5 Nzira dzekuita uye 4 Gara kuZvibvumirano Zvokutengeserana Zvikuru Munyika
Izvo zvakaenzana zvishoma zvinoita kuti zvive zvakasimba kupfuura dzimwe mhando dzekubatana kwezvibvumirano kana mapoka ose achisayina. Zvibvumirano zvekubatana zviri nyore kuitisana asi izvi ndezvenyika mbiri chete.
Havana hukuru hwakakonzera kukura kwezvoupfumi sezvinoitwa chibvumirano chakawanda.
Zvikomborero Zvishanu
Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvinogadzira zvinyorwa zvose zvinotarisana. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti hapana nyika inogona kupa zvekutengeserana zviri nani kune imwe nyika pane inoita kune imwe. Izvo zvinongoridza kutamba munda. Zvinonyanya kukosha kune dzimwe nyika dzinotengeswa . Vakawanda vavo vari vashoma mukukura, vachiita kuti vasakwikwidzana. Rudzi Rwakanyanya Kufarirwa Mamiriro ezvinhu anopa mitemo yakanakisisa yebhizimisi rudzi runogona kuwana kubva kune vatengesi. Nyika dzichiri kubudirira dzinobatsira zvikuru kubva pachiitiko ichi chekutengesa.
Chechipiri kubatsirwa ndeyokuti inowedzera bhizimusi kune vose vanoita. Makambani avo anofarira mari shoma. Izvo zvinoita kuti kutengeserana kwavo kudhura.
Rutsigiro rwechitatu ndirwo runomira mitemo yebhizimisi kune vose vanobatana navo. Makambani anoponesa mitemo yepamutemo sezvo vachitevera mitemo imwechete yenyika imwe neimwe.
Chechina chinobatsira ndechokuti nyika dzinogona kutaurirana nezvekutengeserana kunosangana nenyika dzinopfuura imwe panguva.
Zvibvumirano zvezvekutengeserana zvinosvika pakurongeka kwakadzama.
Nyika dzakawanda dzinosarudza kuwana chibvumirano chimwe chichigadziriswa chakafukidza nyika zhinji kamwechete.
Ichishanu yekubatsira inoshandiswa kumashamba ekubuda. Bhizimisi dzekutengeserana mabvumirano dzinofanirwa kufarira nyika nehupfumi hwakanaka. Izvo zvinoita kuti rudzi rwakakosha ruve rusina kunaka.
Asi kugadzira misika yakasimuka inowedzera kusimbisa hupfumi hwakagadzirwa munguva.
Sezvo maruva aya anotanga kukura, huwandu hwepakati pevanhu hunowedzera. Izvo zvinoumba vatengi vatsva vanobvumirana kune vose.
Zvisina Kukwana
Chinhu chikuru chakaipa chezvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvekuti zvakaoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma uye nguva inopedza kukurukura. Dzimwe nguva urefu hwekutaurirana hunoreva kuti hahuzoiti zvachose.
Chechipiri, tsanangudzo dzekukurukurirana dzinonyanya kushandiswa nebhizimisi. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vanhu vakawanda vanowanzokunzwisisa. Somugumisiro, vanogamuchira mhando dzakawanda dzepepanhau, nharo, uye kupembera.
Chechitatu chisingaiti chinowanikwa kune chero chibvumirano chebhizimisi. Mamwe makambani uye nzvimbo dzenyika dzinotambura apo miganhu yebhizimisi inonyangarika. Mabhizimisi maduku haagoni kukwikwidzana nemhomho yevanhu vakawanda. Vanowanzovhara vashandi kuderedza mari. Vamwe vanofambisa zvinyorwa zvavo kune nyika dzine mararamiro ezasi. Kana imwe nharaunda yairemekedzwa nemabhizimusi iwayo, yaizove nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabasa. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvisafarirwe.
Mienzaniso
Mamwe magungano ezvematongerwo enyika anotengeserana akawanda. Chikuru ndiyo North American Free Trade Agreement yakagamuchirwa musi waJanuary 1, 1994.
NAFTA iri pakati peUnited States, Canada , uye Mexico .
Yakawedzerwa kutengesa 300 muzana pakati payo kutanga na 2009. Asi Mutungamiri Donald Trump akatyisidzira kurega kubva ku NAFTA. Kana Trump inodonha NAFTA , Canada neMexico zvinongodzokera kune imwe nyika yekutengeserana kwechibvumirano inokonzera mitero yakakwirira yepamusoro. Nhamba yekutengesa kune imwe nyika kuCanada neMexico ichaderera uye mitengo inotengeswa kubva kune dzimwe nyika ichakwira.
ICentral American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement yakasayirwa musi waAugust 5, 2004. CAFTA yakabvisa mitengo inopfuura 80 muzana yeAmerica kunze kwenyika kusvika kunyika nhanhatu. Izvi zvinosanganisira Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, uye El Salvador. Pakazosvika gore ra2013, yakawedzera kutengeswa ne 71 muzana kana $ 60 biliyoni.
Mutungamiri weTrans-Pacific ungadai wakakura kupfuura NAFTA .
Hurukuro dzakaguma musi waOctober 4, 2015. Mushure mokuva mutevedzeri, Donald Trump akabva pachibvumirano. Akavimbisa kuti aizotsiva zvibvumirano . I TPP yaiva pakati peUnited States nedzimwe nyika gumi nemasere dzakapoteredza Pacific Ocean. Zvaizove zvakabvisa mari uye maitiro emabhizimisi akaenzana.
Zvose zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pasi rose zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyo inonyanya kubudirira ndeyeGvumirano Yese Yezvekutengeserana neMari. Mamwe zana nemakumi mashanu neatatu nyika yakasaina GATT muna 1947. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuderedza mitengo uye zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvebhizimisi.
Muna September 1986, Uruguay Round yakatanga muPunta del Este, Uruguay. Yakatarirwa pakuwedzera zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi kune dzimwe nzvimbo itsva. Izvi zvaisanganisira mazano uye zvinhu zvepfungwa. Yakagadziridzawo kutengeserana mune zvekurima uye zvigadzirwa. Musi wa15 Kubvumbi 1994, hurumende 123 dzakabatanidzwa dzakasaina chibvumirano ku Marrakesh, Morocco. Izvozvo zvakaumba World Trade Organization . Iko yaifunga kutungamirirwa kwemazuva ose emangwana kukurukurirana.
Purogiramu yekutanga yeWTO yaive yeDhaha yezvokutengeserana kwebhizimisi muna 2001. Icho chakanga chiri chibvumirano chakawanda chekutengeserana pakati pevanhu 149 veWTO. Nyika dzichiri kubudirira dzaizobvumira kutengeswa kwemari yemari, kunyanya kubhengi . Mukuita kudaro, vaifanira kuongorora mitengo yavo. Mukudzoka, nyika dzakagadziridzwa dzaizoderedza mari yepurazi. Izvozvo zvingasimbisa kukura kwenyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakange dzakanaka mukugadzira chikafu. Asi purazi lobbies muUnited States uye European Union yakamira. Vakaramba kubvumirana nekuderedza rubatsiro kana kubvuma kukwikwidzana kwekunze kwenyika. IWTO yakasiya Doha kumativi munaJune 2006.
Musi waDecember 7, 2013, vamiririri veWTO vakabvumirana kune izvo zvinonzi Bali package. Nyika dzose dzakabvumirana kuderedza mitemo yemitemo uye kuderedza tape tsvuku kuti inokurumidza kutengesa kutengeserana. Kudyidzana kwezvokudya chinhu. India inoda kugovera zvokudya kuitira kuti inogona kuiisa iyo kugovera kana iri nzara. Dzimwe nyika dzinonetseka kuti India inogona kuderedza zvokudya zvisingabhadharwi mumusika wepasi rose kuwana mari yemugove.