Sangano re ACLU rinoti mabhizimisi emagetsi evanhu anorambidza First Amendment uye mutemo wechibvumirano nokuti majini "zvibereko zvezvisikwa" uye naizvozvo haagoni kuva nepamutemo. IAACLU yakaramba ichipa mhosva yekuti BRCA gwaro rekodzero dzinokonesa kukwanisa kwevakadzi kuwana mazita ekuongorora maitiro nekuda kwezvakabhadhara uye kuti Myriad's monopoly pamuedzo unovhara vakadzi kuti vasawana pfungwa yechipiri.
Nhengo mbiri dziri munyaya iyi dzakabatanidzwa nevanobatana vanofarira; mapoka emagariro, masayendisiti uye masangano ekurapa kumativi omuteereri uye mhizha yebhaotech uye vadzidzisi vepapaiti uye vanyori vezvematongerwo enyika kune rumwe rutivi rweMamiriyoni. Dhipatimendi reUnited States of Justice (DOJ) rakatumira hurukuro yamicus muDecember 2010 iyo yakatsigira nyaya ya ACLU. Iko DoJ yakataura kuti kodzero dzepamutemo dzinofanira kupiwa chete kune majeni akachinjwa.
MunaMarch 2010, Mutongi Robert W. Sweet weDare reMudunhu reUnited States muNew York akatonga kuti zvibvumirano zvakanga zvisina kukodzera. Akaona kuti kuzviparadzanisa kwema molecule hakuna kuitora inova, chidimbu chepa patent.
Zvisinei, musi waJuly 29, 2011, Federal Federal Court Court muNew York yakashandura mutemo we Sweet. Vatongi vatatu-vatongi vakatonga 3-0 kuti DNA inobatanidza (cDNA) , rudzi rwakashandurwa rweDNA, inokodzera; 2-1 iyo DNA yakasarudzwa inokodzera; uye 3-0 kuti nzira dzeMyriad dzekurapa maitiro ekurapa uye mazai emukenza maitiro anopa mhosva.
Mamiriro ezvinhu
Ruzhinji (inenge 80 muzana) yeDNA patent holders masayunivhesiti uye asina maturo asina kumbosimudzira purogiramu. Vatsvakurudzi vezvidzidzo vanoshanda mavheti ekudzivirira tsvakurudzo yavo pamwe nekureva kubvuma kunouya nekuwanikwa kwesayenzi. Kukundikana kushanda kwechiritiri chekuwanikwa kunogona kukonzera kusabvumirwa kuwana ruzivo rwekutsvakurudza kwavo kunofanira kupikisa mabhizimisi aya, kuisa pepa patent, nekushandisa kodzero dzavo sevadzidzisi vemvumo.
Ndiyo mhaka yemhosva yaMyriad yakaitika. Myriad Genetics, imwe purairi yega yega, yakashandisa kodzero yake yepamutemo sechenda wepaiti. Mamiriyoni emhosva dzinokwana madhora 3 000 nokuda kwekuongorora kuongorora kenza uye akachengetedza kodzero yakakwana yekuedzwa kusvikira patent yake yakapera muna 2015. Nyaya yacho yakanyanya kuoma kana mumwe achifunga nyaya yekare. Myriad Genetics inoshandisa zvibvumirano zveGRECA1 neGCA2 pamwe neYunivhesiti yeUtah, iyo yakawana majini kana ichibhadharwa neNational Institutes of Health (NIH). Sezvakangoita tsika, University of Utah inobvumira teknolojia kune imwe kambani yega yega yekutengeserana kwebhizimisi.
Chii chiri pa Stake?
Nyaya yekuti kana kuti kwete majini inofanira kunge yakagadzirwa nemutemo inobata varwere, mhizha, vatsvakurudzi, nevamwe.
Dambudziko nderokuti:
- Sezvo Human Genome Project yakapedziswa muna 2001, hofisi yePentent States yeUnited States yakapa mabhizimisi kusvika kune 60 000 DNA-based patents inobatanidza maitiro ezvinyorwa uye maitiro akafanana ekugadzirisa magetsi. Inenge 2 600 mvumo yepaDNA iri kure.
- Kutsvakurudza masayendisiti 'mutoro wekushandiswa kwekodzero yemakemikari inyanzvi mune zvekutsvakurudza nekuongorora kuongororwa.
- Mwoyo murefu wekuwana maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa nematambudziko ose uye kukwanisa kuwana mhinduro yechipiri.
- Zvichida mari inoshandiswa muzvikwata zve biotech mukugadzirwa kwemajini-based therapies uye magetsi ekuongorora
- Mubvunzo wehutsika uye hwefilosofi: Ndiani ane majini ako?
Arguments For
Biotechnology Industry Organisation, boka rezvemabhizimisi, rinotaura kuti maitiro ekudzivirira magetsi anodiwa pakukwezva zvikwereti zvinotungamirira kuzvinhu zvitsva. Muchikamu chema amicus kumatare ane chokuita neChirwere Chidiki, boka rakanyora kuti:
"Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mazita ezvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti kukwanisa kwekambani yeiotech kukwanisa kukwezva mari uye kubhadhara mari inodiwa pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvekuongorora, zvekurapa, zvekurima uye zvezvakatipoteredza. Nokudaro, nhau dzakasimudzwa munyaya iyi dzakakosha zvikuru kumakambani eU.S. biotechnology. "
Arguments Against
Vaya vanopomerwa mhosva mumiriri weMyriad vanotaura kuti zvinomwe zveMamiriyoni makumi maviri nemazana maviri emadhora makumi maviri nemazana maviri emakiromita emabhakitiri ane kodzero dzisiri pamutemo nokuti maitiro ezvisikwa echisikigo saka haasati apiwa mvumo, uye kuti mavheti anodzivisa kuongororwa kwekuongorora nekutsvakurudza kwekenza yakaberekwa uye yeavari.
Masayendisiti anopesana nejeni rekudzivirira anokwikwidza kuti zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvinodzivisa kutsvakurudza nekuda kwekudiwa kwekutendera kana kubhadhara teknolojia yepamutemo.
Vamwe vanachiremba uye masangano ezvokurapa vanofunga kuti kukura kwevashandi vanobvumirwa kushandiswa kwechiremera ndiko kunogadzirisa kuwanika kwechiremba kuhutachiona hwekuongorora kuongorora zvirwere zveAlzheimer's disease, kenza, nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotambura.
Kwainoenda
Imhosva Yakawanda yakasarudzwa neDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States musi waJune 13, 2013. Dare rakatonga pamwe chete kuti zvakasikwa kuti DNA yakasununguka haisi yepamusoro, asi iyo yakagadzirirwa DNA (kusanganisira cDNA ye BRCA1 uye mazamu maviri) inokodzera.
Chimwe chirevo kubva pamutemo wedare:
"DNA inowanzoitika kune imwe nzvimbo inogadzirwa nemhando yezvisikwa uye kwete yepamutemo yekufanirwa chete nokuti yakange yakasarudzwa, asi cDNA inobvumirwa nepamutemo nokuti haisi kuitika ... cDNA haisi" chibereko chechisikigo, "saka kodzero yepamutemo yepamutemo pasi pe ยง101. cDNA haisi yezvipingamupinyi zvakafanana zvekudzivirira kwezvakangoitika, zvakasiyana-siyana zveDNA zvikamu zvisikwa zvayo zvinoguma kune imwe nyika yega-molecule, iyo isiri kuitika. asi unyanzvi webasa haasi mubvunzo kuti inogadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva apo inturoni zvabviswa kubva kuDNA zvakaringana kuita cDNA. "
Dare reDare Repamusorosoro rinosiya vakawanda vane kodzero yepamutemo uye US Patent uye Office yeChechi yekutengeserana inobata bhegi rakavhenganiswa, ine mvumo yakawanda. Inenge makumi maviri kubva muzana yevanhu vese mapepa evanhu akatova nepamutemo, maererano neNational Society of Genetic Counselors.