Biotechnology inowanzoonekwa seinoenderana nekutsvakurudza kwezvinyorwa, asi kune dzakawanda mamwe maindasitiri anoshandisa nzira dzeiotech yekudzidza, kugadzirisa uye kuchinja majini. Isu tave tichijaira pfungwa ye enzyme muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye vanhu vazhinji vanoziva nemakakatanwa akakomberedza kushandiswa kweGGO muzvokudya zvedu. Imwe nyanzvi yezvekurima ndiyo iri pakati pekukakavadzana uku, asi kubva mumazuva aGeorge Washington Carver, zvekurima zvezvokurima zvekurima zvave zvichigadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvitsva zvinogona kuchinja hupenyu hwedu kuti huve nani.
01 Kuchengetedza
Mishonga yemumuromo yakave iri mumabasa kwemakore mazhinji sechigadziriswa chekupararira kwezvirwere munyika dzisina kudzivirirwa, uko mari isingabvumirwi kupararira kwehutachiona. Zvirimwa zvakagadzirwa nemagetsi, kazhinji michero kana miriwo, yakagadzirirwa kutakura antigenic mapuroteni kubva kuzvirwere zvinotapukira, izvo zvichaita kuti zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvirambe zvichiitwa. Muenzaniso weiyi chirwere chinorwara nemurwere chekurapa kenza. Chirwere chinorwisa-lymphoma chakaitwa kuburikidza kushandiswa kwemiti yefodya inotakura RNA kubva kune yakaoma yakaipa B-seli. Puroteni inokonzerwa inoshandiswa kupora murwere uye kukurudzira zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere. Zvirwere zvakakonzerwa nekenza kurapa zvakaratidza chivimbiso chikuru muzvidzidzo zvekutanga. 02 Antibiotics
Zvirimwa zvinoshandiswa kubudisa maantibayoti kuvanhu vose nekushandisa kwemhuka. Kurondedzera maantibheniyiti mapuroteni muzvipfuwo zvinopa zvokudya, zvakadyiwa zvakananga kumhuka, hazvina mari kudarika zvirongwa zvemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi tsika iyi inomutsa nyaya dzakawanda dzehutano hwehupenyu nokuti mugumisiro wacho wakawanda, zvichida kushandiswa kwemaantiriyotiki kusingakoshi kunogona kukurudzira kukura kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Zvikomborero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa zvirimwa kubudisa maantibayoti kuvanhu zvakaderedzwa mari inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwechigadzirwa chinogona kubudiswa kubva kumiti zvichienderana nesimba rekuvirisa , nyore kwekunatswa, uye kuderedzwa dambudziko rekusvibiswa kana richienzanisa neyo yekushandisa masamalia masero netsika media. 03 Flowers
Pane zvakawanda kune zvekurima zvekurima zvekurima pane kungoita zvirwere kana kuvandudza kunaka kwekudya . Icho pane zvimwe zvinyorwa zvekushandiswa uye muenzaniso weiyi iko kushandiswa kwekuzivikanwa kwegeni uye maitiro ekufambisa kunatsiridza ruvara, kunhuwa, ukuru uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemaruva. Saizvozvowo, biotech yakashandiswa kuita shanduko kune dzimwe mimwe miti inoshongedzwa yemiti, kunyanya, shrub uye miti. Zvimwe zvekuchinja uku zvakafanana kune izvo zvakaitwa kune zvirimwa, zvakadai sekuwedzera kukonzera kunotonhora kwechizvarwa chemiti inotonhorera, saka inogona kukura kumucheto kuminda. 04 Biofuels
Tom Merton Indasitiri yezvokurima inobata basa guru mumhizha yebiofuels, kupa zvipo zvekudya zvekuvirisa nekuchenesa kwebio-mafuta, bio-diesel, uye bio-ethanol. Genetic engineering uye enzyme maitiro ekugadzirisa ari kushandiswa kukudziridza zviri nani zvekudya zvekudya zvekushandurwa kwakanyatsonaka uye kuwedzerwa kweBTU zvakagadzirwa nemiti inotengesa mafuta. Mbeu dzakakwirira-dzinobereka, dzine simba-dzinogona kuderedza mari dzinoshandiswa pakukohwa uye kutakura (per unit of energy inotorwa), zvichiita kuti pave nemafuta ekukosha kwemafuta.
05 Kwira uye Kudyara Kwemhuka
Kuvandudza michero nemhuka nemagariro ezvakadai sekugadziriswa kwepamuchinjiro, kubatanidza, uye kubereka-kupedza nguva inopedza. Kufambira mberi kwezvinyorwa zvebhasika kunobvumira kushandurwa kwakananga kuitwa nokukurumidza, pane imwe nhengo dzemakemikari kuburikidza nekutaura-kudarika kana kubviswa kwemajeni, kana kuiswa kwemajeni emamwe marudzi. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kushandiswa kushandiswa kwemajini maitiro ekugadzirisa nzira dzakadai sedzivo dzinokonzera geni uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa . Nzira dzakadai sokugadziriswa kwakarongwa-kupindira kunovandudza kushanda kwe "kutungamirirwa" kwekuberekwa kwemhuka, pasina gakava rinowanzobatanidzwa neGGOs. Gene kugadzirisa nzira inofanirawo kugadzirisa kusiyana kwemarudzi mu genetic code, kuvapo kana kusavapo kwemakwenzi uye kushandurwa kwemashure ekushandura kwakadai semethylation. 06 Pest Resistant Crops
Kwemakore, microbe Bacillus thuringiensis , iyo inobereka puroteni inotyisa kune zvipembenene, kunyanya, iyo yeEurope corn borer, yakashandiswa kuva guruva zvirimwa. Kuti abvise chido chekupfumisa, masayendisiti kutanga akatanga gorosi remugodhi rinotaura Bt protini, rinoteverwa neBt mbatata nekotoni. Bt protini haisi chepfu kune vanhu, uye zvirimwa zvisingagoneki zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune varimi kuti vasadzivirire mari inodhura. Muna 1999, kukakavadzana kwakauya pamusoro peBt chibage nekuda kwekudzidza kwakaratidza kuti mapoleni akaendeswa kune milkweed apo akauraya mutevedzeri wemvura yakadya. Zvidzidzo zvakatevera zvakaratidza kuti njodzi yemaruva yaiva duku zvikuru, uye mumakore achangopfuura, kukakavara pamusoro peBt corn kwakashandura pfungwa, kune musoro wekubuda kwezvipembenene. 07 Pesticide-Resistant Crops
Kwete kuti irege kuvhiringidzwa nehutachiona-kusagadzikana , izvi zvinomera zvinorega kubvumira varimi kuti vasarudze kuuraya masora asina kukanganisa pasina kukuvadza mbeu yavo. Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa weiyi ndeyeRupup-Ready teknolojia, yakagadzirwa naMonsanto. Chokutanga chakataurirwa muna 1998 seGermy soybeans, miti yeRupup-Ready haina kubatwa nehybicide glyphosate, iyo inogona kushandiswa muhuwandu hwekubvisa zvimwe zvinomera mumunda. Izvo zvinobatsira kune izvi zvakachengetwa nenguva uye mari dzinobatanidza necherochera tillage kuti kuderedze masora, kana kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwemarudzi akasiyana siyana emishonga yemishonga inoshandiswa kusarudza kusarura mhando dzakasiyana dzemasora. Izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvinosanganisira zvose zvinokakavadzana zvinopesana neGGOs. 08 Nutrient Supplementation
Mukuedza kuvandudza hutano hwevanhu, zvikurukuru munyika dzisina kudzivirirwa, masayendisiti ari kusika kudya kwemajini zvakashandurwa zvine mishonga inozivikanwa kuti ibatsire kurwisa zvirwere kana kusadya zvokudya. Muenzaniso weiyu iRidh Rice , iyo ine beta-carotene, iyo inofanirwa kweVitamin A mumitumbi yedu. Vanhu vanodya rizi vanowedzera mavitamini A akawanda, chikafu chinokosha chinoshaikwa muzvokudya zvevarombo munyika dzeAsia. Matatu ejeni, maviri kubva ku daffodils uye imwe kubva kubhakitiriya, inogona kuita kuti hupenyu hune hutachiona hugadziriswe, hwakagadzirirwa muiri rega kuti huve "yegoridhe". Zita racho rinobva pamuvara wezviyo zvinotapudzwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwebheta-carotene, iyo inopa karoti mavara avo earinondi. 09 Abiotic Stress Resistance
Pasina 20% yepasi nyika inobereka mbeu asi zvimwe zvirimwa zvakave zvichishandurwa kuti zviite kuti zvive nemamiriro ezvinhu zvakadai sehuta, kutonhora, uye mvura. Kuwanikwa kwemajeni mumiti inokonzerwa nekusimudzwa kwe sodium kunotungamirira mukusimudzirwa kwegorosi-kunze kwemiti inokwanisa kukura munzvimbo dzakakwirira yemunyu. Kumusoro-kana pasi-mutemo wezvinyorwa zvinowanzoshandiswa kushandura kusanaya kwemvura mumiti. Chibage uye zvakaputirwa mashizha, anokwanisa kubudirira pasi pekusanaya kwemvura, ari mugore ravo rechina reminda muCalifornia neColorado, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti vachasvika pamusika mumakore 4-5. 10 Industrial Strength Fibers
Cmglee / Wikimedia CC 2.0 Sirasi silika ndiyo yakasimba zvikuru inozivikanwa nemurume, yakasimba kudarika Kevlar (yaishandiswa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvebhuruti), ine simba rakasimba kupfuura simba. MunaAgasti 2000, kambani yeCanada Nexia yakashuma kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwembudzi dzisina kutenderera dzakagadzira zvidhina zveprokist mukaka. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvakagadzirisa dambudziko rekuisa-mazai mapuroteni, chirongwa chacho chakanga chakachengetedzwa apo masayendisiti akanga asingakwanisi kuziva kuti angaita sei kuti ave mufibisi sezvakaita tsanga. Pakazosvika gore ra2005, mbudzi dzakanga dzakashambadzirwa kutengeswa kune ani zvake aizovatora. Kunyange zvazvo inoratidzika seyi pfungwa yechispider yakagadzirwa pachifukidzo chenguva iyo iri, iyo teknolojia iyo inofanirwa kuonekwa zvakare mune ramangwana, zvakare zvakare ruzivo rwunounganidzwa pane kuti zvisikwa zvakagadzirwa sei.