Iyo FDI Inobata Upenyu Hwako
Kutengeserana kune imwe nyika kune imwe nyika ndeye apo munhu kana bhizinesi ane 10% kana kuti imwe yekambani yekunze. Kana mutengesi ane zvishoma kudarika 10 kubva muzana, International International Monetary Fund inorondedzera iyo sechikamu chemari yake yekushambadzira.
A 10 muzana wehutori hahupi kupa mubhadhati chido chekutarisira. Inobvumira simba pamusoro pehutungamiri hwekambani, maitiro, uye mitemo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hurumende dzinoona uyo anopa mari mumabhizimisi avo.
Muna 2016, nyika yose yeDDI yaiva $ 1.75 trillion, maererano neUnited Nations . Yakanga yawa 2 muzana kubvira muna 2015 rekodi ye $ 1.76 trillion.
Kukosha kweDDI
Kutengeserana kwenyika kune imwe nyika kunokosha pakukudziridza uye kubuda kwenyika misika . Makambani avo anoda ruzivo rwemari yevanhu vazhinji uye ruzivo rwekuwedzera michina yavo yekutengesa. Nyika dzavo dzinoda rubatsiro rwevamwe muzvivakoti, simba, uye mvura kuwedzera mabasa nemari. Mushumo weUnited States wakanyevera kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwaizovarova ivo vakaoma.
Muna 2016, nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakagamuchira makumi matatu nezviviri zvezana rose reDDI. Vakanga vane 43 kubva muzana muna 2015. Kudengenyeka kwaive kwakakonzerwa nekukura kwekukura munyika yakabudirira. Imari yeUnited States ikangowedzera 1.5 kubva muzana, ichienzanisa ne2,9 muzana muna 2015. UN inofanotaura kuti hupfumi huri kubudirira muna 2017 huchawedzera nyika yeDDI kusvika madhora 1.8 triliyoni.
Izvo zvakagadziriswa zvekuwanda, zvakadai seEuropean Union neUnited States, dzinodawo FDI.
Makambani avo anoita izvi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Zvose zvekutsvaga kwenyika idzi ndezvekubatana pamwe nekuwana pakati pekambani dzakakura. Izvi zvikwereti zvemakambani epasi rose zvaive zvekugadzirisa kana kugadzirisazve pamabhizimusi edzimhosva.
Kubatsirwa
Kutengeserana kwenyika kune dzimwe nyika kunobatsira hupfumi hwepasi rose, pamwe nevashambadzi uye vanogamuchira.
Guta rinoenda kune mabhizinesi rine maitiro akanaka ekukura, chero kupi zvako munyika. Izvi ndezvokuti vatengesi vanotsvaka kudzoka kwakanakisisa nechinetso chisinganyanyi. Ichi chinangwa chekubatsira chikafu-chiri bofu uye hachina basa nechitendero kana zvematongerwe enyika.
Izvo zvinopa mabhizimisi zvakanaka, pasinei nedzinza, ruvara kana chitendwa, kukwikwidzana kunobatsira . Inogadzirisa migumisiro yezvematongerwo enyika, kukanganisa, uye kurora. Somugumisiro, mari yakanakisisa inobhadhara mabhizimisi akakurumbira pasi rese. Nhumbi dzavo uye mabasa avo vanoenda kumusika nokukurumidza kudarika pasina kuvharirwa DHA.
Vashandi vemari mumwe nomumwe vanowana zvimwe zvikwereti zvekudzikisa ngozi. FDI inoparadzanisa zvigaro zvavo kunze kweimwe nyika, zvemhizha kana zvematongerwe enyika. Diversification nguva dzose inowedzera kudzoka pasina ngozi inowedzera.
Mabhizimusi anogamuchira anogamuchira "zvakanakisisa maitiro" kutungamira, kuverenga kana kutungamirirwa kwepamutemo kubva kuvarimi vavo. Vanogona kusanganisira teknolojia yemazuva ano, maitiro ekushanda, uye zvigadzirwa zvemari. Nokuita izvi, vanowedzera mararamiro evaranda vavo. Iko kunomutsa muitiro wekurarama kune vamwe vanhu vari munyika inogamuchirwa. FDI inokomborera makambani akakwirira mune chero nyika. Iyo inoderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende dzenharaunda pamusoro pavo.
Nyika dzinogamuchirwa dzinoona hupenyu hwavo hunokura. Sezvo kambani inogamuchirwa inobatsira kubva mukutsvaga, inogona kubhadhara mitero yakakwirira. Zvinosuruvarisa, dzimwe nyika dzinokanganisa ruzivo urwu kuburikidza nekupa mitero yekukurudzira kukwezva DHA.
Imwe mukana weDDI ndeyekuti inokonzera kusagadzikana kwakagadzirwa ne "mari inopisa." Ndiko apo vhiki shomanana vatengesi nevatengesi vemari vanogadzira kubhadhaza mari . Vanoisa mari yakawanda panguva imwe chete, vozotengesa mari yavo nokukurumidza.
Izvo zvinogona kugadzira chirongwa chekugadzira-chigadzirwa chinoparadza hupfumi uye chinopedza mitemo yezvematongerwo enyika. Kutengeserana kwenyika kune imwe nyika kunotora nguva yakareba kuti isimudze uye ine danho rinogara risingaperi mune imwe nyika.
Kukanganisika
Nyika haifaniri kubvumira vagari venyika kune dzimwe nyika makambani anokosha emaindasitiri. Izvozvo zvinogona kuderedza kufanana kunobatsira kwenyika, maererano nehupoti ye IMF.
Chechipiri, vatengesi vemamwe marudzi vanogona kutora bhizinesi rekukosha kwayo pasina kuwedzera chero. Vaizotengesa zvikamu zvisingabatsiri zvekambani kune vekwavo, vaduku vashoma varairima. Vanogona kushandisa mari yekambani kuti vawane mari yakaderera, zvikwereti zvomunharaunda. Pane kudzorerazve, vanokweretesa mari kumakambani evabereki .
Free Trade Agreements uye FDI
Zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi inzira yakasimba yekuti nyika dzikurudzire dzimwe FDI. Muenzaniso mukuru weizvi ndi NAFTA , chibvumirano chikuru chekutengeserana kwepasi . Yakawedzera FDI pakati peUnited States, Canada , uye Mexico kune $ 452 mabhiriyoni muna 2012. Icho chaingova chimwe chezvakanaka zve NAFTA .
Foreign Direct Investment Statistics
Masangano mana anochengeta nhamba dzeDDI.
- Musangano weUnited Nations on Trade and Development unoparidza Global Investment Trends Monitor. Inopfupikisa maitiro eDDI munyika yose. Semuenzaniso, UNCTAD yakashuma kuti FDI yakagadzira rekodi muna 2012 ye $ 1.5 triliyoni. Yakapfuura iyo nhoroondo muna 2015.
- Sangano re Economic Economic Development and Development rinobudisa nhamba yeDIYI yegore rimwe nerimwe kune dzimwe nhengo dzaro. Iyo inoshuma pamativi ose maviri uye kunze. Izvo chete nhamba dzisingabatanidzi ndezvaya pakati pematengesi anobuda ivo pachavo.
- IMF yakabudisa nyika yekutanga yeNyika Yose Survey yezveZimbabwe Direct Investment Positions muna 2010. Kuongororwa kwegore negore kunowanikwa seinternet database. Inobatanidza nzvimbo dzekutsvaga mari kune dzimwe nyika 72. IMF yakagamuchira rubatsiro kubva kuEuropean Central Bank, Eurostat, OECD, uye UNCTAD.
- Bhizinesi re Economic Economic analysis rinoshuma pamabasa eDDI evatorwa vekune dzimwe nyika vekambani dzeUnited States. Inopa data yezvemari uye inoshanda yevaya vanobatana navo. Inoti makambani eUnited States akawanikwa kana kuumbwa nevatorwa. Inotsanangurawo kuti makambani akawanda eUnited States akadyara kune dzimwe nyika.
(Zvinyorwa: "Tsanangudzo dzeKutengeswa Kwekune Dzimwe Nyika Yakananga: A Methodological Note," Banco de Espana, Chikunguru 31, 2003.)