Kukosha Kuisa Mari Kuita Kudzokera Mukutanga KweMaketheni
Ngatitarisei kuti nei vanosimudzira mari vangave vachida kutarisa misika inotanga kubuda uye dzimwe nzira dzokubatanidzwa.
Sei Kukosha Kuisa?
Kukoshesa kudyara kwevekuwedzera kwave kwakakurumbira mumakwenzi maviri akabudirira uye ari kubuda. Chimwe chimiro chikuru uye chinokura cheuchapupu chinoratidza kuti kuisa muzvikwata zvine pasi-yevoruzhinji-mutengo-kuwana kana kutengesa-mabhuku ehuwandu kana pamusoro-muganhu wekugoverwa kwezvibereko vanopa vanopfuura vanodzoka pamusoro penguva refu. Vakabudirira vatori venyika vakaita saWarren Buffett vakagadziriswa pamatauriro aya uye zvakagadzirwa zvisingaenzaniswi pamusoro pematengesi ekudzoka kwenguva.
Imwe pepanhau rakabudiswa muEmerging Markets Review muna 2002 yakaratidza kuti mafungiro aya anotakura mumisika inotanga kubuda, ne 'kukosha' mashizha anokonzera kudzoka kwakakwirira kudarika zvisingabatsiri zvikwata. Mushumo weCredit Suisse wakatevera wakaona kuti kukosha kwezvikwereti zvakakanganiswa mune zvose asi zvitatu zvemashamba makumi maviri nematanhatu ari kubuda pakati pe2000 na2013, uye avhareji 'yepamutengo' inokwana 4.3 muzana pagore zvichienzanisa ne 3.1% chete munyika dzakabudirira.
Nzira yeupfumi yehuwandu hwezvikwata inogonawo kuva inokwezva kuvarimi vakawanda, kusanganisira avo vanofarira misika inotanga kubuda. Nokutenga zvikwereti pane zvisingabatsiri, pane zvingangodaro zvishomanana zvingave zvisingakwanisi kupfurikidza nepamusoro-soro yezvikwata zvine mashoma masimba kana mari. Panewo uchapupu hwokuti kukosha kwezvikwata hazvisati zvisingachadikanwi kupfuura 'kukura kwepamusoro' mashizha, zvinoreva kuti vatengesi havasi kunyanya kutora ngozi yakawanda mukureva beta.
Kuwedzera Kuzvipira Kubuda Mumaketheni Makamba
Makambani emakambani akawana kudengenyeka kukuru munguva yeHarare Recession muna 2008, izvo zvakasuruvara apo US Federal Reserve yakashuma kuti yaizogadzirisa zvirongwa zvayo zvekugadzirisa ("QE") uye kuwedzera mhindu yemari. Vakawanda vanobuda mumaketheni emari vakaona kuderera kukuru kwekukosha uye $ 2 triliyoni mumadhora emadhora-akashandiswa - anoshandiswa nehurumende dzakawanda dzinotanga kutengeswa nemakambani kubhadhara - yakava mari yekubhadhara mari.
Kuyereka kunoshamisa kwemafuta emafuta asina kukwana kwakawedzera matambudziko aya, sezvo mazhinji emakambani anomuka asina uwandu hwehupfumi hwakabudirira. Kutaura zvazviri, kubudirira kwehupfumi,, paavhareji, kwakaiswa mukati ma50 muzana zvishoma pamiti yemiti pane nyika yakagadzirwa. Nhoroondo dzamafuta asina kukwana nokuda kwechikamu chinokosha chekuwanda kwemari kune dzimwe nyika dzakadai seRussia neVenezuela, pamwe chete nenyika dzakawanda dziri kuMiddle East.
Aya masimba akatungamirira kune zvikwereti zvinokosha zvemisika kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzinotanga kubuda, izvo zvakaderedza kushushikana kwavo maererano nemakambani akabudirira. Semuenzaniso, US S & P 500 inotengeswa pamutengo we25.37x yakawanda, saJanuary 19, 2017, asi MSCI Inowanikwa Maritesi inotsvaga nekutengesa-mubhadharo wehuwandu hwe12.06x chete.
Kukoshesa vatengesi vangave, saka, vawane misika yakabuda inowanikwa mune mikana yakawanda kupfuura makambani akagadzirwa.
ETFs, Mutual Funds uye Stocks
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa nevatengi vanogona kuwana ruzivo kumisika inotanga kubuda, kusanganisira yega mashizha, kushandiswa-kutengeserana mari ("ETFs") kana mutual funds .
Nharaunda dzenyika dzakawanda dzinomiririra nzira inonyanya uye yakawanda-inobatsira yekuvaka kupiwa kwekuti inopa nzvimbo yose muhutetero imwechete uye ine mari shoma kudarika mari yakafanana yakafanana. Kunyange zvazvo kune dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabuda mumakethe ETFs kusarudza kubva, asi vashomanana chete ndivo vanofunga nezvekukosha kwemari yekuisa mari. Zvizhinji zvezvinonzi zvinonzi smart beta mari inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa inotengeswa yemari yemari ye ETFs inosanganisira:
- FlexShares Morningstar Emerging Markets Factor Tilt (TLTE)
- iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Minimum Volatility (EEMV)
- SPDR S & P Emerging Markets Kurambidzwa (EDIV)
- WisdomTree Emerging Markets High Dividend (DEM)
Pane zvinonzwisisika kuti mari yakawanda inoshandiswa kubva kune iyo inotarisa pamakambani emakambani anotengesa, asi akawanda acho anotungamirirwa zvakasimba pane kungotarisa (kunyange zvazvo mabhizimisi akachenjera). Mari yavo yakaenzana mari inogona kunge yakanyanya kudhura kupfuura yeEFs, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvakakosha kune vashandi kuti vafunge nezvemutevedzeri wechirangaridzo uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Imwe mhando yakakurumbira yekubuda mumakambani inokosha mari inobatana inosanganisira:
- T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Value Stock Fund (PRIJX)
- American Century Emerging Markets Value Fund (AEVVX)
- Brandes Emerging Markets Value Fund (BEMIX)
Pakupedzisira, vatengesi vanogona kutenga vanhu vanochengetwa seAmerican Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") kutengeserana kuAmerica kugoverana kana kune dzimwe nyika. Kakawanda, nzira inonyanya kuwanika yekuwana mikana iyi ndeyokushandisa zvikwata zvekutsvaga uye kutarisa matengesi kunze kwenyika kutengesa kuwandisa zvakaderedzwa kana kugoverana kwezvibereko zvinoshandisa zvishandiso seFinnViz (www.finviz.com). Izvo zvakanyanya ndezvokuti zvinogona kunge zvakadhura kuvaka chikwereti uye mamwe akawanda ematokisi acho haana mvura.
The Bottom Line
Makambani emakambani akambove aine chinangwa chekutsvaga mari, asi kupera kwavo kwekupedzisira kwakagadzira mikana yekukosha kwevatengesi. Kana tichitarisa mikana, vatengi vangave vachida kufunga nezvekukoshesa mari kana kuti kuongororwa kwemikana yega, nekuchengetedza pfungwa yehuwandu hwezvinoshandiswa, kutengesa, nezvimwe zvinokonzera ngozi.