Icho Chirongwa Chepachivande Chokuita Bhi World One?
Ndiani Anopa Federal Reserve?
The Federal Reserve isangano rinomirira rakasimbiswa ne Federal Federal Act ra1913.
Congress yaida kuti Fed ive nemabhenji gumi nemaviri ekumiririra kumativi akasiyana-siyana eAmerica. Mutungamiri Wilson aida hurumende yakagadzwa nehurumende. Kubvumirana kwaireva kuti Fed yave ine zvose.
Mutungamiri uye Congress vanofanira kubvumidza nhengo dzose dze Federal Reserve Board of Governors . Asi, nhengo dzebato ravo nemaune hazvina kufanana neavo vakasarudzwa vakuru. Mutungamiri anogadza sachigaro weGeral Reserve , iye zvino Jerome Powell. Congress inofanira kubvumidza kusarudzwa kweMutungamiri. Sachigaro anofanira kuzivisa pamusoro pezviito zveFed kuCongress.
Congress inogona kuchinja mitemo inotungamirira Fed. Somuenzaniso, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act yakagadzirisa masimba eDhi. Zvinoda Hurumende yeGwaro reKubvumira kuti riongorore zvikwereti zvinokurumidza iyo Fed yakaitwa munguva yekutambudzika kwemari muna 2008 . Izvo zvaidawo kuti Fed iite pachena mazita emabhangi akagamuchira chero zvikwereti zvinokurumidza kana TARP mari.
Izvo zvaidawo kuti Fed iwane chibvumirano cheDhipatimendi reMariki musati waita zvikwereti zvinokurumidza, sezvakaitwa na Bear Bear uye AIG .
Zvimwe pane izvozvo, zvisarudzo zveFed hazvifaniri kutenderwa neMutungamiri wenyika, vatongi vezvematongerwo enyika, kana chero ani zvake akasarudzwa. Uyezve, Fed haina kugamuchira mari yayo kubva kuCongress.
Vane 12 mharaunda ye Federal Federal mabhangi inokonzerwa zvakafanana kumabhanga ega ega. Vanochengetedza mari, kuongorora kutarisa, uye kugadzira zvikwereti kumabhangi ari oga munharaunda yavo yavanotonga. Aya mabhengi ariwo nhengo dze Federal Reserve banking system. Sezvo vakadaro, vanofanira kuchengetedza zvigadziro zvekuchengetedza . Mukudzoka, vanogona kukweretesa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe purogiramu iripo kana zvichidiwa.
Kuti uve nhengo ye Federal Reserve system, mabhengi ezvokutengeserana anofanira kunge ane zvikamu zvezvikwata mumatunhu gumi nemaviri Federal Federal mabhandi nemutemo. Asi kuva neBurban bank bank hazvirevi kuva nekambani mune imwe kambani. Aya matengu haagoni kutengeswa. Izvi hazvipi kupa nhengo dzemabhengi kodzero dzekuvhota. Idzi dzinobhadhara zvikamu zvinorayirwa nemutemo kuva 6 muzana.
Mashandisirwo Akaitwa Fed
Iko Chekuita chinonyanya basa ndechokugadzirisa hurongwa hwemari yekudzora kutengesa . Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezvipfeko kwakafanana nekenza inoparadza chero zvipo zvekukura. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, dare rekutanga reDef rave riri yekugadzirisa kutengesa . Chishandiso chayo chakakosha ndechekudyidzwa mari . Munguva yezvinetso zvezvemari, yakatumira zvishandiso zvitsva zvekugadzirisa pasi rese bhengi . Kubva pakuderera , yakatsigirawo kuderedza kusarirwa kwemabasa uye kusimbisa hupfumi hwehupfumi.
IHedhi inoshanda kuburikidza nekushandisa zvayo mari yezvigadzirwa zvemari. Kuisa mutengo wekuderera kwepasi kunonzi chirongwa chekuwedzera kwemari , uye kunoita kuti hupfumi hukure nekukurumidza. Kana hupfumi huchikura nokukurumidza, hunokonzera kutengesa. Kurera chido chekudhara kunonzi kushandiswa kwemitemo yemari . Inononoka kuwedzera kwehupfumi kuburikidza nekuita zvikwereti uye mamwe maitiro echikwereti anodhura. Izvi zvinodzivirira mari inowanikwa . Sezvo kuda kunowira, mabhizimusi akaderera mutengo. Izvi zvinogadzira kukanganisa . Izvo zvinowedzera kuderera zvinoda nokuti vatengi vanonoka kutenga apo vachimirira kuti mitengo inowira mberi.
Ko Fed inoderedza chikwereti chezvibereko sei ? Inoderedza chinangwa chekudyidzana kwemari. Mabhanho kazhinji anotevera kutungamira kweFed, achichera Libor uye chikwereti chechibereko chekutanga . Nhepfenyuro inogona kushandisawo mamwe mashandisiro ayo, zvakadai sokuderedza kuderedzwa kwemari mabhanki anoshandisa kubhadhara mari zvakananga kubva kuWed's discount discount window .
Kuti varwise dambudziko rezvemari, Fed yakatanga kugadzira. Yakatenga zvikwereti zvakabhadhara- kubva kumashure kubva kumabhangi zvakananga senzira yekupinza mari mune zvemari. Yakatangawo kutenga Pfuma . Zvose zvakatengwa zvakatanga kuzivikanwa sehuwandu hwekutengesa .
Vatsoropodzi vainetseka kuti maDP emitemo aizoita kuti hyperinflation . Vakakakavadzana kuti Fed yaingova kudhinda mari . Asi mabhengi akanga asina kukweretesa, saka mari yekubatsira yakanga isiri kukura zvakaringana kukonzera kutengesa . Pane kudaro, vakachengetedza mari kuti vanyore pasi mhepo yakasimba yeimba inotangira. Mamiriro acho haana kuchinja kusvikira muna 2011. Panguva iyo, Fed yakanga yavhara kugadzirisa zvishoma.