Kuenzanisa Kwekubhadhara, Zvikamu Zvayo, uye Kurasikirwa Nezvokuwedzera

by Kimberly Amadeo

Nzira Nhatu Nyika Inofanirwa Kukura Kwayo

Iko mari yekubhadhara ndiyo nhoroondo yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese dzemari dzakaitwa nevagari venyika. Mari yekubhadhara yenyika inokuudza kana inochengetedza zvakakwana kubhadhara zvigadzirwa zvayo. Inoratidzawo kuti nyika inobhadhara mari yakakwana yekubhadhara kukura kwayo. BOP inonzi yechina kana gore.

Nhare yekubhadhara mari inoreva kuti nyika inotengesa zvimwe zvinhu, mabasa uye mari kune iyo inotengeswa . Inofanira kukweretwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuti ibhadhara zvigadzirwa zvayo. Mune nguva shomanana, iyo inofuridzira hupfumi hwenyika . Zvakafanana nokutora chikwereti chechikoro kubhadhara dzidzo. Zvaunotarisirwa pamusoro pekubhadhara mubhadharo zvakakosha kubhadhara.

Mune nguva refu, nyika inova muchengeti wekutengesa, kwete murimi, wehupfumi hwepasi rose. Ichafanira kupinda mune chikwereti kubhadhara kudyirwa panzvimbo yekutsvaga mari mune ramangwana rekukura. Kana kukanganisa kunopfuurira kwenguva yakareba, nyika inogona kutengesa zvinhu zvayo kuti ibhadhara vatengi vayo. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira zviwanikwa zvepanyika , nyika uye zvinhu ,

Bhiri rebhadharo rinopfuura rinoreva kuti nyika inotengesa kunze kune iyo inotengeswa. Hurumende yayo uye vagari varo ndivo vanoponesa. Vanopa mari yakakwana yekubhadhara zvose zvekugadzirwa kwemhuri. Vangatokweretesa kunze kwenyika.

Zvimwe zvinowedzera kukura kwehupfumi munguva pfupi. Izvi ndezvekuti inokweretesa mari kune dzimwe nyika dzinotenga zvigadzirwa zvayo. Iko kunowedzera mafaira ayo, achivabvumira kuhaya vanhu vakawanda.

Mukufamba kwenguva, nyika inova yakawanda zvikuru kune yekutsvaga-kutengeswa kunoitwa. Inofanira kukurudzira vagari vayo kuti vashandise zvakawanda. Imwe misika yakakura yemudzimai ichadzivirira nyika kubva pakuchinja kwehuwandu hwekuchinja. Inobvumirawo makambani ayo kukudziridza zvinhu uye mabasa kuburikidza nekushandisa vanhu varo semushamba wekuedza.

BOP Zvikamu

Nhamba yebhadharo ine zvinhu zvitatu. Ndiyo nhoroondo yezvemari , iyo nhoroondo huru uye nhoroondo yezvino. Nhoroondo yezvemari inotsanangura kuchinja kwehuwandu hwehupfumi hwezvinhu. Iyo nhoroondo huru inosanganisira chero kushandiswa kwemari kusingabatsiri mari inowanikwa. Nhoroondo yemazuva ano inotarisa kutengeserana kwenyika dzose, mari inowanikwa mumari yekutsvaga nekubhadhara zvakananga. Heanoi muyero wekubhadhara zvikamu uye kuti vanoshanda sei pamwe chete.

01 Financial Account

Nhoroondo yezvemari inotarisa 1) kuchinja muimba yeimba yezvimwe zvekunze uye 2) muridzi wekune imwe nyika yeimba yeimba. Kana humwe humwe hwekune imwe nyika hunowedzera huwandu huri humba hwemhuri hunoita, hunoita kuti pave nedambudziko mumabhuku ezvemari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyika iri kutengesa zvinhu zvayo, segoridhe , zvigadzirwa nematokari emakambani, nekukurumidza kudarika kuwanikwa kune dzimwe nyika.

02AAA Capital Account

Nhoroondo huru inotarisa kushandiswa kwemari kusingabatsiri nyika, mari kana kugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, inorondedzera kuendeswa kune dzimwe nyika kwekodzero dzekuchera, marikirwo emabhizimisi uye kodzero dzekodzero. Nhamba dzakawanda dzekutengeserana kwebhuku dzinoitika zvisingaiti, zvakadai seyambuka-bhudha rebhadharo. Nhoroondo huru ndiyo chikamu chiduku chiduku chekubhadhara.

03 Nhamba Ino

Nhoroondo yemazuva ano inotarisa shanduko yemabhizimisi munyika pamwe nemigumisiro yemari yakawanikwa uye kubhadhara zvakakwana. Apo mabasa evanhu venyika anopa mari yakakwana uye mari yekubhadhara zvose zvavanenge vatenga, bhizimisi nebasa rehurumende rekushandiswa kwemigodhi, ipapo iyo yega yega yega yakaenzana.

04 Nhamba Ino Yakaitika: Kuwandisa

Nhoroondo yezvinoitika yekodzero ndeye apo vagari vomunyika vanopedza zvakawanda pane zvekutengeswa kunze kwezvavanoponesa. Kubhadhara chikwereti ichocho, dzimwe nyika inokweretesa, kana kuisa mari, mabhizimisi emunyika. Nyika inokweretesa inowanzoda kubhadhara nekuda kwekushaya mari nokuti mabhizinesi ayo anobatsira kubva kune dzimwe nyika kune imwe nyika. Mukumhanya kwenguva pfupi, kukanganisa kwekambani ikozvino kukunda / kukunda kumarudzi maviri.

Asi kana kukanganisa kwenhoroondo ikozvino kuchienderera kwenguva yakareba, kunonoka kukura kwehupfumi. Sei? Vanokweretesa kune dzimwe nyika vachatanga kushamisika kana vachawana kudzoka zvakakwana pane yavo yekutsvaga. Kana kudiwa kunowira pasi, kukosha kwebhadharo yenyika yakwereta kunogonawo kuderera. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuhuwandu hwematongerwo enyika sezvinotengeswa mutengo wemiti Iko inogadzirawo huwandu hwekuda kwehuwandu sezvo hurumende inofanira kubhadhara michero yakakwirira pamabatanidzwa ayo.

05 Akaunti Inoyo: Kurasikirwa kweUnited States

Nhoroondo yeAmerica ikozvino yakawandisa yakawana $ 803 mabhiriyoni muna 2006. Izvo zvakagadzira kunetseka pamusoro pekusimudzira kwekusaenzana kwakadaro. Kunyange zvazvo kutengesa kwepamusoro kwakaridzika shure, zvinoita sezviri kuwedzera zvakare.

Nyevero dzakagadzirwa neCongressal Budget Office , uye mhinduro dzayo dzakarongwa, dzinoshanda zvakare nhasi. Kuchengetedza kwekutsvaga mari muUnited States kunogona kuva zvakare kunetseka kune vatengesi vepasi. Vanhu veAmerica vakacheka pamari yekukweretesa kadhi rechikwereti, uye kuwedzera kwekuchengetedza kwakagadziriswa, asi zvakakwanira here kubhadhara mabhizinesi ekukura? Kana zvisingaiti, zvinogona kutungamirira kune kutengesa kwepamusoro uye kumahombekombe ekudzvara, kuderedza hupenyu hweUnited States.

06 Nhamba Yemazuva Ano: Bhizimusi reMabhizimisi

Iko mari yekutengeserana inotarisa kutengeswa kwenyika uye kutengeswa kwenyika. Ichi ndicho chikamu chakakura chekambani yemazuva ano, iyo pachayo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yebhadharo yekubhadhara. Nyika dzakawanda dzinoedza kudzivisa kupererwa kwebhizimisi , asi chinhu chakanaka kune dzimwe nyika dzinotengeserana. Izvi zvinovabatsira kuti vakure nokukurumidza kupfuura zvavanogona kana vakachengeta zvakasara.

07 Trade Balance: US Inotengeswa uye Kutengeserana

IUnited States yakatengesa $ 4.9 trilliyoni kune dzimwe nyika muna 2016. Iyo yaiva $ 2.2 triliyoni mune zvekutengeswa uye $ 2.7 triliyoni mune zvekutengeswa . Ndiwo wechitatu-mukuru wekutengesa kunze, asi mutengesi wepamusoro. Nekukura kwayo uye upfumi, inofanira kunge iri kutumira zvimwe. Imwe yezvinetso zvakanyanya kuUnited States zvinotengeswa ndezvokuti dzimwe nyika dzine tsika shoma dzekurarama . Vanogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvishoma kudarika nokuti vanobhadhara vashandi vavo pasi.

Sei tisingagoni kuita zvinhu zvose pamba? Tinogona, asi vaizodhura zvakawanda. Vanhu vakawanda havadi kubhadhara zvimwe chete kuti vachengetedze US mabasa. US inotengeswa inodhura zvishoma kudarika zvigadzirwa zvemumba. America inotengesa zvinopfuura hafu yezvinhu zvayo kubva kunyika shanu chete .

08 Nhoroondo Yemazuva Ano: Kuora Kwekutsvaga Tsanangudzo

Kusawanda kwebasa kunoguma kana nyika inotengeswa kupfuura iyo inotengesa kunze. Kupinza zvinhu chero zvipi nezvipi zvinoshandiswa kune imwe nyika, kunyange kana ikabudiswa kune dzimwe nyika nekambani yepamusha.

Nokudaro, kukanganisa kwebhizimisi kunogona kuitika kunyange kana zvose zvinotengeswa zviri kutengeswa, uye kutumira purofiti, yeimba yepamusoro. Nekuwedzera kwemakambani emarudzi akawanda uye kushambadzira kwebasa , kuperevedza kwebhizimisi kuri kuwedzera.

09 Nhoroondo Ino: US Trade Deficit

Chikamu chikuru chekushaya mari kweUnited States kunokonzerwa nekuvimba kweAmerica kune dzimwe nyika mafuta. Apo mitengo yemafuta inomuka, ndizvo zvakaitawo mari yekutengesa. America inotengesawo motokari yakawanda uye zvigadzirwa zvevatengi. US exports inosanganisira zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvakafanana, asi hazvina kukwana kuwedzera zvakashata.