Nzira Dhatu IMF Inodzivirira Global Economy
IMF Structure
Mukuru we IMF ave ari Mutungamiri weChristine Lagarde kubva munaJuni 28, 2011. Iye ndiye Sachigaro weBuriti reMutungamiri 24. Yakamugadza kune rimwe rechipiri rinogona kushandiswa kwemakore mashanu mugore raFebruary 2016, richisvika musi waJuly 5, 2016. Mutungamiri mukuru ndiye mukuru wevashandi veMMF vanosvika 2 700 kubva kunyika 147. Anotarisira vatungamiri vana vatungamiri vekutungamirira.
Sangano reMF Governance Rokutanga rinotanga neImF Governing Board iyo inotungamirira mazano nemitemo. Nhengo dzayo ndevashandi vezvemari kana vatungamiriri vebhandi vemarudzi enyika. Vanosangana gore roga roga pamwe chete neWorld Bank . Dhipatimendi reMitemo yeMari neRezvemari rinosangana kaviri pagore. Aya makomiti anongororai nyika yepasi rose mari uye anoita mazano.
Zvinangwa
Survey Zviitiko Zvose: Iyo IMF ine simba risingawanzokwanisi kutarisa uye kuongorora hupfumi hwenyika dzayo dzose.
Somugumisiro, ine munwe waro pamusana pekutengesa kwehupfumi hwepasi pose pane imwe sangano rimwe nerimwe.
IMF inobereka hupfumi hwekuongorora mhinduro. Inopa World Economic Outlook, Global Financial Stability Report, uye Fiscal Monitor gore negore. Icho chinotarisawo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nedzimwe nyika.
Inoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuti ruone kuti nyika dzipi dzinoda kuvandudza marongerwo avo. Nokudaro, IMF inogona kuziva kuti ndeipi nyika inotyisidzira kugadzikana kwenyika yose. Nhengo dzenhengo dzakabvumirana kuti dzinzwe mazano aMMF nokuti vanoda kuvandudza mararamiro avo uye kubvisa zvingangoita.
Inokurudzira Nhengo dzeMarudzi: Kubva mudambudziko weMexico peso we 1994-95 neAsia mhirizhonga ya 1997-98, IMF yakatora basa rinobatsira kubatsira nyika kudzivirira matambudziko emari. Inoita mitemo iyo nhengo dzayo dzinofanira kutevera.
Semuenzaniso, nhengo dzinobvumirana kupa zvikwereti zvakakwana zvekutsinhanisa kune dzimwe nyika munguva dzakanaka. Izvi zvinovabatsira kuti vawedzere kushandisa mari yekusimudzira mari yavo panguva yekudzoka . I IMF inoshuma pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwenyika kumarudzi aya. Inotaurirawo nhengo dzemunyika nyika mishumo inoshandiswa nevarimi kuti vaite zvisarudzo zvakanaka. Izvo zvinovandudza kushanda kwemisika yemari . Iyo IMF inokurudzira kukura kwakasimba uye hupenyu hwepamusoro, iyo ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza nhengo dzekutambura kumatambudziko.
Kupa rubatsiro rwezvekambani uye mitsva yenguva pfupi: IMF inopa zvikwereti kuti zvibatsire nhengo dzayo kugadzirisa matanho ekubhadhara zvinetso, kusimbisa mararamiro avo, nekudzorera kukura kwakasimba.
Nemhaka yokuti Chikwama ichibhadhara mari, inowanzovhiringidzika neBan World . Bhidhiyo yeNyika inokweretesa mari kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira kumaprojekiti chaiwo acharwisa urombo. Kusiyana neBan World uye mamwe masangano ekufambisa, IMF haibatsiri mishonga.
Mutsika, vakawanda veMM chikwereti vaiva nyika dzichiri kusimukira . Vakanga vasina ruzivo rwakakwana rwemakwenzi makuru emarudzi akawanda nekuda kwedambudziko ravo rezvemari. Imwe chikwereti cheMMF chinoti mitemo yenyika yezvemari iri munzira yakarurama. Izvo zvinosimbisa vashandi uye vanoita sechirwere chekukwezva mari kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Zvose zvakashandurwa muna 2010 apo dambudziko reEurozone rakaita kuti IMF ipe zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi kubhadhara Greece . Icho chakanga chiri mukati memutemo we IMF nokuti wakadzivisa dambudziko rezvepasi rose rezvemari.
Nhengo
Panzvimbo pekunyora mazita evanhu 189, zviri nyore kutarisa nyika dzisiri nhengo.
Iyi nyika minomwe (kunze kwenyika 196) iyo isiri nhengo dzeMFC kuCuba, East Timor, North Korea, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Taiwan, uye Vatican City. IMF ine nhengo 11 dzisiri nyika dzinotonga: Anguilla, Aruba, Barbados, Cabo Verde, Curacao, Hong Kong, Macao, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Saint Maarten, uye Timor-Leste.
Nhengo hadzina kuwana mavhoti akaenzana. Pane kudaro, vane mavhoti ekuvhota anobva pachikamu. Nhamba yacho inobva paukuru hwehupfumi hwavo. Kana vachibhadhara chikamu chavo, vanogamuchira zvakaenzana pakugovera zvikamu. Nhengo Quotas uye Kubhadharana Zvokugoverwa zvakavandudzwa muna 2010.
Basa
Basa reMMF rakawedzera kubvira kutanga kwegore rose rezvemari rezvemari . Ichokwadi, iyo IMF yakarongedza ripoti yakanyevera pamusoro pematambudziko ezvematongerwe enyika asi haina kufuratirwa. Somugumisiro, IMF yakadanwa pamusoro pekuwedzera kupa hupfumi hwepasi pose. Zviri munzvimbo yakanakisisa yekuita izvi nokuti inoda kuti nhengo dzitungamirire mazano ehupfumi kuImF kuongororwa. Nhengo dzenhengo dzakazvipirawo kutevera mitemo inobatsira kutengesa mutengo, uye vanobvumirana kuti vasapinda kutengesa mitengo yekusaruramisira kusakarurama.
Nhoroondo
Muna 2011, IMF yakazununguswa nechisimba chepabonde chinosanganisira Mutungamiriri wayo Mukuru, Dominique Strauss-Kahn. Mapurisa akamusunga pamhosva dzaakarova musikana muhotera. Kunyange zvazvo mhaka dzacho dzakapedzisira dzakadonhedzwa, akarega.
Vazhinji vanobuda mumakambani emakambani vaitaura kuti yakanga yava nguva yokuti Mutungamiri anobva kune imwe yenyika dzavo. Izvozvo zvinoratidza kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwezve nyika. Vaitsvaga vatsva vakawanda vakakurudzira kusanganisira svondo reSingapore vezvemari Tharman Shanmugaratnam, aimbova mutungamiri wehurumende yeTurkey Kemal Dervis, uyewo muIndia Montek Singh Ahluwalia, aimbova mutungamiriri we IMF. Pane kudaro, France yakatsiva Strauss-Kahn naLagarde, Gurukota reMari rakarumbidzwa zvikuru munyika.
IMF yakaumbwa musangano weBretton Woods muna 1944 . Yakatsvaka kuvakazve Europe shure kweHondo Yenyika II. Iyi Musangano yakagadzirisawo mutemo wegoridhe wakashandurwa kubatsira nyika kuchengetedza kukosha kwemari yavo. Vaya varonga vaida kudzivisa zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana uye mari yepamusoro-inobatsira iyo yakabatsira kukonzera Kukunda Kukuru .