SEC Filings, Reports Analyst uye Company Websites
Ngatitarisei zvitatu zvinonyanya kukosha zvemashoko uye kuti tingaparadzanisa sei ruzivo urwu patinenge tichiita zvisarudzo zvekutsvaga.
# 1: SEC Filings
Sangano reUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rinoda makambani akawanda eUnited States kuti ataure dhepfumi yemari, kutengeserana mukati uye nezvimwewo ruzivo rwezvinhu mune izvo zvinonzi SEC filings. Makambani mazhinji emamwe marudzi anonziwo anodiwa kuti aite zvinyorwa zvenguva yakazara zvine ruzivo rumwe chete kana ivo vakanyorwa pane kubudiswa kweUnited States. Nokuziva nzira yekuwana uye yekuongorora iyo SEC filings, vatengesi vanogona kuvimbisa kuti vakanyatsoruzivo uye vanodarika pane zvese zvakakosha zvikuru.
Vashandi vanogona kuwana SEC filings munzvimbo dzakawanda. Dheseti ye SEC yega yeDGGAR ndeyekukurumidza uye nzira iri nyore yekuwana chero zvinyorwa, apo mabasa anokosha se SECFilings.com kana EdgarOnline anopa mazano anogadziriswa nezvimwe zvinhu.
Zvimwe zvinokosha SEC filings kuti uzive zvinosanganisira:
- 10-K (Annual Report) - Mushumo wegore negore unopa vashandi nevhudziro rehuwandu hwegore rehupfumi hwekambani, kusanganisira zvikwereti zvemari uye kukurukurirana kwemigumisiro nevatungamiri mumashoko echiChirungu.
- 10-Q (Gwaro Rekota) - Mimwe mishumo inopa huwandu hwepakati pekambani yekambani, asiwo inosanganisira zvikamu zvemari zvemari uye imwe hurukuro yehutungamiri.
- 8-K (Current Event) - Ikozvino mhemberero dzemitiko dzinoiswa kune zviitiko zvipi zvese zvinokanganisa kambani, kubva pazvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvemashoko kusvika kune hutano hutsva.
- Fomu 3, 4 ne5 (Insider Trading) - Inhoroondo dzebhizimisi dzomumabhizimisi dzinopa vashandi vane zviziviso chero pese iyo insiders inotenga kana kutengesa zvikamu, izvo zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha, kunyanya kana chiitwa kunze kwezvirongwa zvezvikwata.
- Purogiramu 13D uye 13G (Institutional Investment) - Mishumo yemitemo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inopa vashandi vane zviziviso kana muzvinabhizimisi wezvikoro (akadai sehedge fund kana mutual fund) ane danda rinokosha, iro rinogona kubatsira zvikuru kune vashandi.
Vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vanoita zvishoma zvishoma. Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji veAmerican Depository Receipts (ADRs) yefaira iri nguva dzose SEC filings, mamwe mafaira kune dzimwe nyika mabhizimisi emitemo iyo inogona kuva yakaoma zvikuru kuwana nekutsvaga ruzivo rwakakosha. Uye vatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanoita zvekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika dzisiri dzekuAmerica dzinowanzoisa chete nehurumende yavo yekutonga. Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi zvinyorwa zvinogona kuonekwa mumitauro yekunze uye zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuongorora pane SEC filings.
Zvimwe zviviri zvekune dzimwe nyika kune dzimwe nyika SEC filings dzinosanganisira:
- 20-F (Mushumo Wegore Negore) - Mishumo yegore negore inoiswa pasi pe US GAAP mitemo, iyo inogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa nekuenzanisa nekambani dzeUnited States.
- 6-K (Quarterly / Current) - Aya ndiwo maonero emamwe mazita emitemo 8-K, iyo inowanzobatanidza ruzivo rwe-10-Q rwemhando dzakawanda dzeADRs.
Dzimwe humwe humwe humwe hutano hwezvekune dzimwe nyika dzinosanganisira:
- SEDAR Database yeCanada
- SAIC Agency yeChina
# 2: Corporate Website
Mishumo yezvekambani inogona kuva nehupfumi hwemashoko pamusoro pekambani, kubva kune zvinyorwa zvemari kusvika kuhutsananguro, uye vanogona kuva nyore nyore kufamba kune mamwe mawebhusayithi ehurumende ehurumende pavanotsvaka ruzivo rwemari. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune vashandi vemunyika dzakawanda vachitsvaga ruzivo.
Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvekutarisa zvinosanganisira:
- Nhepfenyuro Nhepfenyuro - Dzimwe nguva kuwana zvikwereti zvemari kune makambani ekune dzimwe nyika zviri nyore nyore kushandisa webhusaiti yavo kupfuura nyika yekusungirirwa kwenyika.
- Nhaurirano yekambani - Mharidzo yekambani inogona kupa mhedziso yakawanda yekushanda kwekare, uyewo zvirongwa zvekuuya kwegore kana gore.
- Nhau / Press Releases - Kambani yezvepanhau uye zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvinogona kunge zvine ruzivo rwehutano pamusoro pekushanda kwezuva nezuva uye kushanda kwemari.
- Mashoko Okukurukurirana - Vatengi vevatengi, vakadai seVashandi veMahofisi Ehurumende, vanogona kuva ruzivo rwakanyanya kune vashandi vanotarisira chimwe chinhu chavasingagoni kuwana kune imwe nzvimbo.
# 3: Vanoongorora
Vavhuti vezvigadziro vanogona kunge vane ruzivo rwakakura kune varairidzi. Kunyange zvazvo vatengesi-vatengesi vangave vaine hanya dzimwe nguva, vachiri kupa mamwe mashoko anokosha munzvimbo imwe chete. Izvi zvinotsvakurudza zvakajeka zvikuru, kunyanya kune varairi vepasi rose. Kutenga-rutivi vatsvakurudzi ndechimwe chinhu chakanaka chekuziva, sezvo zvisiri izvo zvisingasaruri, asi tsvakurudzo yavo kazhinji haisi yakawanda yakawanikwa.
Analyst mitsva inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinosanganisira:
- Stock Brokers - Vazhinji vatengesi vemabhizimisi vanopa ruzivo kune dzimwe nyanzvi dzevanotsvakurudza kune vashandi vavo, kusanganisira dzakawanda kudhura madhipatimendi mumakore achangobva kupfuura.
- Makambani - Dzimwe makambani anopa tsvakurudzo tsvakurudzo kune vangave vatengesi, kana kuburikidza newebsite yavo kana ne e-mail kana kukumbira foni.
- Websites / Services - Dzimwe masangano ehurumende anonyora nezvekutsvakurudza kuongorori, asi mabasa akafanana neTheFlyOnTheWall anopa tsvakurudzo yekutsvakurudza kune avo vanyoresa.