Fannie Mae vs. Freddie Mac: Kufanana uye Kusiyana

by Kimberly Amadeo

Ndechipi Kusiyana pakati pe Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac?

Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac makambani maviri akasimbiswa nehurumende kusimudzira misika yemba. Iyi mhemberero haisi yakasiyana chete mumararamiro avo, asiwo mumakambani avo anotengesa uye zvigadzirwa. Kutora muenzaniso, Fannie Mae anotenga zvikwereti kubva kumabhandi ekutengesa uye Freddie Mac anovatenga kubva kumaduku maduku. (Chinhu: "Fannie Mae vs. Freddie Mac," Diffen.com.)

Mutungamiri weRoosevelt wakamisa Fannie Mae muna 1938 senhengo yehurumende. Yakatenga Federal Housing Administration mortgages uye yakaisanganisira mumabhuku ayo. Muna 1968, yakava yeHurumende-Inobhadharwa Bhizinesi. Izvi zvaireva kuti nepo vashandi vanove varimo, hurumende yeUnited States yakavimbisa chikwereti chayo. Izvozvo zvakava sangano rakakosha.

Muna 1970, iyo Nixon yekutonga yakamisa Freddie Mac seGSE, iyo yaireva kuti inogona kutenga chero rudzi rwekubhadhara uye kwete FHA chete. Kusiyana naFennie Mae, Freddie Mac haana kuva nehurumende yehurumende yezvikwereti zvake uye aida kutengesa dambudziko rekusiya. Izvozvi zvakaita izvi nokuisa pamwe chete maitiro ezvikwereti kune zvikwereti zvinotsigirwa mari . Izvo zvakabva zvatengesa zvikwereti izvi kuti zvive nemari, mari yepensheni uye vashandi vemari.

Congress yakamisa Freddie Mac kukwikwidzana naFannie Mae uye yakabvumira kutenga mari isiri yeFHA uye kuishandura muMBS.

01 Fannie Mae Is Iye zvino Federal Federal Mortgage Association

Muna 1938, Congress yakagadza Fannie Mae kuburikidza ne Federal Federal Loan Bank Act. Izvi zvakaguma mumusika wechipiri kune zvikwereti zvinotsigirwa neFHA. Mutungamiri Roosevelt aida Fannie Mae kuti abatsire kuziva iyo American Dream of homeownership. Apo Fannie Mae akatenga chikwereti kubva kumabhangi, yakavapa mari yakawanda yekukweretesa.

Congress yakashandura Fannie Mae kuenda kune imwe kambani muna 1968. Panzvimbo yekushandisa mari yemutero kuti ibhadhara mari iyo, yakatengesa mashizha kune vashandi muInternal Public Offering . Kunze kwezvo, Congress yakada mari yekubhadhara Hondo yeVietnam.

02 Freddie Mac Isu Iye zvino Federal Federal Mortgage Mortgage Corporation

Freddie Mac akakurudzira kukurudzira mabhengi kuti agadzire makore makumi matatu ekudzivirira mari kuitira kuti arege kuchengeta zvikwereti mumabhuku avo kwemakore makumi matatu. Izvozvo zvakasunga mari yakawandisa uye zvakanga zvine ngozi kumabhanki.

03 Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac Kufanana: Vanoita Kuti Zvikwereti Zvigoneke

Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac uye FHLB vakaita dzimba dzepamusoro kune vazhinji veAmerica kwemakumi emakore. Zvisinei, vakashanda semasangano anotsigirwa nehurumende. Izvi zvaireva kuti vaifanira kuve nekubatsira kune vagovhenekeri apo vachigadzira yemusika wechipiri wakaita kuti kugadziriswa kwezvikwereti zvitsva zvigoneke.

Pakupera kwa2007, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac naFHLB vakapa 90 muzana yemari yekubhadhara mari itsva, maererano neHhovisi ye Federal Office Enterprise Oversight. Izvi zvaive zvinopfuura kaviri chikamu chavo chemusika wekutengesa ichiratidza kuwanda kwokuti mari yehupfumi yemari yakange yaoma.

Pakutanga kwa2008, Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac vakapindira kuti vatsigire mari yakawanda yekutengeserana mari kuti vatsigire misika yemumba. Sezvo the subprime mortgage inopera yakawedzera, hurumende yehurumende yaifanira kupindira kuti inunure Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac ivo pachavo.

Kamwe mabhenji akatya, maGSEs maviri ndivo chete vaiita zvikwereti. Mushure mekuderera , mabhanga akawanda aisazopa ani zvake chikwereti kunze kwe Fannie Mae uye Freddie Mac vanovimbisa. (Chinobva: "Fannie naFreddie Imba yeMari yeDhaidhi," FT.com, Kubvumbi 2, 2008.)

04 Basa Ravo MuChinjeni Crisis

MunaAugust 2007, Economist yakanyevera kuti simba raFennie naFreddie rokumanikidza kutengeswa mumusika kunogona kuregererwa. Fannie akazivisa kuti yaizobvisa chikwereti chemari b Panguva iyoyo yaifungidzirwa kuti Fannie aine mari yakakwana kuti akwanise kumirira kusvikira misika ichivandudzwa. Zvisinei, munaNovember 2007. Fannie akazivisa $ 1.4 bhiriyoni kurasikirwa kwegore rimwe nerimwe ndokuzivisa kuti yaizoshandisa $ 500 mamiriyoni mune mari itsva. Freddie akabva ataura $ 2 biliyoni kurasikirwa, kutumira mutengo wayo pasi pasi 23%.

Freddie akabata $ 120.8 mabhiriyoni emari yekutengesa mari, uye shoma peresenti yenharaunda yayo yose yekutyisidzira hutano hwehutano - kana kuti munhu wose anofunga. Ne Q4 2007, Freddie akaudza $ 2 bhiriyoni kurasikirwa. Mukupindura, sangano rakasimudza $ 6 mabhiriyoni mumutengo mutsva kuburikidza nokutengeswa kwematokari aidiwa kusvika kumhenderekedzo yezvinyorwa zvayo. Zvakanga zvisina kukwana.

05 Kunyange zvakadaro Havana Kukonzera Chirwere Chekutengesa

Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac havana kukonzera subprime mortgage crisis . Zvikwata zvavo zvaiva nehotera yepasi pezvikwereti zve subprime pane zvebhengi zvekutengeserana uye mabhizimisi. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawedzera kuwanikwa kwavo kwezvikwereti kuti varambe vaine zvikwereti zvavo vachifara mune izvo zvave zvichinyanya kukwikwidzana pamisika. Pamberi pematambudziko emari, vainazvo kana kuti vakapa $ 1.4 trillion, kana 40 muzana, yeUnited Stated mortgages. Kubva ipapo, $ 168 mabhiriyoni chete aive mu subprime mortgages ,

06 Vachave Vagarwa neHurumende: Zvinorevei

Hurumende yakashandisa mari inosvika $ 150 mabhiriyoni kuitira kuti Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac vatengesi vemakambani vaite basa. Ive iri kutarisira maGSEs maviri kubva munaSeptember 2008, apo Federal Federal Agency yakavaisa mukutambira. Iyi yakanga iri urongwa hwenguva pfupi, asi dzimba dzemaitiro hazvina kumbovandudza zvakakwana kusunungura hurumende yemutoro uyu.

Ramangwana raFennie naFreddie

Iye zvino kuti Fannie naFreddie vane pamba yevanhu, vanofanirwa kugara saizvozvo, zvichida kwenguva iyo. Mazano ekuvadzidzisa zvakare, kana kuvabvisa uye orega boka rega roga kutora, haringashandi. Sei? Hurumende yatotanga kuedza kubvisa mari pamusika wekutengesa, uye zvose zvese zvave zvichikundikana nguva dzose.