Iviri Inonyanya Kufarirwa Mazana Emafuta Akasviba
Kana iri kuuya kumafuta chaiwo, pane mavhesi akasiyana-siyana Mazita anozivikanwa zvikuru ekutengeserana ari Brent North Sea Crude (inowanzozivikanwa seBrent Crude) uye West Texas Intermediate (inozivikanwa seWTI).
Brent inoreva mafuta anobudiswa muminda yeBrent mafuta uye dzimwe nzvimbo muNorth Sea. Mafuta ayo emafuta ndiyo chiratidzo cheAfrica, Europe, uye Middle Eastern chisina kumira. Nzira yekutengesa yeBrent inotarisa kukosha kweanenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvekugadzirwa kwemafuta kwepasi. Brent ndizvo izvo zviri mumabhizimisi zvinoreva se "sweet" zvisina kufanira. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti ine sulfur yomuzasi pasi pe5 muzana. Bhati sulfurti yeBen is 0,37%. Icho chiri pasi pasi sulfurimi zviri nyore uye zvisingabhadhari ndezvekunatsiridza mumiti yakasiyana-siyana yakafanana neoli .
Brent uye WTI Uses uye Makambani Okutengesa
WTI, imwe iyo yakawanda inotengeswa mafuta asingadiwi, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kuNorth America. WTI chaizvoizvo inotapira kupfuura Brent Crude uye ine sulfur yakagadzikana inenge inenge 0,2%. WTI ikirasi iri nani remafuta asina kukwana ekugadzirwa kwemhepo apo Brent mafuta inobatsira kugadzirwa kwemafuta ane dizeli. Iyo NYMEX (New York Mercantile Exchange) chikamu cheCME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) inonyora munguva yemberi mikate yeWTI mafuta asina kuchena.
Kutengeswa kweWTI yemazuva emangwana anoitika muCushing, Oklahoma. Brent mafuta asina kushandiswa mune ramangwana mune zvekutengeserana paIntercontinental Exchange (ICE). Nyika dzeAsia dzinowanzoshandisa musanganiswa weBrent uye WTI mararamiro emitengo yekukoshesa mafuta avo asina mafuta.
Mafuta Mafuta Mafuta
Mafuta asina mafuta anodhura madhora 3 kusvika ku $ 4 pamubhadharo kutakura kubva kuEurope kuenda kuUnited States pane vane mashura.
Kune kusiyana kune zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza mafuta asina kuchena muEurope uye North America mahombekiti ekutengeserana. Mumushamba wezvakanaka, mutengo wemutengo pakati peBrent neWTI inosungirira kune $ 2.50 kusvika $ 4.00 premium yeWTI neBrent. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuzasi sulfurti yeWTI. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva apo izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopa mubayiro weBrent. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika.
Mamiriro ezvinhu enyika anoita sei Mafuta Akawanda Mafuta
Kuti unzwisise kuti zviitiko zvenyika zvinogona sei kukonzera kupararira pakati peBrent neWTI kuti iende zvinoshamisa kwenguva yakareba zvakanakisisa kudzoka munguva. Pakutanga kwa2011, Brent-WTI yakapararira yakanga yava pedyo. Kupararira kwakawedzerwa mugore ra2011 neBrent kushambadzira kwekutanga kune WTI. Pakazosvika nguva iyo muArab Spring yakatanga kuitika muEgypt munaFebruary 2011, kupararira kwakawedzerwa. Kutya kwekuvharwa kweSuez Canal uye kushayikwa kwekuwanikwa kwakakonzera Brent mafuta asina mafuta kuti ave anodhura kupfuura WTI. Sezvo kushamwaridzana kwakaderedzwa saka kupararira kwakaitwa. Zvadaro pakupera kwegore ra2011, hurumende yeIranian yakatyisidzira kupfigira Straits of Hormuz umo 20 muzana yemafuta epasi pose inoyerera zuva nezuva. Kamwe zvakare, kupararira kwakawedzera nguva ino neBrent kushambadzira kudarika $ 25 premium pamubhairi kuenda kuWTI.
Unhu neNzvimbo Zvinokanganisa Mitengo
Brent uye WTI zvisina maturo vane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (kureva, WTI ine zvinyorwa zviduku zvesulfure). Nokudaro, mutsauko wemutengo unhu hwakapararira. Uyezve, makorudhi maviri ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi, Brent muEurope uye WTI muNorth America. Nokudaro, Brent anonyoresa WTI zvakare nzvimbo inoparadzirwa.
Mutengo wezita remafuta asina kuchena ndiyo chimwe chinhu chinobatanidzwa pakunzwisisa mutengo wemafuta usina kukodzera. Kupararira pakati peBrent neWTI muenzaniso wakakwana wekuti hutano uye nzvimbo inopararira zvakakanganisa sei chimiro uye yekupedzisira kwemafuta asina mafuta pasi rose.
Mutengo Wekuparadzana Kubva Mumatambudziko Ekunze
Ikoko kunogona kunge kuchinja kwemasimusi mune zviitiko zvenyika zvinoshandura kuchinja kwezvinhu zvakadai sekutanga kweBrent kudonha (izvo zvawakaita muna 2015). Iko kuwedzera kwepamukira kwakaitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvikuru.
Chokutanga, chibvumirano chekuti Iran ichawedzera huwandu hweHurani husina kuchena runopinda mumusika zuva rega rega. Kubvira Brent ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekutengesa kweIrish, izvi zvinoderedza mutengo weBrent maererano neWTI. Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti kuU.R rig rigwaro rwakadonha panguva iyoyo. Uye, nekunowedzera rubatsiro rwekutengesa kunze kwekuAmerica kune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvinoreva kudonhera kuduku mune ramangwana uye kushandiswa kuduku kweUnited States zuva rega rega. Nokudaro, Brent inofambisa pasi nekuda kwehuwandu hweIrish uye WTI inosimbisa nekuda kwekushanda kweUnited States nekuwedzera kwekutengeserana. Uhu hukama humwe hwezvinhu zvakakosha pakunzwisisa zvisizvo zvekambani yenyika yakawanda isina mafuta.