Zvinowanzotora mavhiki masere kuti mutengo wemafuta uchinje kushanda nenzira yavo kuburikidza nekuparadzirwa kwenyika kusvika pamapepa emhepo. Mafuta emafuta anowedzera zvishoma kudarika mafuta emari. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti mafuta emafuta angasimuka achikwira, uye achiwa zvakanyanya, kudarika mafuta emari. Asi iwe unogona kushandisa nhamba dzemafuta kuti ufanotaura matengesi emagetsi emangwana nhasi .
Mienzaniso Yekuti Mafuta Mafuta Anobatsira Sei Maji eGesi
Mafuta nemafesi emagetsi zvave zvisinganyanyi kuoma kubvira muna 2008 matambudziko emari . Hezvino kutarisa pamatunhu avo nemipata, uye chii chakaita kuti mutengo uwedzere.
2008 - Mafuta akatengesa kusvika nguva yose yakakwirira ye $ 143.68 / mbiya musi waJuly 8. Iko kutumira mitengo yegesi kusvika $ 4.16 / gallon. Pamberi pegore ra2008, mutengo wakaramba uri pasi pe $ 90 nemurangi .
2009 - Gari mutengo wakawira pasi, zvichidonhera ku $ 1.67 / gallon musi waDecember 29. Mafuta akawira $ 39.41 / murongo musi waFebruary 18 sevatengesi vakadzingwa kubva kune ipi zvayo yekutsvaga kunze kweUnited -safe US Treasurys .
2010 - Mafuta emafuta akagara mukati me $ 70- $ 80 / barrel kusvikira munaDecember 3, apo vakavhara $ 90 / barrel.
Gasi mutengo yakatevera mushure mekugara, iri pasi pe $ 3.00 / gallon kusvikira December 6.
2011 - Mutengo wemafuta hauna kusvika pakusviba kwegore ra $ 126.64 / mbiya kusvika musi waMeyi 2. Zvisingaoneki, mutengo wegesi wakaiswa panguva imwe chete, uchirova $ 4.01 / gallon. Gesi mitengo yakagara yakadarika $ 3.50 / gallon yose yezhizha nekuda kwekutya nezvekugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa kubva kuRwizi rweMisissippi mafashamo .
2012 - Iran yakatyisidzira kuvhara Strait yeHormuz, iyo inoyerera 20 muzana yemafuta epasi. Mafuta eOiri akasimuka kusvika pakakwirira kwe $ 128.14 / mbiya musi waMarch 13. Gasi rakazara musi waApril 9 pa $ 3.997 / gallon. Vose vakadzokera kune zvakajairika kusvika munaAugust. Vashandi vemabhizimisi vakatanga kutengesa mitengo yemafuta kusvika $ 117.48 musi waSeptember 14. Vakanga vachikomba neHerald Reserve yeQE3 purogiramu, iyo yaifunga kuti ichaderedza kukosha kwedhora. Izvozvo zvinomanikidzira mafuta (iyo inotengwa mumadhora) yakakwirira. Zvadaro Hurricane Isaac yakavhara zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa, kutumira mitengo yegesi kusvika $ 3.939 neSeptember 17. Mutengo weGesi wakasvika ku $ 4.50 neguroni muCalifornia, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekupararira kwemukati.
2013 - Oiri yakasimuka nokukurumidza kusvika $ 118.90 / mbiya musi waFebruary 8, kutumira mitengo yegesi kusvika $ 3.85 neFebruary 25. Mitengo yakanga yatanga kusimuka kare kupfuura yakasikwa, nekuda kweIrussia mhirizhonga yehondo iri pedyo neStrarait of Hormuz.
2014 - Mitengo yakawira ku $ 62 / barrel pakupera kwegore. Gesi mitengo yakasvika ku $ 2.45 negoroni. Izvozvo ndezvokuti United States yakabudisa mafuta akawanda . Mukuwedzera, Sangano rePetroleum Exporting Countries harina kuderedza kugoverwa kwezvinyorwa.
2015 - Mutengo wakawira pasi pe $ 36 / murongo muna December. Izvozvo zvinoderedza gasi mitengo inodarika $ 2.00 negoroni.
2016 - Mutengo wakaramba uchingopera munaJanuary, kusvika pa $ 26 / mbiya pakuguma kwemwedzi. Gesi mitengo yakasvika ku $ 1.83 / gallon musi waFebruary 15. Apo OPEC yakashambadzira kubudiswa kwemaitiro munaNovember, mutengo wemafuta wakasimudza pamusoro pe $ 54 / murongo muna December. Gesi mitengo yakasimuka kusvika $ 2.42 / gallon.
2017 - Mitengo yemafuta uye gasi ichasimuka maererano nehuwandu hweEIA husinganzwisisiki hwehuwandu hwemafuta . (Chinyorwa: "Nhoroondo yeBrent Crude Oil Mitengo," "Nhoroondo dzeAmerica DzekuAmerica," Energy Information Administration.)
Kuti uverenge zvakawanda nezveWest Texas Pakati pemafuta emafuta kubvira muna 1974, enda kuOri Price Price .
Zvinokonzera
Kufanana nezvose zvezvinhu zvaunotenga, mitengo yemafuta inobatwa nekutengeswa uye kudiwa . Zvimwe zvinoda, kufanana nekutengesa kwezhizha gore, zvinogadzira mitengo yakakwirira. Pane zvishoma zvinodiwa munguva yechando sezvo kubva chete kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States kunoshandisa kupisa mafuta .
Asi iyo imwe chete yezvinhu zvinotara mitengo yemafuta .
Asi, mutengo wemafuta unobatwawo nehutengo hwemafuta emangwana , izvo zvinotengeswa pamari yekutengesa zvinhu . Aya matengo anochinja zuva rega rega, zvichienderana nezvinowanikwa nevarimi kuti mutengo wamafuta uchaenderera mberi. Zvitengesi zvevatengesi chinhu chikuru mukugadzira mitengo yemafuta yakakwirira kudaro .
Impact
OPEC isangano renyika gumi nemaviri inobereka mafuta inogadzira 46 muzana yemafuta epasi. Muna 1960, nyika idzi dzakaumba hukama kuti dzigadzirise kupiwa uye mutengo wamafuta. Vakaziva kuti vaine zvidzidzo zvisiri izvo zvakare. Kana vakakwikwidzana nemumwe, mutengo wemafuta waizova wakadzika zvokuti vaizopedza nokukurumidza kupfuura kana mutengo wemafuta waiva wakakwirira.
Muna 1973 OPEC mafuta embargo ndiyo yokutanga OPEC yakashandura mafungiro ayo. Yakagura mafuta kuUnited States uye inopedza kupa. Mitengo yakasimuka, simba rinoshanduka kubva kune vashandi vemafuta eMUS. Chinangwa cheOPEC ndechekuchengetedza mutengo wemafuta kunenge inenge $ 70 pamubhairi. Mutengo wakakwirira unopa dzimwe nyika zvinokurudzira kusvitsa masango matsva ayo anodhura zvikuru kuzarura kana mitengo iri pasi.
IUnited States inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana manomwe emigoro yemafuta muStategic Petroleum Reserves . Hurumende yehurumende inoshandisa iyo kuwedzera kuwedzerwa kana zvichidiwa, zvakadai seChitutu Chitrina . Inoshandiswawo kuvhara mukana wekutyisidzira kwezvematongerwe enyika kubva kunyika dzinobudisa mafuta.
IUnited States inopinzawo mafuta kubva kune nhengo isiri yaOOPEC nhengo yeMexico . Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvishoma zvichienderana neOOPEC mafuta. Sangano reNorth America Free Trade Agreement rinobvumirana nekutengeserana rusununguko rinochengetedza mutengo wemafuta kubva kuMexico pasi sezvo unoderedza mitengo yebhizimisi.
Chii Chinoita Kuda
IUnited States inoshandisa 21 muzana yemafuta epasi. Zvikamu zvitatu zveizvi ndezvekutakura. Nyika yakagadzira nzvimbo yakawanda yemigwagwa yemigwagwa inotungamirira kumafuro muma1950. Izvi zvakagadziriswa nekutarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwekukwira kwenyika yenyu, iyo yaiva yakanyanya kunetseka ipapo. Somugumisiro, America haisati yatanga zvigadzirisheni zvehurumende yenyika inotakura nzira.
IEuropean Union ndiyo inotevera yakashandiswa zvikuru, pa15 muzana yemafuta ekugadzirwa kwenyika. China ikozvino inoshandisa 11 muzana, sezvo kushandiswa kwayo kwakura nokukurumidza. (Ikoko: "Refined Petroleum Consumption," Central Intelligence Agency.)
Chimwe Chinobata Mafuta Pasi Pfupi
Mafuta ane ramangwana , kana ramangwana zvibvumirano , zvibvumirano zvekutenga kana kutengesa mafuta pane rimwe zuva mune ramangwana pane imwe mutengo. Vatengesi vari mumafuta munguva yemberi vanotengesa pamutengo wamafuta zvichienderana nezvavanofunga kuti mutengo wemangwana uchava. Vanotarisa kugovera kunofanirwa uye kudiwa kuti vaone mutengo. Kana vatengesi vachifunga kuti zvinoda kuwedzera zvichawedzera nokuti hupfumi hwenyika yose huri kukura, ivo vachabhadhara mutengo wamafuta. Izvi zvinogona kuumba mitengo yakawanda yemafuta kunyange kana pane zvakawanda zvekugovera. Izvozvo zvinonzi " assetsset bubble" . Izvi zvakaitika mumitengo yegoridhe mukati mezhizha ra2011. Zvakaitika mumusika wekutengesa muna 2007, uye mune dzimba muna 2006. Apo imba yebhola yakavhurika, yakatungamirira mumatambudziko emari muna 2008.