Yaiva Iko Guru Here?
Dhipatimendi reMariki yezvivigiro yakaisa mari $ 80.7 mabhiriyoni kubva ku $ 700 mabhiriyoni akagoneswa neEmergency Economic Stabilization Act . Yakadzorera zvose asi $ 10.2 mabhiriyoni. Izvo zvose zvikwereta mari uye vakatenga pfuma yavo mu GM uye Chrysler. Izvo zvakapawo zvigaro zvekusimudzira kutsvaga kwemotokari itsva. Zvechokwadi, hurumende yakaronga GM uye Chrysler sezvaiita Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac , uye American International Group .
Pano ndiyo Hurongwa hweHumambo hweHumambo hweHumari hunoshandiswa mari yekudzivirira. Inoratidza izvo hurumende inotengesa. Iyo inoratidza izvo zvaitengesa zvikamu zvayo, kusanganisira izvo zvakagamuchirwa mune chikwereti chayo chikwereti. Iko zvino inotarisa mubhadharo kana kurasikirwa kwomubhadhara.
| Company | Invested | Sold For | Kubatsira / Kurasikirwa | Zuva Rekushandiswa kweBailout Yaguma |
| GM | $ 51.0 billion | $ 39.7 biliyoni | - $ 11.3 mabhiriyoni | Dec. 9, 2013 |
| GMAC (Ally) | $ 17.2 biliyoni | $ 19.6 biliyoni | + $ 2.4 biliyoni | Dec. 18, 2014 |
| Chrysler | $ 12.5 biliyoni | $ 11.2 mabhiriyoni | - $ 1.3 biliyoni | May 2011 |
| TOTAL | $ 80.7 biliyoni | $ 70.5 biliyoni | - $ 10.2 mabhiriyoni |
(Chinyorwa: "Zvinhu Zvikuru," Dhipatimendi reUnited States.
Ford Credit yakagamuchira bhailout ichibva kuIt Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility , kwete TARP. Icho chaiva chirongwa chehurumende chemotokari, mudzidzi, uye zvimwe zvikwereti zvevatengi .
Hurumende yehurumende yakatora GM uye Chrysler munaMarch 2009. Yakabudisa GM CEO Rick Wagoner uye yakada Chrysler kuti iyanane neItaly's Fiat SpA
Obama hutungamiri hwaishandiswa kutora-kutarisa kuisa hutsva hwekugadzirisa maitiro. Izvozvo zvakagadziridzwa mumhepo uye vakamanikidza US automakers kuti varwe makwikwi nemakambani eJapan neGermany.
Chrysler akapinda kubhadhara musi waApril 3. GM yakatevera musi waJune 1. Pakupera kwaJuly, vakabuda kubva kugadziriswa patsva. GM yakava makambani maviri akasiyana uye yakasunungura GMAC kuAllied Financial. Chrysler akava chigadzirwa chinowanzoitwa naFiat. Dhipatimendi reMarikiti yakatanga kutengesa pfuma yeG GM muna 2010. Chrysler akabhadhara chikamu chekupedzisira chezvikwereti zvake muna 2011.
Musi waDecember 18, 2014, Dhipatimendi reMariki rakagumisa kubhadhara. Ndiyo apo yakatengesa migove yayo yekupedzisira yeAlly Financial, yaimbozivikanwa seGeneral Motors Acceptance Corporation. Yakanga yavatenga madhora 17.2 mabhiriyoni kuti awane mari muchidimbu cheGM chisina kukwana. Dhipatimendi reMariki yekutengesa inotengesa zvikamu zve $ 19,6 mabhiriyoni, zvichiita $ 2.4 biriyoni mutero kune vateresi.
Initial Request
Congress yakaramba kuti vekugadzirisa mabhizimisi vakatanga kukumbira $ 50 mabhiriyoni. Senate Major Major Leader Harry Reid vakatsigira bhailout. Asi akati Vakuru vatatu vanofanira kudzoka ne "... urongwa hunotipa hunotipa mukana chaiwo wekutora mavhoti anodiwa." Izvo hazvina kubatsira maonero evaruzhinji avo vanogadzirisa mauto avo vatatu ve CEO vakaenda ku DC mumakambani ejets.
Izvi zvaive maererano nesangano re Associated Press, "Bush Signs Jobless Benefits Extension," rakabudiswa musi waNovember 21, 2008.
Congress yakagadzirira kuendesa $ 25 biliyoni chirongwa chinokonzerwa nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi anoshanda zvakanaka. Vakatengesi vakakumbira imwe $ 25 mabhiriyoni kuti vabude muTARP fund. IA Associated Press yakashuma pamusoro peizvi munyaya yavo yaNovember 17, 2008, "Vakuru 3 Vanokanganisa Beg ye $ 25 Bhiriyoni." Imba Mutauriri Nancy Pelosi, mamwe maDemocrats, uye hurumende dzevashandi dzakatsigira chikumbiro.
Vaya vanopikisa kushandisa TARP vakati GM naCrysler vakaunza kushandiswa kwavo pfupi ivo pachavo. Havana kutorazve retool kuitira nguva yakaoma. Vaifanira kunge vakachera michina, mabasa, uye vatengesi makore akapfuura. Munyori wezvinyorwa David Brooks akati, "... kana makambani aya asingabvumirwi kuvhara iye zvino, haazombovi."
MunaDecember 2008, ivo vanogadzirisa zvinhu vakakumbira $ 35 mabhiriyoni. Congress inotanga kuongorora kana chirongwa chekugadzirisa zvekugadziriswa pasina kubhadharwa chaive chakanaka. Izvozvo zvakakurumidza kuziva kuti zvingatora nguva yakareba kuti zviite. Mutungamiri Bush uye Munyori wenhepfenyuro Hank Paulson vakazobvumirana ne $ 24.9 bhiriyoni yebhailout vachishandisa TARP.
MunaJanuary 2009, hurumende yehurumende yakaumba Automobile Industry Finance Program. Yakapa GM uye Chrysler mari yekushandisa yaidiwa kuti vararame. Yakagadzira GMAC yemari yemari yakawanda inowanika kune vatengi vemotokari. Heino kuputsika:
- $ 14.3 mabhiriyoni eGeneral Motors.
- $ 5.0 biliyoni ye GMAC.
- $ 5.5 mabhiriyoni eCrysler
Iyo makambani akavimbiswa kuti achatsanya kufambira mberi kwekugadzirisa motokari dzinogadzirisa simba uye kusimbisa mabasa. GM uye Ford vakabvumirana kuderedza nhamba yezvikwata zvavakaita. Ungano yeUnited Automobile Workers yakabvuma kugamuchira zvipo zvakanonoka kune imwe yehutano trust fund yevakabhadhara. Yakabvumiranawo kuti kuderedze zvikwereti kune vashandi vakaregererwa. Vakatungamiri vatatu vanobvumirana kushanda $ 1 pagore uye vanotengesa jets avo.
Musi waMarch 19, 2009, Dhipatimendi reMariki yakabvumira $ 5 biliyoni muzvikwereti kune vanotengesa motokari.
GM uye GMAC Kuchengetedza Nguva
Muna 1953, mutungamiri weGeneral Motors Mutungamiri Charles Wilson akati, "Chii chakanakira nyika yedu chakanga chakanakira General Motors, uye zvakasiyana." GM yokutengesa yakawira peak yemotokari mamiriyoni 17.296 munaSeptember 2005. Asi, sezvo mafuta emagetsi akawedzera, kutengesa kweGM kwakawedzera.
Pakazosvika 2007, vaAmerica vakawana mazwi aWilson akanga asiri echokwadi. Ndiyo gore reToyota rakarova GM kuti rive mutungamiri wepasi automaker. Izvo zvakazviita kuburikidza nekupa nekusangana nekudiwa kwepasi rose kwemotokari maduku. Kunyange zvazvo Toyota yakanga ichivaka zvirimwa muUnited States, GM yaive yakavhara. Panzvimbo yekuchinja, yakapa zero muzana mari yekubhadharira kutengesa SUV nedzimwe motokari huru.
Iko yekutanga $ 14.3 mabhiriyoni ekubhadhara yakanga isina kukwana. MunaEpril, GM yakakwereta imwe $ 2 biliyoni. Musi waMay 2, 2009, GM inowira pasi pe $ 1 yagove yekutanga kokutanga kubva paKuderera Kukuru . Izvozvo zvakamanikidza iyo kuti iwane imwe $ 4.4 mabhiriyoni kuti igare yakamira.
Musi waJune 1, 2009, GM yakaparara. Yaiva ne $ 82 biliyoni muzvinhu uye $ 172.8 mabhiriyoni mune zvikwereti. Mwedzi iwoyo, kutengesa kwakawira pakadzika kwepamusoro pezvikwata zvinokwana mamiriyoni 9,545 nemarori.
Hurumende yakapa GM $ 30.1 mabhiriyoni kuti iwane mari muna June neJuly apo yakapfuura kuburikidza nekugadziriswa patsva. Iyo yakavimbisawo kuti GM yakawedzerwa zvivimbiso. Mukudzoka, yakatenga makumi matanhatu kubva muzana yekambani muzvigwaro zvekuchengetwa kwemaoko pamwe chete nemasikirwo aidiwa . Hurumende yeCanada yakatenga 12 muzana. Bumbiro rehutano hwehutano hwakagamuchira 17.5 muzana yekutengesa pfuma. Izvo zvaive panzvimbo ye $ 20 mabhiriyoni aidiwa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvevashambadziri vanosvika 650 000. Vashandi vehurumende vakagamuchira 10 muzana yekutengesa pfuma panzvimbo ye $ 27 mabhiriyoni muzvisungo. Stockholders vakarasikirwa nemari yavo yose.
GM yakavimbisa kubhadhara chikwereti chemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemazana maviri negore ra2012 apo yakaronga kuputsa kunyange. Iyo kambani yakatsigira kuderedza chikwereti chayo ne $ 30 mabhiriyoni nekushandura chikwereti kuva nehutano. Yakabvumirana kubhadhara kubatanidzwa kwehutano hwehutano hwevashandi kubva kune vemuRwanda muna 2010. Yakapikira kutengesa Saab, Saturn, uye Hummer kugovana, kuderedza nhamba yemhando dzekutengesa kusvika ku40. Yakabvisa zvivako 11, yakavhara 40 muzana yevatengesi 6,000, uye kudarika mabasa anopfuura 20 000.
Hurumende yehupfumi yakapawo zvinotevera zvinokurudzira vatengi vemotokari itsva.
- Hurumende yakatsigira zvose zvitsva zvevheji dzemotokari.
- Iko mari yezvemari inokonzera kuti vatengi vemotokari vatsva vabvise zvese zvekutengesa motokari uye mitero yemadhora.
- Congress inobvumira TARP-inobhadhara mari inotsigirwa neZero pesa mari yeimwe Chrysler motokari.
Hurumende yaida kuita kuti GM ishande zvakanaka. Izvozvo zvinogona kubvumira kuti zvive zvinobatsira apo kutengesa kunodzokera kumotokari mamiriyoni gumi pagore. Izvozvo zvakaitika munaJuly 2009, apo kutengesa kwakawira 10.758 mamiriyoni.
GM yakabuda kubva ku bankruptcy munaJuly 10, 2009, semakambani maviri akasiyana. Old GM inobata chikwereti chikuru. New GM yakachengetedza zvinhu, $ 17 mabhiriyoni mune chikwereti, chibvumirano neyunivhesiti, uye mari yepasheni yemari yepensheni . Izvi zvakabvumira kuti iende mberi sekambani inobatsira. Sangano idzva rine zvigadzirwa zvina: Chevrolet, Cadillac, GMC, uye Buick. Iko kambani yakatengesa Saab uye yakaguma Saturn neHummer.
Muna Gumiguru 2010, GMAC, JPMorgan Chase uye Bank of America vakabvuma kumisa hutsva hwekutsvaira hutsva kusvikira Federal Reserve uye Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation vakapedza purofiti yavo.
GMAC inomirira General Motors Acceptance Corporation. Yakaumbwa muna 1919 kupa zvikwereti kuna General Motors 'auto kutenga. Kubvira panguva iyo, yakawedzera kuisa inshuwarisi, kubhengi mabhizimusi, kubhadhara mari, uye mari yezvemari. Izvo zvikwereti zvayo zvaive zvakakwana nechikwereti chinotyisa. Ndokusaka yakagamuchira $ 5 biliyoni bhailout munaDecember 2008. Nemhaka yekutsvakurudza, musoro wekuchengetedza mabhuku Old Republic yakaratidza kuti yaizorega kuisa inshumo yeGGAC's mortgages. Muna 2010, GMAC yakaiswa muAlly Financial.
Musi waNovember 17, 2010, muhurukuro yaro yakabudiswa, "Treasury Inoshuma Pricing Public Offering," Dhipatimendi reMariki yakaratidza kuti yaizotengesa hafu yega GM. Kutengeswa ikoko kwakabvumira kupa kwepakutanga kwepachena pamusika wekutengesa we $ 33 a share.
MunaNovember 2013, Dhipatimendi reMariki yakazivisa kuti yaizotengesa zvigaro zvayo zvemamiriyoni 31.1. Yakanga yatodzosera $ 37.2 mabhiriyoni kuburikidza nekuzvitengesa huri mu GM.
Chrysler's Bailout
Musi waJanuary 16, 2009, Dhipatimendi reMariki rakabvumira mari ye $ 1.5 mabhiriyoni yeCrysler Financial. Nhamba yemari yezvikwereti yaiva imwe pfungwa pamusoro pe Libor , inozivikanwawo seLondon Interbank Off Rate. Mukuwedzera, Chrysler Financial yakavimbisa kubhadhara hurumende $ 75 mamiriyoni mumanyoti uye kuderedza mabhonasi makuru nemakumi mana kubva muzana. Somugumisiro, vatengi vemotokari vakawana zero muzana mari yekubhadhara kwemakore mashanu pane dzimwe mhando.
Chrysler akagamuchira $ 4 mabhiriyoni e $ 7 bhiriyoni bhudha mari yaakakumbira pakutanga. Mukudzoka, muridzi wayo Cerberus akapika kuti aizochinja chikwereti chayo kuhutano.
Nyaya yaJanuary 19, 2009 muThe Washington Post, "US inowedzera rubatsiro kune Auto Auto," inoshuma kuti yakakumbira $ 6 mabhiriyoni kubva muDhizimusi reNyanzvi kuti idzorezve mamwe magetsi ane simba. Chrysler aida kuti Vakuru Vatatu vashande pamwe nehurumende yehurumende mubato rekubatana kwekuvandudza mamwe magetsi. Izvozvo hazvina kuitika, uye Chrysler haana kuwana chikwereti kubva kuDhizimisi reMagetsi. Pane kudaro, yakavimbisa kutanga motokari yemagetsi muna 2010, ichikwira kusvika ku500 000 muna 2013.
Musi waEpril 30, 2009, Chrysler akaiswa mukunamatira. Munyori wehurumende Munyori Tim Geithner akabvuma kubhadhara $ 6 mabhiriyoni kuti apiwe mari yekufambisa paanenge apera. Yakabuda sekambani itsva, 58.5 muzana ye automaker Fiat SpA yeItaly ikozvino inowanikwa. Iyi Fiat-Chrysler merger yakagadzira pasi rechitanhatu automaker. Zvose zvinowanikwa neUnited Auto Workers Retiree Medical Benefits Trust. Chrysler yakavharwa pasi peperperforming dealerships sechikamu chekukanganiswa kwayo.
Muna May 2011, Chrysler akabhadhara madhora 11.2 mabhiriyoni e $ 12,5 mabhiriyoni ari muTARP zvikwereti makore matanhatu mberi kwepurogiramu. Mari yose yevateresi yaiva $ 1.3 mabhiriyoni.
Muna 2013, Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne akazivisa zvirongwa zvekutora Chrysler pevanhu paNew York Stock Exchange . Izvi zvakabvumira Fiat kuti atenge yose yekambani uye akabatanidza vaviri vacho mukukwikwidzana kwakawanda pasi automaker. Muna Gumiguru 2014, yakarongerwa pasi pechiratidzo che "tick" FCAU. Sangano idzva rainzi Fiat Chrysler Auto Company NV Yaro 2017 yemari yemari yaiva $ 17 biliyoni.
Muna 2016, Chrysler akasunungura Ferrari yayo. Muna 2017, paiva nenhema yokuti Chrysler angatengesa mazita ayo eJeep brand kuChinaker automaker. Iyo kambani inoshandurawo michero yayo yeU.S. kubva mumotokari kumakorori uye motokari dzeJee sport utility. Hapana zvirongwa zvekuvaka magetsi kana kuzvidzora motokari.
Bhailout yaFil Ford
Kunyange zvazvo Ford isina kuwana TARP mari, yakagamuchira zvikwereti zvehurumende. Idzi dzaive dzakakosha nokuti mabhengi akanga asina kukweretesa panguva yematambudziko emari. Yakakumbira $ 9 bhiriyoni mutsara-we-chikwereti kubva kuhurumende. Mukudzoka, yakavimbisa kushandura $ 14 mabhiriyoni pamichina itsva.
Musi waJune 23, 2009, Ford yakagamuchira chikwereti chemadhora mabhiriyoni 5,9 kubva muDare reMagetsi rinonzi Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing. Mukudzoka, yakavimbisa kukurumidza kuendesa mberi kwekutengesa motokari uye motokari-motokari motokari, vatengesi vekutengesa, uye vachitengesa Volvo. Yakagadziridzwa mapurisa kuItaly, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, uye Ohio kuti ibudise motokari dzakasvibiswa.
Ford yakashandisa mari iyi kuti ichinje mararamiro ayo emagetsi. Muna 2016, mutungamiri mukuru weMDC Mark Fields akati, "Tinoda kuva mutambi wepamusoro mune magetsi anogadziriswa.Ikambani inoda kutungamira ... tinogona kukunda sekuita sevatengesi vemabhizimisi edu."
Mazana makumi mana nezana kubva muzana emari akaenda kunogadzira hutano hutsva hwemotokari dzemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, vakabatsira mari yaMorum's aluminium miviri muF-series pickups. IC Congressional Research Service yakafungidzira kuti zvikwereti zvakachengetwa mabasa 33,000 . Ford ichadzorera chikwereti ichi muna 2022.
Vakawanda vanopikisa kuti Ford inoda mari kuti ichengetedze mari yayo inopera munguva yekuderera. Ford inoti yakanga iri nani pane mamwe maviri nokuti yakanga yakachengetedza zvinhu zvayo muna 2006 kuti iwedzere $ 23.6 mabhiriyoni. Yakashandisa zvikwereti kuti idzorezve zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira michina kuti iongorore pane zviduku, motokari dzemotokari. Iko yakabatanidzwa neUnited Automobile Workers kubvumirana kuti inogona kubhadhara hafu yenguva itsva yekurapa kwehutano yekutarisira nekambani yekambani. Pakavhuvhuta 2009, yakabhadhara $ 9,9 mabhiriyoni echikwereti chakanga chatora muna 2006.
Zvikonzero Zvokufuratira
Pakazosvika December 2008, kutengesa motokari kwaive ne 37 muzana kudarika gore rakapfuura. Icho chaiva mazana mana emadhora mashoma kana kuti yakaenzana nemiti yezvinhu zviviri zvegore. GM naChrysler vakanyanya kuderera, asi kurasikirwa kweF Ford kwakanga kwakangofanana nevatungamiri vemabhizimisi Honda neToyota.
Vazhinji muCongress vaipomera vashandisi vekushanda vasina kukwikwidzana kwemakore. Makambani acho akanga anonoka kuita mamwe magetsi emagetsi. Pane kudaro, vakaisa pfungwa pakukohwa zvinyorwa kubva kune gesi-guzzling SUVs uye Hummers.
Apo kutengesa kwakaramba muna 2006, vakatanga zero-percent yemari yekugadzirisa mari yekutengesa vatengi. Nyaya yeDecember 3, 2008 yeBloomberg inoti, "UAW Inopa Kutora," inoshuma kuti nhengo dzeUnited States dzakabhadharwa $ 70 paawa, pamwero wega, apo misha mitsva yakaita $ 26 paawa. GM yakanga ine kaviri mikana yakawanda sezvaidiwa. Yaivawo nekutengeserana kaviri, nekuda kwehurumende yemitemo.
The Impact of the Automakers ku US Economy
Pasinei nezvimwe zvinoshorwa, bhailout yakabatsira kuvaka 340,000 mamwe mabasa. Panguva yebhailout, indasitiri yemotokari yakapa 3.6 muzana , kana kuti $ 500 mabhiriyoni, kuUnited States yakagadziriswa . A 30 kubva muzana inoderera mukutengesa motokari yakashandurwa zvakananga ku 1 muzana yezvishoma kuderera kwehupfumi.
Motokari uye zvikamu zvinoshandiswa zvakashandiswa 1,091 mamiriyoni vashandi muna April 2006. Pakazosvika June 2009, nhamba iyoyo yakanga yakaderera 43 muzana kusvika 624 000 vashandi. Masangano akaregwa 16 muzana yevashandi vavo. Vashandi vehurumende vakawira kubva pachirongwa chemamiriyoni 1,926 munaSeptember 2005 kusvika ku612 mamiriyoni munaFebruary 2010. Izvi zvinosanganisira vatorwa vekune dzimwe nyika pamwe neBhitatu.
Vakawanda vaongorori havana kubvuma. Vaifunga kuti Chrysler aizotadza kubhadhara kunyange nekutambisa mari uye iyo Ford yakanga isina kudikanwa nayo. Iyo yakakosha zvikuru yebhailout yaiva yekuchengetedza mabasa paGG. Asi kudengenyeka kwakakonzera GM kuparadza basa rayo nekugadzira, pasinei nekubhadhara. Uyezve, kana kudarika kwapera, Toyota uye Honda vaizoenderera mberi kuwedzera zvinyorwa zvavo zveUnited States, vachipa mabasa kuvashandi vekuAmerica.
Kudai pakange pasina bhailout, Ford, Toyota, uye Honda vangadai vakatora chikamu chemu market. Izvozvo zvingadai zvakawedzera zvinyorwa zveUnited States nemabasa apo kudengenyeka kwapera. Kurasikirwa kweG GM kwaizoita sekurasikirwa kwePan Am, TWA, nedzimwe makambani aive nesimba rakakura reAmerica asi akarasikirwa nekukwikwidzana. Zvichida zvakakonzerwa pamwoyo weAmerica asi kwete zvakakuvadza hupfumi. Somugumisiro, motokari yemabhizimisi yekushambadzira yakanga isinganyanyi kukosha kuhupfumi hweUnited States, sekusunungura kweAIG kana yebhangi system.