Chii Chinoitika Kana Tisingagoni Kuchengetedza Nenyuchi Munguva?
Dambudziko riri kuwedzera. MunaMuvhuro 2016, vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangura kuti vanyuchi vekuchera nyuchi vakarasikirwa makumi mana nezana makumi mana emazana avo mumakore gumi nemaviri apfuura.
Izvo zvinobva ku 42.1 muzana muna 2015 uye 39 muzana muna 2014.
2015 ndiyo yaiva yekutanga munhau kuti varindi vakarasikirwa nenyuchi munguva yezhizha kupfuura munguva yechando. Kana kukanganiswa kwekoni kuenderera mberi kuchikwira pamwero wezvino, hutungamiri hweuchi hunobuda huripo hunopera muna 2035.
Dambudziko rakatanga muma1980. Ndiyo apo mapfupa maviri eropa-cucking parasitic akapinda muUnited States. Asi masayendisiti mazhinji anotenda kuti zvipembenene zvakanga zvatoita kuti nyuchi dzidzivirire.
Migumisiro paEconomy
NyokuMadokero uchi nyuchi ndiye mutungamiri wenyika akakwanisa kuponesa marudzi emhando. Chikumbiro chebasa rayo chakasimwa kubva kune michero, nhu, uye varimi vezvirimwa. Pakati pevaki vemiji, varimi vomuamondi vane zvidikanwi zvakanyanya zvekushaiwa nyuchi. Izvo zvinoda kumirira mbeu dzinenge zana yemiti, zvichiita chikamu chimwe chetatu chemavhareji ezvokudya. Nyuchi inosvika $ 15 mabhiriyoni kumabhizimisi ekudyisa US.
Kuvhiringidzwa kweuchi huchi hutsva huchikwidza mitengo yemiti yakakura mumunda, michero, nemiriwo.
MuCalifornia, iyo yakawanda katatu yemaplining. Vanyuchi venyuchi vekuchera nyuchi vakapa varimi vomuammond $ 51.99 pamusika muna 2003. Pakazosvika 2009 zvakasimuka kusvika ku $ 157.03 musango. Pakazosvika gore ra2016, mari iyo yakawedzera kusvika pamatengo pakati pe $ 180 kusvika ku $ 200 mukoko.
Mumakore matanhatu ekupedzisira, mishonga yenzuchi yakashandisa $ 2 biliyoni kuti inotora mamikoko gumi nemamiriyoni. Izvo ndezvemabhizimisi ayo anoita $ 500 mamiriyoni pagore.
Izvo zvinodhura zvinokonzera varimi venyuchi kuti vawane zvakawanda kuti vatsive ming'u pavanenge vachiwa. Mari yepamusoro inodhura varimi vemarimondi vachiwedzera $ 83 mamiriyoni pagore. Vanodarika iyo mari kuburikidza nemitengo yakakwirira.
Colony inoparara chirwere inobatawo hupenyu hwehupenyu hwehutachiwana. Nyuchi dzinosvibisa huvhavha, uswa, uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvinomera. Sezvo vachifa, zvinomutsa mari yezvokudya. Iko kunowedzera mombe yemombe uye mukaka panzvimbo yekudya.
Dambudziko racho rinotungamirira kune kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kubva kune dzimwe nyika uko isipo. Izvozvo zvichasimudza mari yeUnited States .
Izvo Hurumende Inoita Kuiisa
Musi waJanuary 10, 2017, US Fish uye Wildlife Service yakarongedza mhando dzakashata dzakasungirirwa pazvinyorwa zvayo zvine ngozi pangozi. Mitemo yekudzivirira nyuchi dzaifanira kuitika musi waFebruary 17. Pane kudaro, dzakanonoka kusvikira musi waMarch 21. Izvozvo ndezvokuti Mutungamiri Trump akanyorera hutungamiri hwekutarisira kunonoka mitemo yose kubva pakubata kusvikira panguva iyoyo.
MunaMuvhuro 2015, nyuchi dzeMutungamiri Obama uye Dutu reMigodhi Task Force rakashuma migumisiro yekudzidza kwegore. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzikisa uchi hunyuchi hurasira muhusiku munguva yechando kusvika 15 muzana mukati memakore gumi. Izvo zvichawedzerawo Monarch butterfly population. Sangano rehuruzhinji / rega rega rakavimbisa kudzorera mamiriyoni manomwe emakiritsi emiganhu yezvipembenene pamakore mashanu.
Izvo zvinosanganisira masango anopiswa nemoto wemoto, nzvimbo yehofisi, uye kugadzirisa migwagwa yemugwagwa.
The Environmental Protection Agency yakagamuchirwa mvumo yekushandiswa chero kupi zvayo kweeonicotinoid pesticides. Inorayira kurambidza idzi zvinouraya mbeu kana zvirimwa zviri mumaruva uye nyuchi dziripo. Ichaongorora zvakare kushandiswa kwezvipembenene. Inoronga kuparidzira kuongororwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kwehutano mu 2017 ne 2018. European Union yatove yakarambidza zvipembenene izvi.
Musi waJune 20, 2014, Obama akasika boka revanhu kuti rione kuti chii chiri kuuraya nyuchi nemamwe mapoliseni. Akarayira boka racho kuti riuye nechirongwa chekuchinja zvinhu. Akaisawo $ 50 Mamiriyoni muGwaro reMari ra2015 kuti agadzirise dambudziko iri.
Zvinokonzera Colony Collapse
Colony kugumburwa dambudziko rakaonekwa sekutyisidzira kwakakomba muna 2006.
Masayendisiti anofungidzirwa mavairasi, pesticidhe, uye fungicides vakaita kuti nyuchi dzishungurudzike kune mite.
MunaJanuary 2013, European Food Safety Authority yakataura kuti zvitatu zveononicotinoid class insecticides zvakashatisa nyuchi dzomuviri. Aya makemikari ndeokuti clothianidin, imidacloprid, uye thiamethoxam. Nenyuchi dzinotora pesticidhe kuburikidza neguruva uye zvakasara paini nepepenene. Vanounza chepfu zvakare kumumkoko. Izvozvo zvinowedzera simba ravo rekudzivirira muviri. Somugumisiro, ivo vanowanzosvibiswa nemaronda.
Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa muzviyo zveAmerica. Izvo zvisinei nekupikisa kweBeyond Pesticides, Pesticide Action Network North America, uye Center for Food Food. Aya mapoka akambomira kwemakore kuti pesticides inokonzera kukanganiswa kweuchi nyuchi. Izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya shiri dzakawanda nemamwe mhuka dzesango.
Nyuchi hadzifi mumumvuri wavo. Pane kudaro, vanobhururuka kuti vafe voga. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kutora zvitunha zvinokwana nyuchi kuti dzidzidze. Asi vatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeMadganic vakawana uchapupu hunogutsa. Yakapisa mapureni akazadzwa nemafungicides uye mishonga inopindwa nenyuchi. Vakabva vatowedzera kunetseka kuNosema ceranae parasite.
I Bloomberg Businessweek March 28, 2011 nhau inoshuma kuti vanyuchi vekuchera nyuchi vari kurwisana nekuberekesa nyuchi dzakawanda. Vanopatsanura mikoko mumatambo nezhizha. Izvi zvinoita kuti nyuchi dzigadzire dzimwe nyanzvi. Icho chaingova stopgap measure. Kushandiswa kwemasango mabhiriki angabatsira zvakare.