zvinotsigirwa zvekutengesa kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvayo.

Nhengo

IFOMC inofanirwa kuva nevatendi gumi nevaviri. Iko zvino ine masere. Zvinomwe zvevane gumi nevaviri dzinofanira kunge dzichizadzwa ne Federal Federal's Board of Governors. Congress yakangogadza mana chete. Mamwe mana mana eFOMC nhengo dzeState Reserve Reserve Bank. Zvose zvinoshumira gore rimwechete mazwi pamusoro pechikonzero chinotenderera.

Sachigaro waro ndiJome Powell, Sachigaro we Federal Federal Board . Akanga ari nhengo yeFed Board kubvira musi waMay 25, 2012. Bhuku rake reBhodi rinopfuurira kusvika musi waJanuary 31, 2028. Aivewo mukuru wevakuru vakuru veHarare pasi peMutungamiri George HW Bush. Akange ari nyanzvi yekushanyira paBipartisan Policy Center uye mumwe muCarlyle Group (1997 - 2005).

Mutungamiri Trump akamugadza kuti ashandise Janet Yellen seChigaro CheDheta. Akashanda.

Vice-Chairmanship nguva dzose inoenda kumutungamiriri we Federal Federal Bank yeNew York. Muna 2017, uyo aiva William Dudley. Achasiya nzvimbo muna June 2018, mwedzi mitanhatu mangwanani. Vachigaro Vachigaro wePurezidhendi, Michael Strine, ndiye mumwe wake. Sani Francisco Fed Mutungamiri John Williams vachamutora.

Heano aya maviri akasara eBhodi nhengo.

• Lael Brainard, aichimbova mukuru mukuru weHarare uye mutungamiri wezvemari kuMutungamiri Clinton. Anoshuva.
• Randy Quarles, aimbova mutungamiriri mukuru weCynosure Group uye Carlyle Group, uye mukuru wehurumende pasi peMutungamiri George W. Bush . Haasi nharo kana hawkish, anofarira kushandisa mazano akaoma anoona kana Fed ichichinja. Akanga ari wokutanga weTump. Iyewo ndiye Vachigaro weKutevedza kusvikira Gumiguru 13, 2021. Nzvimbo iyo yakasikwa neDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act . A

Vatongi vana veStart Reserve mabhangi avo vakashandura paFOMC muna 2018 ndeyotevera.

• Loretta Mester, Cleveland. Hawkish. Anofarira zvinopesana nehutano, angada kusimudza mitero, uye anonyanya kunetseka nezvekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekushaya basa.
• John Williams, kuSan Francisco. Dovish.
• Tom Barkin , Vachigaro Vachigaro vepurezidhendi, Richmond. Moderate.
• Raphael Bostic, Atlanta. Akambova Obama hurumende yepamutemo yeimba yepamusoro. Moderate.

Vatungamiri vana vebhangi vanozoshandura muna 2018 uye nhengo dzeFOMC muna 2019. Dzinotevera.

• James Bullard, St. Louis. Hawkish.
• Esther George, Kansas City. Hawkish.
• Charles Evans, Chicago. Inonyanyisa.
• Eric Rosengren, Boston. Dovish.

Vatungamiri vana vakasara vari kuzoshandura muna 2019 uye nhengo dzeFOMC muna 2020. Ndizvo.

• Charles Evans, Chicago. Inonyanyisa.
• Patrick Harker, Philadelphia. Moderate.
• Robert Kaplan, Dallas. Dovish.
• Neel Kashkari, Minneapolis. Kwete yevhoti yekuvhota asi. Zvichida inotyisa.

Kuti FOMC Inokubata Sei

IFOMC inokutambudza kuburikidza nekudzora kwekudyidzana kwemari mari. Mabhangi anoshandisa chiyero ichi kutungamira zvimwe zvose zvinowanikwa mutengo . Somugumisiro, iyo yakadyiwa mari inotarisa kuwanika kwemari yekuisa mari mudzimba, bhizinesi uye pakupedzisira mune mubhadharo wako nekudzoka kwemari. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakanakira kukosha kweputikiti yako, mari yekutora mari yako inotevera, mutengo wekutengesa weimba yako, uye iyo inogona kuita kuti iwe uitezve. Ngwarira zvakanyanya kumisangano yeFOMC musangano kuitira kuti iwe unogona kutarisira kuchinja kwehupfumi uye utore matanho ekuvandudza mari yako pachako. (Zvinyorwa: "Iyi ndiyo Fed's Hawk-to-Dove Scorecard," Bloomberg Businessweek, December 18, 2015. Apo FOMC Inotanga, CNBC, December 20, 2015. "Pamusoro peFOMC," Bhodhi reState Reserve System.)