Iyo Inobata Kwose Kwose Kwaunotenga
West Texas Pakati pemafuta asina kuwanda yakawanda kwazvo ndeyepamusoro-soro nokuti inorema uye ine sulfuri yakagadzikana. Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi, inowanzozonzi "chiedza, chinotapira" mafuta asina mafuta.
Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakugadzira mafuta. Ndicho chikonzero ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha chemafuta asina kuchena muAmerica.
Brent Blend inobatanidza mafuta asina mafuta kubva kuminda 15 yemafuta muNorth Sea. Icho chiduku "chiedza" uye "chinotapira" kupfuura WTI asi ichiri nani pakugadzira petoro. Yakanatswa muNorth West- Europe uye ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kwemafuta asina kuwanda muEurope kana Africa. Tsvaga zvakawanda pamusoro pemusiyano pakati peWTI neBrent Blend .
Shale mafuta ndiyo mafuta asina kuchena anorara pakati pematombo edombo re shale. Dombo rinofanira kuputswa kuti ribvumirane nekusvika kune zvidimbu zvemafuta. Technology itsva yakabvumira mafuta aya kuuya kumusika mutengo wokukwikwidza. Somugumisiro, mutengo wemafuta wakaderera. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona US Shale Oil Boom uye Bust .
Mafuta shale ndiyo mafuta anobva pamagerojeni. Iyo ndiyo mafungu ekutanga eiri inoda kuwedzera kukumanikidza uye kupisa kuti zvishandise mafuta.
Mafuta Mafuta
Mafuta emafuta asinganzwisisi anoyera mutengo wepakati yemiti yakasiyana-siyana yemafuta, yakawanda kwazvo iyo inogona kuva West Texas Intermediate kana Brent Blend.
Mutengo webhasiki weChechi yePetroleum Exporting Countries uye iyo yemberi yemangwana yeNew York Mercantile Exchange dzimwe nguva inotaurwa.
WTI yakave yakatengeswa pa $ 4 pamabhadharo ebhare kuBrent. MunaDisemba 2015, mutsauko iwoyo wekutengesa wakawira ku $ 2 pamubhairi. Sangano reUnited States rakabvisa kubvumidzwa kwekutengeswa kwemafuta.
Yakapindura kune zvaidiwa kubva kuUnited States shale oil producers. Semuenzaniso, matengo emamwe mafuta asina kuchena mumakondinendi aya maviri anowanzotengwa semusiyano weBrent, kureva, Brent kudarika $ 0.50.
Ikopu yeOpEC yebhasikiti inokera yematengo emafuta anobva kuAlgeria, Indonesia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Dubai , Venezuela neMexico . OPEC inoshandisa mutengo webhasiki iyi kutarisa nyika yose yemakethe mamiriro ezvinhu. OPEC mitengo yakaderera nokuti mafuta kubva kune dzimwe nyika ane sulfur yakagadzikana. Izvozvo zvinoita kuti zvive "zvinotapira" uye zvisingabatsiri pakuita mafuta.
Iko inonzi NYMEX yeramende yemari yemafuta asina kukodzera inoratidzwa munenge pepanhau guru reUnited States. Iko kukosha kwezviuru zvuru zvemafuta pane imwe nguva inobvumirana-nenguva mune ramangwana. Mafuta anowanzoita WTI. Nenzira iyi, iyo NYMEX inopa mazano ekuti vatengesi vemafuta vanofunga kuti mutengo weWTI mutengo uchava mune ramangwana. Asi mutengo weramangwana unotevera hutengo hwenyika hwakanaka kwazvo kubva kune vatengesi veirima vasingakwanisi kuziva nezvekuvhiringidzika kamwe kamwe kune mafuta, nezvimwewo.
Mhedzisiro Pamari Newe
Mafuta emafuta asingasviki akakwirira anokanganisa zvakakwana mari ye petrol, imba yekuchenesa mafuta , kushandiswa uye magetsi magetsi. Ngani? Maererano neUnited Energy Information Administration , mafuta inodiwa ne 96 muzana yekutakura, 43 muzana yezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi, 21 muzana yekugara uye yekutengeserana uye 3 chete yezana yemagetsi emagetsi.
Asi kana mitengo yemafuta ichikwira, ndizvo zvakaitawo mutengo wegasi yemafasheni iyo inoshandiswa kupisa 14 muzana yemagetsi emagetsi, 73 muzana yekugara uye yekutengeserana uye 39 muzana yezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi. (Kubva: "US Primary Energy Consumption neChina uye Muchengetedzo," EIA, 2004.)
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mitengo yepamusoro yemafuta inowedzera mari yezvose zvaunotenga, kunyanya zvokudya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mari zhinji yezvokudya inoenderana nekufambisa. Mafuta emafuta akakwirira achapedzisira achiwedzera kuwedzera .
Mafuta emafuta asina kuwandisa anonyanya kukukanganisa iwe mumatunhu akakwirira epiori uye nematengo ekuwedzera ekupisa mafuta. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune avo vanogara kumadokero kweUnited States. Mafuta asina mafuta anokwana 55 muzana yemutengo we petrol. Kupararira uye mitero zvinokanganisa makumi mana makumi mashanu.
Trends
Mafuta emafuta anomuka muzhizha.
Izvi zvinotungamirirwa nekudiwa kukuru kwegesi panguva yekufambisa kwezororo. Iyo inobva ichidonha munguva yechando kana ikaitika isingaiti yakanyanyisa. Izvi ndezvokuti pane zvakaderera-kupfuura-zvakatarwa zvinodikanwa zvekuchenesa kumba kwemafuta.
Kusvikira 2015, mutengo wemafuta unoratidzika uchikwira mberi uye mberi kwegore rimwe nerimwe. Muna 2013, mutengo wakatanga kuwedzera munaJanuary, kusvika pakakwirira ye $ 118.90 muna February. Muna 2012, mutengo wamafuta wakatanga kuwedzera muna February. Mutengo webhari yeWTI yakawanda yakaputsa pamusoro pe $ 100 mubharani February 13, 2012. Muna 2011, mutengo hauna kuputsa $ 100 mubhazi kusvika musi waMarch 2 uye hauna kukwira kusvika muna May pamadhora 113.
Nenzira yakanaka, hapana chimwe chezvikwiriso izvi chakanga chakakwirira seyaJune 2008 nguva yose yakakwirira. Izvi zvakaitika apo mutengo weWTI mafuta asina kuchena wakagamuchira $ 143.68 pamubhairi. Vashandi vaitya kuti hupfumi hweChina huchawedzera hurumende huchaita kuti hurumende iwedzere kubhadhara, kuendesa zvigaro. Asi vaongorori vakawanda zvino vanoziva kuti kuwedzera kwechimbichimbi kwemafuta emafuta kwakange kuripo nekuwedzera kwekutsvaga mari nehedge fund uye ramangwana vatengesi. Pakazosvika December, yakaderera kusvika pakaderera $ 43.70 pamubhairi.
Iko yeUnited States yekutengesa mutengo wepetrol nguva dzose zvakare yakakunda peji munaJuly 2008 pa $ 4.17. Izvi zvakasimuka zvakakwirira se $ 5 negoroni mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Pakazosvika December, yakange yasvika ku $ 1.87 negoroni. (Kubva: "EIA Oil Price Trends," EIA.)
Kuti uone mavhareji, madhigirii epamusoro uye ari pasi, uye zviitiko zvinoenderana kubva muna 1974, ona Oil Price History . Kana iwe unogona kudikanwa neChirangaridzo cheCriff Oil Oil Prices .