Chii chinonzi ADR?
American Depositary Receipts, kana ADRs, ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha mune mutengo wekushandisa kwevatengesi vemarudzi ose. Kuti tione kuti sei, ngationei muenzaniso unotevera.
Iti iwe unofarira kuisa mari kuFrance . Imwe nzira ndeyokuzarura kambani yekutengeserana muParis, tsvina mari kune iyo, shandura madhora ako muEuros , uye enda kuenda kunotenga zvesiko zveFrance. Kutaura zvishoma, izvi zvingava zvakaoma uye nguva inopedza nguva.
Uye wekodenti yako aizokuvengai panguva yemutero.
ADRs yakagadzirirwa kubvisa matambudziko aya. An ADR ndeyekuchengeteka kunomiririra wega wezvikamu zvekambani yekunze. Apo iwe unotenga ADR, iwe unyanzvi hausi weimba yako yekunze zvakananga. Pane kudaro, iwe une papepa inokupa kune imwe kana mimwe migove yeimwe nyika inenge yakachengetwa panzvimbo yako yebhengi.
Yokutanga ADR yakasikwa muna 1927 naJP Morgan, kubvumira vaAmerica kuisa mari muzvikamu zveOustridges, dhipatimendi rebazi reBritish . Nhasi kune mazana anopfuura 2 200 ADRs aripo, anomiririra zvikamu zvemakambani ari munyika dzinopfuura 70. Bhizinesi reNew York, JPMorgan, Deutsche Bank neCitigroup zviri pakati pemabhanki anotungamirira, ayo anoita uye anopa ADRs.
Kuzivikanwa kweADRs kwave kwakapfuura kwemakore nokuti vane zviverengero zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvinowedzera kune vashandi vashoma uye vatungamiri vemari vadzidzisi zvakafanana.
Muchikamu chino, tichacherechedza zvimwe zvinobatsira uye matambudziko anowanikwa neADRs kuti vatengesi vemarudzi ose vanofanira kunyatsofungisisa vasati vaita mari.
Kubatsirwa kweADRs
American Depositary Receipts ine zvikomborero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti vave mukana wakaisvonaka wevatengi vemarudzi ose, kusanganisira:
- Kusununguka kwekushandisa: ADRs inogona kutengwa uye kutengeswa sezvikamu zveBMM kana Coca-Cola.
- Ndizvo zvakaita mutengesi: Haudi kambani yekutengeserana kune imwe nyika kana mutengesi itsva; iwe unogona kushandisa mutengesi iyeyo waunowanzobata naye.
- Dollar-based pricing: Mitengo yeADRs inodzokodzwa muUS $ madhora, uye zvikamu zvinowanikwa mumadhora.
- Maawa ekutengeserana maawa: ADRs kutengesa mumaawa ekuAmerica eAmerica uye vari pasi pekuchenesa nekugadzirisa kwakafanana saAmerican stocks.
- Kugadzirisa zvinhu: Unogona kuchinja podfolio yako asi iwe unofarira, zvichienderana nenyika dzipi kana masangano aunofarira.
Kukanganisa kweADRs
Nenzira imwecheteyo, ADRs ine zvimwe zvingakosha uye zvipingamupinyi, kusanganisira:
- Kusarudzwa kusarudzwa: Haasi makambani ose kunze kwenyika anowanikwa seAADRs. Somuenzaniso, Toyota Motor Motor yeJapan ine ADR, asi BMW yeGermany haina.
- Mvura: Zvizhinji zvemakambani ane mapurogiramu eDR anowanikwa, asi mamwe angave akatengeswa zvakanyanya.
- Exchange rate risk: Kunyange zvazvo ADRs inotengeswa mumadhora, kuitira kuti zvive nyore, mari yako yekutsvaga ichiri kutaridzika kuchinja kwekukosha kwemari yekunze.
- Nemhaka yokuti ADRs yakafanana nematokari, unoda kutenga zvakakwana kwavari kuti uone kuti zvakakwana zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka kana iwe usina huwandu hwekutsvaga mari yekupararira, taura 25 kusvika ku30 ADRs (kana kupfuura), iwe haugoni kuumba chikwereti chakasiyana siyana iwe pachako.
Zvimwe Zvokufungisisa
American Depositary Receipts ine nharo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana nedzimwe nyika dzekutengeserana kana zvituko zvekuAmerica zvinokosha zvakakosha kufunga.
Somuenzaniso, pane kusiyana kwakasiyana ndeye nzira iyo mitero inowanikwa pazvikamu. Sezvakaitwa nezvikwata zveUnited States, zvikwereti zvinotengesa muU.S Kusiyana nezvikwata zve US, zvikwereti zvingave zvakare pasi pemutero neveimba yekambani yekambani (kunyange zvazvo kazhinji inowanzochengetedzwa nemunhu anotsigira). Vashandi vanogona kusarudza kushandisa chikwereti kumitero yavo yeUnited States kana kuti kubhadhara kudzokera kune imwe nyika kune imwe nyika kuti usapinda kaviri mitero.
Usati waita mari muDADs, iwe unogona kutaurirana nevese mutariri wezvemari uye muteresi mutungamiri kuti anzwisise zvinorehwa nehupfumiro yako.
Nguva Yokushandisa ADRs
Kana uchinge uine ruzivo rwekutsvaga kwepasi rose pasi pebhanhire rako, ADRs inogona kuva chinhu chakasimba chokugadzirisa podfolio yako kana kuita zvikwereti zvakananga mune dzimwe makambani, makambani uye nyika.
Kuchinja kunogona kuve kunonyanya kukoshesa kukoshesa vashandi vanotarisira kuwedzera ruzivo rwavo kumisika yepamarudzi akawanda pane kungova nekwanisi yekuwana zvikwata zvekumba.
Asi kana iwe uchangotanga mukutsvaga kwemari kwenyika dzakawanda, zviri nyore kuti usungirire kune imwe nyika yepasi rose mutual fund kana ETFs kusvikira iwe unonzwisisa zvakasimba zvezvidzidzo.