AIG Kubhadhara: Mari, Nguva, Mabhesi, Zvikonzero, Migumisiro

by Kimberly Amadeo

Chikonzero nei Ikaita Bernanke Kutsamwa Kupfuura Chero Chinhu Chimwe Mukudarika

Mutungamiri wekare weGreek Reserve Ben Bernanke akataura kuti kubhadhara mari kweAmerican International Group kwakaita kuti atsamwire kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho muhupfumi. Bernanke akati AIG yakatora njodzi nemitemo isina kuchengetedzwa, sezvinonzi hedge fund , pairi kushandisa mari kubva kune inshuwarisi yevanhu. Asi, iye akati hurumende haina chakanosarudza kunze kwekuiridzira. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tisava nemhando imwechete yekudarika kwezvemari yakaitika apo Lehman Brothers vakapedzisira vapera muna September 2008. (Chinyorwa: "Bernanke Anoti Inishuwarenzi AIG Inoshandiswa Sezvakaitwa neHedge Fund," The New York Times, March 3, 2009.)

01 Chii Chakatadzisa Kubhadhara?

Sangano reinishuwarenzi rakashata rakachengeteka rakave sei iro rakawanda rekuchengetedza bhailout mugore ra2008 dambudziko rezvemari ? Kuti iwedzere mararamiro ayo, AIG akanga ava mutengesi mukuru wekwereti swaps . Aya swaps akachengetedza zvinhu izvo zvakatsigira chikwereti chekambani uye zvikwereti zvemari. Kana AIG yakanganisa, inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwevakawanda vezvikwata zvemari vakanga vatenga swaps idzi.

AIG yaiva yakakura kwazvo zvokuti kuparara kwayo kwaizokanganisa hupfumi hwepasi rose. Somuenzaniso, $ 3.6 trillion mari-yekutengesa mari yekushambadzira mari inotengeswa muAIG chikwereti uye chekuchengetedza . Yakawanda mari inobhadharwa neAIG stock . Nzvimbo dzezvemari dzakapoteredza pasi rose dzaivawo vatongi vakuru vechikwereti cheAIG.

AIG yakashandura pa subprime mortgages yakakonzera kambani inobhadhara kune imwe nzvimbo yebhanje. Sezvo zvikwereti zvisungo zvakasungirirwa kune zvimedu zvakashata, AIG yakamanikidzwa kukura mamiriyoni muhomwe . Sezvo vashandi vakawana mamiriro ezvinhu, vakatengesa zvikamu zvavo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanyanya kuoma kuAIG kuvhara swaps.

Kunyange zvazvo AIG yaive nezvinhu zvakakwana kudarika swaps, hazvigone kuvengesa vasati vasvika. Izvi zvakasiya iyo pasina mari kubhadhara inshuwarheni yakatsvaga. (Inobva: "US inotora AIR," The Wall Street Journal, musi waSeptember 17, 2008.)

02 2008: Mashoko eBailout

Musi waSeptember 16, 2008, Federal Reserve yakapa $ 85 mabhiriyoni, chikwereti chemakore maviri kuAIG kudzivirira kukanganisa kwayo uye kuwedzera kudzvinyirira kuhupfumi hwepasi rese.

Mukudzoka, Fed yakatora umuji we79.9 muzana wehutano hweAIG. Izvozvo zvakazvipa kodzero yekutora nzvimbo yekugadzirisa, iyo yakaita. Yaivawo nesimba rekuvhota pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvose zvinokosha, kusanganisira yekutengesa kwemafa uye kubhadhara zvikamu.

Kubhadharira kwakaitika zuva rimwe chete mushure mekunge Munyori weHurumende yeUnited States, Henry Paulson, achiti hapange kuve neWall Street bhailouts. Izvozvo zvinomanikidzwa kubhadhara mari yebhangi Lehman Brothers ku bankruptcy. Yakasvika vhiki imwe mushure mokunge hurumende yatora Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac . Yakanga iri mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekunge Fed yaibviswa ne Bear Bear. Gare gare vhiki iyoyo, Paulson naBernanke vakatamira kuCapitol kuti vakumbire mari ye $ 700 bhiriyoni kuti vanunure mamwe mabhengi.

Muna Gumiguru 2008, Fed yakashandira Edward Liddy seMukuru weChechi uye Chairman. Basa rake raive kuputsa AIG uye kutengesa zvikamu kuti vatsive chikwereti. Asi misika yepamusoro yakazara munaOctober, zvichiita izvozvo zvisingaiti. Vose vanogona kutenga mabhizimisi vaida chero mari yakawandisa yemari yavo yemashandisi. Munguva iyi, Liddy aifanira kusunungura akachengetedza mabhiriyoni mukwereti swaps. (Chinyorwa: "Hurumende Inopa Rakabatsiro Rakabhadhara kuAIG," Associated Press, Gunyana 11, 2008.)

Musi waNovember 8, 2008, Fed ye $ 85 mabhiriyoni kubhadhara kweinishuwarenzi giant AIG yakadzokororwa. Dhipatimendi reMariki inotenga madhora mabhiriyoni makumi mana emadhora muAIG yakagadzirirwa zvikamu kushandisa TARP mari. Dhaka yakatenga madhora 52,5 mabhiriyoni muzvitoro zvekutengesa-zvakatsigirwa . Mari yacho yakabvumira AIG kubvisa mari yechikwereti ichi swaps rationally, ichivharira kubhadhara uye inodzivirira hupfumi hwekutanga hurumende.

03 March 3, 2009: AIG Yakaratidza Kurasika Kwakawanda Kupamhidzirwa Munhoroondo

AIG yakarondedzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwekambani yezvekambani, nhoroondo ye $ 61.7 mabhiriyoni muna Q4 2008. Sekuguma kwekurasikirwa kwaAIG, Dow yakawira madosita mazana matatu ekuvhara pa 6 763.29. Iyo ndiyo yaiva yepedyo yakaderera kubva musi waApril 25, 1997 apo yakavharwa pa6 738.27. Yaivawo yakaderera kupfuura yepakutanga kwenyika, iyo yaiva 19197 musi waOctober 9, 2002. Dow yakakanda kupfuura 50 muzana kubva panguva yayo yose yakasvika 14 164, yakasvika musi waOctober 9, 2007.

Mukuwedzera kurasikirwa kweAIG, vatengesi vakaderedzwa kuti Mutungamiri Obama wekutsvaga kwezvemari yakanga isina kukwana. Citigroup yakakumbira chikamu chechitatu chekubatsira kwahurumende. Warren Buffet's Berkshire Hathaway yakatumira bhuku rakashata kupfuura mamwe ose munhoroondo yaro. (Chinobva: "Zvikwereti Drop Worldwide," Bloomberg, Kubvumbi 2, 2009.)

04 The Bonus Scandal

Mushure mokupa kurasikirwa uku uye kutora kubhadhara mari, AIG yakabhadhara $ 165 mamiriyoni mumabhonasi kune vatariri vayo. Vanhu vakatsamwirwa, uye vakatopira kutyisidzira kufa kuAIG CEO Edward Liddy.

Izvi hazvina kukodzera mabhonasi kuti apiwe mubairo wevatariri. Vaiva mabhonasi ekuchengetedza. Vashandi veAIG vakakumbirwa kugara uye kuchengeteka zvakakwana chikwereti swaps , iyo misika yakanga yanyangarika. Izvi zvinyorwa zvakanga zvakaoma zvokuti hakuna mumwe akazvinzwisisa. Vaivewo nguva yakareba.

Zvakatora chiyero chakafanana chekugadziriswa kuti chibude muhutano zvakachengeteka izvo zvaifanira kutora mairi. Kubvumira kuti swap idzi idzi zviparadzanise zvingadai zvakadhura hurumende yeUnited States kudarika $ 165 mamiriyoni.

Edward Liddy aisazodikanwa nemari yekukurudzira kushambadza. VaFed vakamupa mubhadharo wemari ye $ 1. Akanyatsogadzirisa hurongwa hwakaoma hwakadzivirira zvakachengetwa zvizhinji zvezvikwereti zvinokanganisa swaps.

Izvi zvakachengetedza unhu hwako mukambani semuteresi. Yakachengetedza chikwereti chako chekurega basa, sezvo mari zhinji pamwe chete nemari yemari yemari yakanga yaita mari muAIG swaps.

05 2012: US Treasury Yakatengeswa Pakupedzisira kweAig Stock, Kuita Mubairo

MunaDisemba 2012, Dhipatimendi reMariki yakatengesa chikamu chekupedzisira chezvikamu zvaro zveAIG. Pakazara, hurumende nevateresi vakagadzira $ 23 biliyoni mutengo kubva kuAIG bailout. Izvi zvinoreva kuti AIG yaive yakakosha zvikuru muna 2012 kupfuura yakange iri muna 2008. (Chinyorwa: "Ko Mari yeUnited States Inowanikwa Ipi Muhomwe Pamusoro peAIG Makomborero?" CNBC, December 11, 2012.)

06 2015: AIG Kuti Ubhadhara Almost $ 1 Billion Kuisa Shareholder Suit

AIG investors, vachitungamirirwa neHarare yeMichigan pensions, vakapomera kambani yevashandi vanotsausa pamusoro pokuti ingozi sei chikwereti chisina kushandiswa chakanga chiri icho chakabudiswa. AIG akabvumirana kubhadhara $ 970.5 mamiriyoni kune vashandi vatengi vakatenga zvikamu zveAIG pakati peMarch 16, 2006 neSeptember 16, 2008. Ichi chaiva chimwe chezvikwata zvakakura zvikuru zvekugadzirisa matambudziko kubva muna 2008 matambudziko emari. (Chinyorwa: "AIG Inobhadhara Inenge $ 1 Billion kuGadzirisa Chikoro-Chiito Chinofanira Kuitwa nevaShareholders," The New York Times, March 22, 2015.)

07 2017: Hurumende Inobvisa Chikamu Chayo cheAIG

Musi waSeptember 29, 2017, iyo Financial Stability Oversight Council yakasarudza kubvisa mazita aAIG zvakanyanya kukura. Dare rakasikwa neDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act kuronga makambani ezvemari anogona kukanganisa mhizha yose.

Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti AIG yakave yakatsunga kushanda nevatongi kuti vaderedze ngozi. Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti kambani yakaderera kusvika hafu yehukuru hwayo mumakore gumi apfuura. Chikonzero chechitatu ndechekuti AIG yakadzokera kune yaro yemainishuwasi midzi. Ndiyo imwe yenyika inotengesa zvikuru yepfuma-kuurawa kwehutano. Inotengesawo inshuwarisi yehupenyu, annuities uye kumba uye motokari yveshuwarisi.

Ichisarudzo chichaderedza kushanda kweAIG yekushandisa. Hazvizofanirwi kutevera nemitemo yakawanda. (Kubva: "US Rescinds Federal Federal Monitor of AIG," The Wall Street Journal, September 29, 2017.)

08 Chii chinonzi AIG Insurance Company?

AIG ndeimwe yevayiti vezvekambani vepasi pose. Yakawanda yebhizimusi rayo upenyu hwehupenyu, motokari, imba, bhizinesi uye inhamba yveshuwarenzi, pamwe chete nemishonga yekurega basa seyakagadzirirwa uye yakasiyana-siyana annuities.

Yakapinda mumatambudziko apo yaifambisa kupfuura bhizinesi bhizinesi bhizinishuwarenzi. IWedding Services inowanikwawo mumakwikwi uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi, misika huru, mari yevatengi uye mari yehupfumi yemari yehupfumi. IA Asset Management mabasa anopa zvipatara uye zvekutengesa zvinhu zvekutengeserana, vatengesi-vatengesi vemari uye masangano ekutsvaga kushandiswa kwekutsvaga.

Somugumisiro wehutambudziro, mushandi weAIG akawira kubva 116 000 muna 2008 kusvika kune 56 400 muna 2016. Icho kuderedza mari uye kutengesa zvinhu kuti zvive nyore uye zvive zvinobatsira zvakare. (Kubva: "AIG Headcount Falls ne10 000 muNye Gore," Bloomberg, February 24, 2017.)