Sei Chimwe Mac Mac Ichida Mari Yakaderera muChina?
Sei economist ichitaura izvozvo? Shamba yepasi rose inobvumira vanhu kutengesa kumativi ose kuitira mutengo wakanakisisa. Zvichipiwa nguva yakakwana, simba rose rekutsvaga richava rakaenzana, kana kuti kusvika parity. PPP inobva kumutemo wemutengo umwe.
Icho chinotaura kuti kana imwe nguva musiyano wekushandurwa kwemari yakaverengwa, ipapo zvinhu zvose zvinodhura zvakafanana. (Kubva: "Journal of Economic Literature," Purchasing Power Parity Puzzle, June 1996.)
Icho hachisi chokwadi munyika chaiyo pane zuva nezuva. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwekutakura mari, mitero, uye mutero . Vanhu havagoni kutumira zvimwe zvinhu. Mienzaniso yakanaka ndeye nyika uye maitiro akaita semakusheti. Hasi vanhu vose munyika yose vane ruzivo rwakadaro rwekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu wekumaruwa China haagoni kusarudza pakati pezvose zvakanaka uye basa munyika yose. Zvichida rimwe zuva Amazon.com uye vamwe vatengesi vepaIndaneti vachabatsira simba rekutsvaga simba parity.
PPP Calculation
Kutengesa simba parity ndiyo kuverenga kunotarisa kuti zvinhu zvinodhura zvakadini kana huripo huripo. Inotarisa kuchinja kwekushandurwa kwemari . Inotsanangura kuti chimwe nechimwe chinhu chinotengwa munyika chinodhura kana chakatengeswa muUnited States.
Izvi zvinowedzerwa zvezvinhu zvose zvekupedzisira nemabasa ekubudiswa munyika iyoyo kune gore rakapiwa.
Parity inonetsa kuverenga. Mari yeUnited States inofanira kugoverwa kune zvose. Izvo zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvisingawanikwi muAmerica. Semuenzaniso, hapasi akawanda emombe-makotori muUnited States.
Dai mari yeUnited States ingarondedzera zvakajeka kukosha kwayo mumaruwa eVietnam, uko kunoda kukura mupunga? Ndeipi iyo yeAmerica yakaenzana yekodzero yekudhonza bvudzi mune imwe nyika iyo nhengo dzemhuri dzinoipa?
Kune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira , iyo PPP inofungidzirwa kushandisa yakawanda yehutano hwekushandurwa kwepamutemo. Kune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira , IOER nePPP matanho emiti yakakodzwa yakawanda yakafanana, sezvo mararamiro avo ehupenyu ari pedyo neUnited States.
Iyo Inoshandiswa Sei
Kutenga simba parity kunoshandiswa mumamiriro akawanda. Nzira yakakurumbira ndeyekugadzirisa kutengesa kwemutengo pakati penyika. Semuenzaniso, China yakabudisa $ 10,98 trillion muzvigadzirwa nemabasa muna 2015. US yakabudisa $ 17.95 trillion. Iwe haugone kuenzanisa aya maviri usina kufunga nezvekuti mari yekugara muChina yakaderera zvikuru kupinda muUnited States.
Somuenzaniso, McDonald's Big Mac inoshandisa $ 5.04. MuChina, unogona kuwana chinhu chimwe chete kune $ 2.79 chete. Vanhu vari kuChina havadi mari yakawanda nokuti inodhura zvishoma kuti vararame. Kana uchida kufananidza zvimwe, ona Economist's Big Mac Index.
Izvozvo ndezvokuti China inogadzirisa hutengo hwemari yayo kuva yakaderera kudarika US $ . Iyo inoda zvinoda mari yekurarama nayo yakaderera, saka inogona kubhadhara vashandi vayo pasi.
Somugumisiro, zvayo zvekutengeserana zvinodhura zvishoma, zvichiita kuti zvikwikwidzane pamusika wepasi rese. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Currency Wars .
Kutenga simba parity kunogadzirisa dambudziko rekuenzanisa nyika nemaitiro akasiyana ehupenyu. Iyo inodzokorora kukosha kwezvinhu zvenyika uye mabasa ehurumende sekunge kuti dziri kutengeswa kuAmerica mutengo. Pasi pePPP, Chinese Big Mac inodhura $ 5.04, yakafanana neyo inoita muUnited States. Somugumisiro, GDP yeChina pasi pePPP inodarika $ 19.39 trillion. Izvo zvinoita kuti ive hupfumi hwepasi pose , mberi kweEuropean Union neUnited States. Ndicho chikonzero CIA inopa kuongororwa kweGDP pamusangano wekushandurwa kwepamutemo uye simba rekutsvaga parity.
Pasina kutenga simba parity, GDP yeChina per capita ingangodaro inenge iine madhora 6 475. Icho chiri pasi kudarika muitiro wekurarama muUkraine, Algeria kana Kosovo.
Ne PPP, mumwe nomumwe we3,3 triliyoni anogamuchira (pamwero wega) kubhadhara $ 14,100 mune zvekugadzirwa kwemari. Izvo zviri nani, asi zvichiri pamwero weRibhiya uye zvakanyanya kupfuura Iraq. Yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura GDP yeU.S. per capita ye $ 55,800. Ndiyokuti United States inoparadzanisa GDP yayo pakati pevanhu 319 mamiriyoni chete. (Inobva: "CIA Factbook," Central Intelligence Agency.)
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingaitiki kakawanda, PPP inoshandiswawo kuisa mutengo wekutsinhanisa kune nyika itsva . Inoshandiswa kureva ramangwana rekushandurwa kwemari.