Vatungamiriri muMun Molecule Technology
Pasinei nokukanganisa mukunzwa, kukurumidza uye ukuru hwekutsvaga kunowanikwa, nzira itsva yekutsanangurira inorondedzerwa muPNAS yaiva yeruzivo uye yakaratidza chivimbiso chakakwana chokubata ziso revanhu vanoita zvekudzidzira hurumende iyo yakaenda kuna purofesa pamusoro pekutsvaga mari mune teknolojia. Panofanira kunge pane chimwe chinhu pamusoro pesarudzo iyo ndiyo iyo inotengeserana nevashambadziri sezvo ichi chaiva chekutanga , maererano nevatariri venguva yakareba uye Mutevedzeri Mukuru weKutsvakurudza, Dr. Timothy Harris ... vanotengesa vatengesi havawanzoswedera masayendisiti, ndiyo imwe nzira yakapoteredza !
Bhuku rePNAS rakabudiswa musi waApril 1, 2003, rutsoka rwekutanga rwemari yekambani itsva yakatangwa musi wa19, 2003, uye muna Jan. 2, 2004, Helicos yakazarura mikova yayo nevashandi vashanu, kusanganisira Dr. Harris, nyanzvi pamusero wesayenzi uye isina imwe molecule teknolojia. Helicos ikozvino iri muCambridge MA, USA uye, mushure mokutengeswa kwemari 2 ekubhadhara mari, uye seye IPO musi waMay 27, 2007, iko zvino yatengeswa pachena pasi peNASDAQ: HLCS .
Helicos inonyanya kuongorora maitiro ezvemagetsi, kunyanya, teknolojia yeTeam Single-Molecule Sequencing (tSMS TM ) , yakagadziriswa nekutarisa kwemajene emuviri weM13 sezvinotsanangurwa muScience Magazine munaMuvhuro 2008. Ipepanhau reTSMS rimwechete rinoshandisa HeliScope TM Single Molecule Sequencer .
Maererano naDkt. Harris, chirongwa ichi chakatangwa munaJanuary 2004, uye muna June 2005 vakanyatsogadzirisa maitiro eHIV, iyo inorondedzerwa mumagetsi, inotsanangurwa mumagazini yeSayenzi.
Ko tSMS TM Inoshanda sei?
Rimwe dina reDNA rinenge riri pakati pe100-200 kubva pamadziro maviri rinocheka kuita zviduku zviduku kushandiswa kwemagetsi enzymes , uye miswe mizhinji inowanikwa. Iyo micheka yakaderedzwa inobva yasanganiswa ku Helicos flow flow plate, iyo ine mabhiriyoni e- polyT maketani akasungirirwa kusvika kumusoro. Imwe neimwe template yakakonzerwa inongororwa panguva imwe chete. Saka mabhiriyoni pamhanho inogona kuverengwa. Kunyora kunowanikwa mu "quads" ine maitiro mana, imwe neimwe ye 4 nucleotide bases. Mabhesi e-fluorescent akanyorwa mazita akawedzerwa, uye laser muchombo inovhenekera maratidziro, kutora kuverengwa kwezvidzidzo zvakatora iyo yakanyorwa pasi. Itairi yacho inonamirwa, uye inotevera inotanga nechitsva chitsva. Mushure mekuyerera kwechitokisi chave chichitarirwa nesheyo imwe neimwe (4 maitiro), quad yakwana, uye imwe itsva inotanga zvakare neyokutanga nucleotide base.
Pari zvino, HeliScope TM inogona kuverenga zvidimbu zveDNA zvinenge makumi maviri neshanu pakureba. Izvo zvidzidzo zvakanyanya muhutano, pasi pepakati yemakanda anogona kushandiswa mumuenzaniso, nokuti mamwe makanda anorega kuwedzera mukati mekuita.
Nekuverenga kwezvinguva makumi maviri kana zvitanhatu, zvingasvika 86% zvezvidimbu zvinogona kushandiswa. Kwemaverengi akareba (55+ base pairs) iyi inodonha madonhwe kusvika 50%.
The Single-Molecule Benevantage
Kunyange zvazvo mamwe makambani akawanda anopa mazano akasiyana-siyana-ne-synthesis technologies nepamusoro-soro mapuratifomu, reagents akasiyana-siyana, pamari inofanana, uye nekuverengeka kwemaverengi e 25-40 mabhesi maviri, Helicos chete inongoverenga DNA kuenzanirana imwe nucleotide panguva imwe nekodzero yavo kunyorera nzira iyo inonzwisisika zvokuti inobvumira kuverenga pane imwechete molecule. Mimwe nzira inoda kuti DNA iwedzere kushandiswa (uchishandisa PCR ) kuti iite yakawanda (mamiriyoni) emakopi isati yasarudzwa. Iyo inotaurira kukwanisa kwehuwandu hwekusaziva kubva pamusana pekugadzirisa zvikanganiso nema polymerase enzyme panguva yekusimudzira.
Kubva munaEpril 2008, HeliScopeTM yakanzi yakakwanisa kuenzanisa mabhiriyoni e nucleotide zvigaro pazuva.
Helicos inhengo yeMunhu Wakagadzirwa neMedhaine uye yakagamuchira "$ 1000 genome" rubatsiro rwekubatsira mari. Iyo $ 1000 genome mune rimwe zuva chinangwa chinorongwa chingadikanwa kuti sequencer agadzire mabhiriyoni ezvigaro nenguva. Parizvino, mufananidzo wacho unotora makore kuti aone gome rose, iro raizodhura mari inopfuura $ 1000.
Izvo zvinoshandiswa ne tSMSTM teknolojia yakawanda, kusanganisira kuonekwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu nemamwe marudzi kuti aone zvinokonzera zvirwere, antibiotic kushorwa mumabhakitiriya, hutachiona muropa uye nezvimwe. Kukwanisa kuongorora geni rimwe chete pasina kukura kune zvakawanda zvinogona kushandiswa mumagadzirirwo emakemikari, sezvo mararamiro anowanzoshandiswa kuti aone michina inobatsira, isingakwiriki kana inowanikwa mune ivhu uye mamwe matrices anorega kudzivisa kune nzira dzezvino. Uyezve, maitiro ezvakatipoteredza anowanzokonzera zvinetso zvekugadzirisa geni uchishandisa PCR, nemhaka yekusvibiswa. Zvisinei, matambudziko aya aifanirawo kukundwa kuitira kuti polymerase enzymes inoshandiswa mu tSMSTM kushande pasina kupindira.
Dzidziso yekusarudza-molecule inongororwa yakarurama, uye iwe unganetseka kuti nei pasina munhu akafunga nezvazvo kare. Kunyange zvazvo zvinonzwika zviri nyore, kune zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvekugadzira zvakabatanidzwa pakugadzira mapurisa akadaro, uye kuwanda kwezvinetso zvekuchengetedza Helicos zvakabatikana, kusanganisira nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva emakemikari uye reagents, mahwendefa uye vaverengi vakakwirira vanoverenga. Kukwanisa kuona kuti fluorescence yekodhi rimwe chete pane imwechete yepasi inoda instrumentation yakanyanya , uye chimiro chekuisa mazita uye kucherechedza zviratidzo zvinoda kunge zvakakodzera kuderedza kupindira uye kuwedzera kuvimbika kweDNA polymerase sezvo inoshandiswa kumatemu asina kukwana uye akanyorwa nucleotides. Izvi ndezvimwe zvezvinetso zvinotarisana neHelicos sezvo zvichienderera mberi nekugadzira teknolojia iyi mune tariro yeimwe zuva kuunza $ 1000, 1-day genome yemunhu.